The battle of human rights : : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / / Cecilia Medina Quiroga.
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Superior document: | International Studies in Human Rights ; 11 |
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Place / Publishing House: | Dordrecht, Netherlands ;, Boston, Massachusetts : : Martinus Nijhoff,, [1988] ©1988 |
Year of Publication: | 1988 |
Language: | English |
Series: | International Studies in Human Rights ;
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Medina Quiroga, Cecilia, author. The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / Cecilia Medina Quiroga. Dordrecht, Netherlands ; Boston, Massachusetts : Martinus Nijhoff, [1988] ©1988 1 online resource. text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource rdacarrier International Studies in Human Rights ; 11 "Published in cooperation with the Netherlands Institute for Social and Economic Law Research." Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- I INTRODUCTION -- II GROSS, SYSTEMATIC VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITION -- 2.1. The United Nations and gross, systematic violations -- the concept of "consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights" -- 2.2. Gross, systematic violations -- a proposal for a definition -- 2.2.1. The meaning of the words -- 2.2.2. The elements -- 2.2.2.1. The element of quantity -- 2.2.2.2. The element of time -- 2.2.2.3. The element of quality -- 2.2.2.3.1. The type of rights being violated -- 2.2.2.3.2. The character of the violation -- 2.2.2.3.3. The status of the victims -- 2.2.2.4. The element of planning -- 2.2.3. The definition -- 2.3. Gross, systematic violations -- the importance of a categorization -- III THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The beginnings of the inter-American system -- a problem of unequal partners -- 3.3. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy as a banner against the Axis Powers -- 3.3.1. The good neighbor policy and solidarity under the threat of war -- 3.3.2. The Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Second World War -- 3.3.3. The Mexico City Conference of 1945 -- preparations for the post-war period -- 3.3.4. Summary of the period -- 3.4. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy and respect for human rights in the struggle against communism -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. The inter-American system and its first Constitution -- the Organization of American States (OAS) -- 3.4.3. Democracy and human rights in the Ninth International Conference of American States -- 3.4.3.1. Recognition of de facto governments. 3.4.3.2. Defense and preservation of democracy in America as a containing wall against communism -- 3.4.3.3. The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man -- 3.4.4. Democracy and human rights in the Charter of the OAS -- 3.4.4.1. The principles upon which the OAS was founded -- 3.4.4.2. The principles of democracy and human rights in the Charter -- 3.4.4.2.1. The travaux préparatoires -- 3.4.4.2.2. The provisions and their interpretation -- 3.4.5. Democracy and human rights after the signing of the OAS Charter -- 3.4.5.1. The Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., March 26-April 7, 1951) -- 3.4.5.2. The Tenth Inter-American Conference (Caracas, Venezuela, March 1-28, 1954) -- 3.4.5.3. The beginning of a new era for the protection of human rights in the Americas -- 3.4.5.3.1. Democracy and the Declaration of Santiago -- 3.4.5.3.2. Human Rights -- 3.5. The Latin American approach: the search for ideological pluralism -- IV THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRIOR TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 4.1. The creation of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 4.1.1. Origins -- 4.1.2. The functions and powers of the original Commission -- 4.1.2.1. Legal basis -- Resolution VIII and the Statute -- 4.1.2.2. The original Commission and individual communications -- the starting point for the broadening of the Commission's powers -- 4.1.2.3. Other activities of the Commission -- 4.2. The broadening of the powers of the Commission at the Second Special Inter-American Conference of 1965 -- 4.2.1. The Conference -- 4.2.2. The new powers of the Commission -- a matter of interpretation -- 4.3. The Commission becomes an organ of the OAS -- the amendment of the OAS Charter -- 4.3.1. The Third Special Inter-American Conference. general purposes of the amendment -- 4.3.2. The new status of the Inter-American Commission on Human rights -- 4.4. A general view of the system prior to the American Convention on Human Rights -- V THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 5.1. Origins -- 5.2. General contents of the Convention -- 5.2.1. State obligations -- 5.2.2. The rights included in the Convention -- 5.2.3. Restriction of rights -- 5.2.4. Suspension of rights -- 5.2.5. Special rules of interpretation -- 5.2.6. The organs for the promotion and protection of human rights -- 5.3. Ratification or adherence -- 5.4. Reservations -- 5.5. Denunciation -- VI THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 6.1. