Bloodshed by King Manasseh, Assyrians and Priestly Scribes : : Theological Meaning and Historical-Cultural Contextualization of 2 Kings 21 / / Krzysztof Kinowski [and nine others].

• Superior document: Lublin Theological Studies
• VerfasserIn: Kinowski, Krzysztof,
• Place / Publishing House: Göttingen, Germany : : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,, [2024]; ©2024
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Lublin theological studies.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (374 pages)

Table of Contents

• Cover
• Titel
• Copyright
• Table of Contents
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• Bibliographical Abbreviations
• Editorial remarks
• Introduction
• 1 The Meaning of Blood(shed) in Akkadian Writings and in the Hebrew Bible
• 1.1 Blood(shed) in Akkadian Writings: The Semantics of damu(m)
• 1.1.1 General Overview
• Concrete referents of damu(m)
• Abstract referents of damu(m)
• 1.1.2 Blood(shed) in the Context of the Assyrian Wars
• "Bloody" metaphors as topoi
• Bloodshed and Assyrian propaganda
• 1.1.3 Blood(shed) in the Context of Civil Violence
• Bloodshed and bloodguilt: the expression ina dami(m) ballu
• Bloodshed as a sin against the gods
• Bloodshed as a crime against the king and society
• The expressions tābik damī/ē and amir damī/ē
• The idiom bēl damī/ē
• Bloodshed in the context of political and economic affairs
• Remedying bloodshed: blood money and other measures
• 1.2 Blood(shed) in the Hebrew Bible: The Semantics of ָם
• 1.2.1 General Overview
• Concrete referents of ָם
• Abstract referents of ָם
• ָם versus damu(m)
• 1.2.2 Cultic-Ritual Conceptualization of Blood in the Hebrew Bible
• The biblical concept of דָּם"blood" identified with נֶפֶשׁ "life"
• The prohibition on eating blood
• The cultic significance of blood
• Excursus: "Blood-consciousness" and the primitive comprehension of blood
• Bloodguilt and blood defilement: the cult versus ethics
• Excursus: The distinctiveness of the biblical conceptualization of blood against the background of other cultural milieus of the ancient Near East
• 1.2.3 Blood(shed) in the Sphere of Biblical Ethics
• The semantics of שׁפך דָּם
• Bloodshed in relation to other crimes
• The guilt of shedding blood
• Blood vengeance
• Blood(shed) as pollutant: the exile and the land's destruction.
• 2 The Significance of Bloody Violence in Selected Neo-Assyrian Letters and in the Narrative of 1-2 Kings
• 2.1 Bloody Violence and the Policies of the Neo-Assyrian Empire: A Study of Selected Cases
• 2.1.1 The Case of the Itu'eans' Raid
• "They made the people writhe (in panic)"
• Itu'eans' violence in the political context
• Itu'eans' violence in the economic context
• 2.1.2 The Case of Two Families in Marpāda
• "Let us kill (them)"
• The Marpadaeans' offer and Assyrian diplomatic strategies
• The Marpadaeans' offer and the military operations in the region
• 2.1.3 The Case of Yakīn-Lû (Ikkilû), King of Arwad
• "He kills whomsoever goes up to the Assyrian port"
• Yakīn-Lû's murders in the political context
• Yakīn-Lû's murders in the economic context
• 2.1.4 The Case of the Bloodbath in Irgīdu
• "Make a bloodbath and take prisoners of war for me!"
• The massacre in Irgīdu and Bēl-ibni's military strategies
• The massacre in Irgīdu in the context of the Assyrian-Elamite war
• 2.2 Bloody Violence in the History of Israel and Judah in 1-2Kgs
• 2.2.1 Review of Bloody Violence in 1-2Kgs
• 2.2.1.1 Bloodshed/Violence Committed in War
• Fratricidal conflicts between Israel and Judah
• Wars in the international arena
• 2.2.1.2 Bloodshed/Violence Committed in Time of Peace in the Political Context
• Coups d'état in Israel
• Assassinations of monarchs in Judah
• Other instances of politically motivated bloodshed
• 2.2.1.3 Bloodshed/Violence Committed in Time of Peace in Other Contexts
• Bloodshed as an execution of divine judgment
• Bloodshed in the context of religious conflicts
• Other instances of bloodshed
• 2.2.2 Study of Selected Instances
• 2.2.2.1 The Case of Joab
• Joab's murders and David's share in bloodguilt
• The theological significance of Joab's execution
• The political significance of Joab's execution.
• 2.2.2.2 The Case of Ahab and Jezebel
• The crime and its nature
• Condemnation
• Repentance and the verdict's alteration
• The execution of God's sentence
• 2.2.2.3 The Case of Menahem
• Menahem's atrocities
• Contextualizing Menahem's campaign
• 3 Bloodshed Committed by Manasseh (2Kgs 21:16, 24:4)
• 3.1 Textual Criticism
• 3.1.1 2Kgs 21:16
• Internal evidence
• External evidence
• 3.1.2 2Kgs 24:3-4
• Internal evidence
• External evidence
• 3.2 The Literary and Historical Context of Manasseh's Bloodshed
• 3.2.1 Theological Concepts Underlying the Key-Expressions
• The character of the offence: דַּם־הַנָּקׅי/שׁפך ָם נָקׅי
• Consequences (1)
• Excursus: Some methodological remarks
• The character of the offence: מׅ ֵא אֶת־יְר שָׁלַםִ ָם נָקׅי ֶה לָפֶה
• Consequences (2)
• The final effect of Manasseh's offense(s): לֹא אָבָה יהוה לׅסְלֺחַ
• Manasseh's bloodshed and the paradigms for Judah's fall
• 3.2.2 Interpretative Difficulties
• Why Manasseh?
• Why only Manasseh?
• Stages of the scapegoating of Manasseh
• Manasseh's bloodshed and social memory
• Priestly temple scribes and Manasseh's bloodshed
• 3.2.3 Historical Contextualization
• Manasseh as an Assyrian vassal
• The historicity of Manasseh's bloodshed
• Conclusions
• Appendix
• Text No. 1: ND 2715 (SAA 19, no.22), obv. 1 - rev. 2AS]SAA 19!no. 22!obv. 1 - rev. 2
• Text No. 2: ABL 685 (SAA 15, no.136), obv. 16 - b.e. 30AS]SAA 15!no. 136!obv. 16 - b.e. 30
• Text No. 3: K 1281 (SAA 16, no.127), obv. 13 - rev. 14AS]SAA 16!no. 127!obv. 13 - rev. 14
• Text No. 4: ABL 280, obv. 5b - rev. 14AS]ABL!280!obv. 5b - rev. 14
• Bibliography
• Indexes
• Names
• Old Testament
• New Testament
• Apocrypha
• Rabbinic Sources
• Akkadian Sources
• Other Semitic Sources
• Other Ancient Sources.