Bloodshed by King Manasseh, Assyrians and Priestly Scribes : : Theological Meaning and Historical-Cultural Contextualization of 2 Kings 21 / / Krzysztof Kinowski [and nine others].

• Superior document: Lublin Theological Studies
• VerfasserIn: Kinowski, Krzysztof,
• Place / Publishing House: Göttingen, Germany : : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,, [2024]; ©2024
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Lublin theological studies.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (374 pages)

Table of Contents

Cover -- Titel -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Bibliographical Abbreviations -- Editorial remarks -- Introduction -- 1 The Meaning of Blood(shed) in Akkadian Writings and in the Hebrew Bible -- 1.1 Blood(shed) in Akkadian Writings: The Semantics of damu(m) -- 1.1.1 General Overview -- Concrete referents of damu(m) -- Abstract referents of damu(m) -- 1.1.2 Blood(shed) in the Context of the Assyrian Wars -- "Bloody" metaphors as topoi -- Bloodshed and Assyrian propaganda -- 1.1.3 Blood(shed) in the Context of Civil Violence -- Bloodshed and bloodguilt: the expression ina dami(m) ballu -- Bloodshed as a sin against the gods -- Bloodshed as a crime against the king and society -- The expressions tābik damī/ē and amir damī/ē -- The idiom bēl damī/ē -- Bloodshed in the context of political and economic affairs -- Remedying bloodshed: blood money and other measures -- 1.2 Blood(shed) in the Hebrew Bible: The Semantics of ָם -- 1.2.1 General Overview -- Concrete referents of ָם -- Abstract referents of ָם -- ָם versus damu(m) -- 1.2.2 Cultic-Ritual Conceptualization of Blood in the Hebrew Bible -- The biblical concept of דָּם"blood" identified with נֶפֶשׁ "life" -- The prohibition on eating blood -- The cultic significance of blood -- Excursus: "Blood-consciousness" and the primitive comprehension of blood -- Bloodguilt and blood defilement: the cult versus ethics -- Excursus: The distinctiveness of the biblical conceptualization of blood against the background of other cultural milieus of the ancient Near East -- 1.2.3 Blood(shed) in the Sphere of Biblical Ethics -- The semantics of שׁפך דָּם -- Bloodshed in relation to other crimes -- The guilt of shedding blood -- Blood vengeance -- Blood(shed) as pollutant: the exile and the land's destruction.

2 The Significance of Bloody Violence in Selected Neo-Assyrian Letters and in the Narrative of 1-2 Kings -- 2.1 Bloody Violence and the Policies of the Neo-Assyrian Empire: A Study of Selected Cases -- 2.1.1 The Case of the Itu'eans' Raid -- "They made the people writhe (in panic)" -- Itu'eans' violence in the political context -- Itu'eans' violence in the economic context -- 2.1.2 The Case of Two Families in Marpāda -- "Let us kill (them)" -- The Marpadaeans' offer and Assyrian diplomatic strategies -- The Marpadaeans' offer and the military operations in the region -- 2.1.3 The Case of Yakīn-Lû (Ikkilû), King of Arwad -- "He kills whomsoever goes up to the Assyrian port" -- Yakīn-Lû's murders in the political context -- Yakīn-Lû's murders in the economic context -- 2.1.4 The Case of the Bloodbath in Irgīdu -- "Make a bloodbath and take prisoners of war for me!" -- The massacre in Irgīdu and Bēl-ibni's military strategies -- The massacre in Irgīdu in the context of the Assyrian-Elamite war -- 2.2 Bloody Violence in the History of Israel and Judah in 1-2Kgs -- 2.2.1 Review of Bloody Violence in 1-2Kgs -- 2.2.1.1 Bloodshed/Violence Committed in War -- Fratricidal conflicts between Israel and Judah -- Wars in the international arena -- 2.2.1.2 Bloodshed/Violence Committed in Time of Peace in the Political Context -- Coups d'état in Israel -- Assassinations of monarchs in Judah -- Other instances of politically motivated bloodshed -- 2.2.1.3 Bloodshed/Violence Committed in Time of Peace in Other Contexts -- Bloodshed as an execution of divine judgment -- Bloodshed in the context of religious conflicts -- Other instances of bloodshed -- 2.2.2 Study of Selected Instances -- 2.2.2.1 The Case of Joab -- Joab's murders and David's share in bloodguilt -- The theological significance of Joab's execution -- The political significance of Joab's execution.

2.2.2.2 The Case of Ahab and Jezebel -- The crime and its nature -- Condemnation -- Repentance and the verdict's alteration -- The execution of God's sentence -- 2.2.2.3 The Case of Menahem -- Menahem's atrocities -- Contextualizing Menahem's campaign -- 3 Bloodshed Committed by Manasseh (2Kgs 21:16, 24:4) -- 3.1 Textual Criticism -- 3.1.1 2Kgs 21:16 -- Internal evidence -- External evidence -- 3.1.2 2Kgs 24:3-4 -- Internal evidence -- External evidence -- 3.2 The Literary and Historical Context of Manasseh's Bloodshed -- 3.2.1 Theological Concepts Underlying the Key-Expressions -- The character of the offence: דַּם־הַנָּקׅי/שׁפך ָם נָקׅי -- Consequences (1) -- Excursus: Some methodological remarks -- The character of the offence: מׅ ֵא אֶת־יְר שָׁלַםִ ָם נָקׅי ֶה לָפֶה -- Consequences (2) -- The final effect of Manasseh's offense(s): לֹא אָבָה יהוה לׅסְלֺחַ -- Manasseh's bloodshed and the paradigms for Judah's fall -- 3.2.2 Interpretative Difficulties -- Why Manasseh? -- Why only Manasseh? -- Stages of the scapegoating of Manasseh -- Manasseh's bloodshed and social memory -- Priestly temple scribes and Manasseh's bloodshed -- 3.2.3 Historical Contextualization -- Manasseh as an Assyrian vassal -- The historicity of Manasseh's bloodshed -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- Text No. 1: ND 2715 (SAA 19, no.22), obv. 1 - rev. 2AS]SAA 19!no. 22!obv. 1 - rev. 2 -- Text No. 2: ABL 685 (SAA 15, no.136), obv. 16 - b.e. 30AS]SAA 15!no. 136!obv. 16 - b.e. 30 -- Text No. 3: K 1281 (SAA 16, no.127), obv. 13 - rev. 14AS]SAA 16!no. 127!obv. 13 - rev. 14 -- Text No. 4: ABL 280, obv. 5b - rev. 14AS]ABL!280!obv. 5b - rev. 14 -- Bibliography -- Indexes -- Names -- Old Testament -- New Testament -- Apocrypha -- Rabbinic Sources -- Akkadian Sources -- Other Semitic Sources -- Other Ancient Sources.