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in transition -- 6.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the legal basis of its powers after the entry into force of the American Convention -- 6.3. Composition and functioning -- 6.4. The promotional function of the Commission -- 6.5. The protective function of the Commission -- 6.5.1. Some general considerations -- 6.5.2. Legal mechanisms at the disposal of the Commission to perform its protective function -- 6.5.2.1. Fact-finding -- 6.5.2.1.1. Request of information -- 6.5.2.1.2. Communications -- 6.5.2.1.3. Hearings -- 6.5.2.1.4. Observations in loco -- 6.5.2.2. Actions that the Commission may take in the performance of its protective function -- 6.5.2.2.1. Recommendations -- 6.5.2.2.2. Good offices and mediation -- 6.5.2.2.3. Publicity -- 6.5.3. The handling of communications under articles 44 through 51 of the American Convention and article 20 of the Commission's Statute -- 6.5.3.1. Active and passive legitimation -- 6.5.3.2. Admissibility -- 6.5.3.3. Further consideration of the case -- 6.5.3.4. Examination of the merits -- friendly settlement -- 6.5.3.5. The decision. 6.5.4. The examination of the general situation of human rights in a country -- the country reports -- 6.6. The annual reports of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- VII THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS -- 7.1. Origins -- 7.2. The position of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the inter-American system -- 7.3. Composition and functioning -- 7.4. The Court's jurisdiction -- 7.4.1. Contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.1. Procedural requirements to bring a case before the Court -- 7.4.1.2. Standing to bring a case before the Court -- the parties to the case -- 7.4.1.2.1. The states parties to the Convention -- 7.4.1.2.2. The Commission -- the individual -- 7.4.1.2.3. The parties to the case -- 7.4.1.3. Provisional measures -- a type of contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.4. Initial processing and examination of the case -- 7.4.1.5. Final stage of the proceedings -- 7.4.1.6. Enforcement of the Court's judgment -- 7.4.2. Advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.1. Jurisdiction under article 64(1) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.2. Jurisdiction under article 64(2) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.3. Rules of Procedure concerning the Court's advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.3.1. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(1) -- 7.4.2.3.2. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(2) -- VIII THE CASE OF CUBA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The first stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba prior to the exclusion of the Cuban government from participation in the inter-American system -- 8.2.1. The Seventh Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (San Jose de Costa Rica, 22-29 August, 1960) -- 8.2.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 8.2.3. The Inter-American Peace Committee (IAPC) -- 8.3. Expulsion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system. 8.3.1. The Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Punta del Este, Uruguay, January 22-31, 1962) -- 8.3.2. The importance of the Eighth Meeting of Consultation for human rights -- 8.4. The second stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba after the exclusion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system -- 8.4.1. The political organs of the OAS and Cuba -- the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Permanent Council -- 8.4.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its competence with regard to Cuba -- the reaction of the political organs -- 8.4.3. The Commission's activities with regard to Cuba -- 8.4.3.1. Introduction -- 8.4.3.2. The Seventh Report on Cuba -- 8.4.3.2.1. Form and substance -- 8.4.3.2.2. The Report's final conclusions -- 8.4.3.2.3. Subsequent steps -- 8.4.3.3. Last events -- 8.5. Summary -- IX THE CASE OF NICARAGUA -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its first steps to supervise the human rights situation in Nicaragua -- 9.3. The awakening of the political will of the OAS -- 9.3.1. Introduction -- 9.3.2. First international tensions -- 9.3.3. Human rights come to the fore -- 9.4. The Commission steps up its activities concerning Nicaragua -- the Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Nicaragua -- 9.4.1. Introduction -- 9.4.2. The observation in loco -- 9.4.2.1. Preliminary activities -- 9.4.2.2. The visit -- 9.4.3. The Nicaraguan Report -- its substance -- 9.4.4. The observations of the Nicaraguan government -- 9.4.5. Further steps -- 9.5. The Seventeenth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., September 21, 1978-June 23, 1979) -- 9.5.1. Introduction -- 9.5.2. The agenda of the Meeting of Consultation -- a conflict of issue (the September meetings). 9.5.3. The Permanent Council as a subsidiary arena for the consideration of the Nicaraguan situation. Includes bibliographical references and index. Description based on print version record. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Human rights Latin America. 90-247-3687-0 Nederlands Instituut voor Sociaal en Economisch Recht. International Studies in Human Rights ; 11. |
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Medina Quiroga, Cecilia, |
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Medina Quiroga, Cecilia, The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / International Studies in Human Rights ; Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- I INTRODUCTION -- II GROSS, SYSTEMATIC VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITION -- 2.1. The United Nations and gross, systematic violations -- the concept of "consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights" -- 2.2. Gross, systematic violations -- a proposal for a definition -- 2.2.1. The meaning of the words -- 2.2.2. The elements -- 2.2.2.1. The element of quantity -- 2.2.2.2. The element of time -- 2.2.2.3. The element of quality -- 2.2.2.3.1. The type of rights being violated -- 2.2.2.3.2. The character of the violation -- 2.2.2.3.3. The status of the victims -- 2.2.2.4. The element of planning -- 2.2.3. The definition -- 2.3. Gross, systematic violations -- the importance of a categorization -- III THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The beginnings of the inter-American system -- a problem of unequal partners -- 3.3. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy as a banner against the Axis Powers -- 3.3.1. The good neighbor policy and solidarity under the threat of war -- 3.3.2. The Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Second World War -- 3.3.3. The Mexico City Conference of 1945 -- preparations for the post-war period -- 3.3.4. Summary of the period -- 3.4. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy and respect for human rights in the struggle against communism -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. The inter-American system and its first Constitution -- the Organization of American States (OAS) -- 3.4.3. Democracy and human rights in the Ninth International Conference of American States -- 3.4.3.1. Recognition of de facto governments. 3.4.3.2. Defense and preservation of democracy in America as a containing wall against communism -- 3.4.3.3. The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man -- 3.4.4. Democracy and human rights in the Charter of the OAS -- 3.4.4.1. The principles upon which the OAS was founded -- 3.4.4.2. The principles of democracy and human rights in the Charter -- 3.4.4.2.1. The travaux préparatoires -- 3.4.4.2.2. The provisions and their interpretation -- 3.4.5. Democracy and human rights after the signing of the OAS Charter -- 3.4.5.1. The Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., March 26-April 7, 1951) -- 3.4.5.2. The Tenth Inter-American Conference (Caracas, Venezuela, March 1-28, 1954) -- 3.4.5.3. The beginning of a new era for the protection of human rights in the Americas -- 3.4.5.3.1. Democracy and the Declaration of Santiago -- 3.4.5.3.2. Human Rights -- 3.5. The Latin American approach: the search for ideological pluralism -- IV THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRIOR TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 4.1. The creation of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 4.1.1. Origins -- 4.1.2. The functions and powers of the original Commission -- 4.1.2.1. Legal basis -- Resolution VIII and the Statute -- 4.1.2.2. The original Commission and individual communications -- the starting point for the broadening of the Commission's powers -- 4.1.2.3. Other activities of the Commission -- 4.2. The broadening of the powers of the Commission at the Second Special Inter-American Conference of 1965 -- 4.2.1. The Conference -- 4.2.2. The new powers of the Commission -- a matter of interpretation -- 4.3. The Commission becomes an organ of the OAS -- the amendment of the OAS Charter -- 4.3.1. The Third Special Inter-American Conference. general purposes of the amendment -- 4.3.2. The new status of the Inter-American Commission on Human rights -- 4.4. A general view of the system prior to the American Convention on Human Rights -- V THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 5.1. Origins -- 5.2. General contents of the Convention -- 5.2.1. State obligations -- 5.2.2. The rights included in the Convention -- 5.2.3. Restriction of rights -- 5.2.4. Suspension of rights -- 5.2.5. Special rules of interpretation -- 5.2.6. The organs for the promotion and protection of human rights -- 5.3. Ratification or adherence -- 5.4. Reservations -- 5.5. Denunciation -- VI THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 6.1. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in transition -- 6.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the legal basis of its powers after the entry into force of the American Convention -- 6.3. Composition and functioning -- 6.4. The promotional function of the Commission -- 6.5. The protective function of the Commission -- 6.5.1. Some general considerations -- 6.5.2. Legal mechanisms at the disposal of the Commission to perform its protective function -- 6.5.2.1. Fact-finding -- 6.5.2.1.1. Request of information -- 6.5.2.1.2. Communications -- 6.5.2.1.3. Hearings -- 6.5.2.1.4. Observations in loco -- 6.5.2.2. Actions that the Commission may take in the performance of its protective function -- 6.5.2.2.1. Recommendations -- 6.5.2.2.2. Good offices and mediation -- 6.5.2.2.3. Publicity -- 6.5.3. The handling of communications under articles 44 through 51 of the American Convention and article 20 of the Commission's Statute -- 6.5.3.1. Active and passive legitimation -- 6.5.3.2. Admissibility -- 6.5.3.3. Further consideration of the case -- 6.5.3.4. Examination of the merits -- friendly settlement -- 6.5.3.5. The decision. 6.5.4. The examination of the general situation of human rights in a country -- the country reports -- 6.6. The annual reports of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- VII THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS -- 7.1. Origins -- 7.2. The position of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the inter-American system -- 7.3. Composition and functioning -- 7.4. The Court's jurisdiction -- 7.4.1. Contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.1. Procedural requirements to bring a case before the Court -- 7.4.1.2. Standing to bring a case before the Court -- the parties to the case -- 7.4.1.2.1. The states parties to the Convention -- 7.4.1.2.2. The Commission -- the individual -- 7.4.1.2.3. The parties to the case -- 7.4.1.3. Provisional measures -- a type of contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.4. Initial processing and examination of the case -- 7.4.1.5. Final stage of the proceedings -- 7.4.1.6. Enforcement of the Court's judgment -- 7.4.2. Advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.1. Jurisdiction under article 64(1) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.2. Jurisdiction under article 64(2) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.3. Rules of Procedure concerning the Court's advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.3.1. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(1) -- 7.4.2.3.2. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(2) -- VIII THE CASE OF CUBA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The first stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba prior to the exclusion of the Cuban government from participation in the inter-American system -- 8.2.1. The Seventh Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (San Jose de Costa Rica, 22-29 August, 1960) -- 8.2.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 8.2.3. The Inter-American Peace Committee (IAPC) -- 8.3. Expulsion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system. 8.3.1. The Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Punta del Este, Uruguay, January 22-31, 1962) -- 8.3.2. The importance of the Eighth Meeting of Consultation for human rights -- 8.4. The second stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba after the exclusion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system -- 8.4.1. The political organs of the OAS and Cuba -- the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Permanent Council -- 8.4.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its competence with regard to Cuba -- the reaction of the political organs -- 8.4.3. The Commission's activities with regard to Cuba -- 8.4.3.1. Introduction -- 8.4.3.2. The Seventh Report on Cuba -- 8.4.3.2.1. Form and substance -- 8.4.3.2.2. The Report's final conclusions -- 8.4.3.2.3. Subsequent steps -- 8.4.3.3. Last events -- 8.5. Summary -- IX THE CASE OF NICARAGUA -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its first steps to supervise the human rights situation in Nicaragua -- 9.3. The awakening of the political will of the OAS -- 9.3.1. Introduction -- 9.3.2. First international tensions -- 9.3.3. Human rights come to the fore -- 9.4. The Commission steps up its activities concerning Nicaragua -- the Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Nicaragua -- 9.4.1. Introduction -- 9.4.2. The observation in loco -- 9.4.2.1. Preliminary activities -- 9.4.2.2. The visit -- 9.4.3. The Nicaraguan Report -- its substance -- 9.4.4. The observations of the Nicaraguan government -- 9.4.5. Further steps -- 9.5. The Seventeenth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., September 21, 1978-June 23, 1979) -- 9.5.1. Introduction -- 9.5.2. The agenda of the Meeting of Consultation -- a conflict of issue (the September meetings). 9.5.3. The Permanent Council as a subsidiary arena for the consideration of the Nicaraguan situation. |
author_facet |
Medina Quiroga, Cecilia, Nederlands Instituut voor Sociaal en Economisch Recht. Nederlands Instituut voor Sociaal en Economisch Recht. |
author_variant |
q c m qc qcm |
author_role |
VerfasserIn |
author2 |
Nederlands Instituut voor Sociaal en Economisch Recht. |
author2_role |
TeilnehmendeR |
author_corporate |
Nederlands Instituut voor Sociaal en Economisch Recht. |
author_sort |
Medina Quiroga, Cecilia, |
title |
The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / |
title_sub |
gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / |
title_full |
The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / Cecilia Medina Quiroga. |
title_fullStr |
The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / Cecilia Medina Quiroga. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / Cecilia Medina Quiroga. |
title_auth |
The battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system / |
title_new |
The battle of human rights : |
title_sort |
the battle of human rights : gross, systematic violations and the inter-american system / |
series |
International Studies in Human Rights ; |
series2 |
International Studies in Human Rights ; |
publisher |
Martinus Nijhoff, |
publishDate |
1988 |
physical |
1 online resource. |
contents |
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- I INTRODUCTION -- II GROSS, SYSTEMATIC VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITION -- 2.1. The United Nations and gross, systematic violations -- the concept of "consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights" -- 2.2. Gross, systematic violations -- a proposal for a definition -- 2.2.1. The meaning of the words -- 2.2.2. The elements -- 2.2.2.1. The element of quantity -- 2.2.2.2. The element of time -- 2.2.2.3. The element of quality -- 2.2.2.3.1. The type of rights being violated -- 2.2.2.3.2. The character of the violation -- 2.2.2.3.3. The status of the victims -- 2.2.2.4. The element of planning -- 2.2.3. The definition -- 2.3. Gross, systematic violations -- the importance of a categorization -- III THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The beginnings of the inter-American system -- a problem of unequal partners -- 3.3. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy as a banner against the Axis Powers -- 3.3.1. The good neighbor policy and solidarity under the threat of war -- 3.3.2. The Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Second World War -- 3.3.3. The Mexico City Conference of 1945 -- preparations for the post-war period -- 3.3.4. Summary of the period -- 3.4. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy and respect for human rights in the struggle against communism -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. The inter-American system and its first Constitution -- the Organization of American States (OAS) -- 3.4.3. Democracy and human rights in the Ninth International Conference of American States -- 3.4.3.1. Recognition of de facto governments. 3.4.3.2. Defense and preservation of democracy in America as a containing wall against communism -- 3.4.3.3. The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man -- 3.4.4. Democracy and human rights in the Charter of the OAS -- 3.4.4.1. The principles upon which the OAS was founded -- 3.4.4.2. The principles of democracy and human rights in the Charter -- 3.4.4.2.1. The travaux préparatoires -- 3.4.4.2.2. The provisions and their interpretation -- 3.4.5. Democracy and human rights after the signing of the OAS Charter -- 3.4.5.1. The Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., March 26-April 7, 1951) -- 3.4.5.2. The Tenth Inter-American Conference (Caracas, Venezuela, March 1-28, 1954) -- 3.4.5.3. The beginning of a new era for the protection of human rights in the Americas -- 3.4.5.3.1. Democracy and the Declaration of Santiago -- 3.4.5.3.2. Human Rights -- 3.5. The Latin American approach: the search for ideological pluralism -- IV THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRIOR TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 4.1. The creation of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 4.1.1. Origins -- 4.1.2. The functions and powers of the original Commission -- 4.1.2.1. Legal basis -- Resolution VIII and the Statute -- 4.1.2.2. The original Commission and individual communications -- the starting point for the broadening of the Commission's powers -- 4.1.2.3. Other activities of the Commission -- 4.2. The broadening of the powers of the Commission at the Second Special Inter-American Conference of 1965 -- 4.2.1. The Conference -- 4.2.2. The new powers of the Commission -- a matter of interpretation -- 4.3. The Commission becomes an organ of the OAS -- the amendment of the OAS Charter -- 4.3.1. The Third Special Inter-American Conference. general purposes of the amendment -- 4.3.2. The new status of the Inter-American Commission on Human rights -- 4.4. A general view of the system prior to the American Convention on Human Rights -- V THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 5.1. Origins -- 5.2. General contents of the Convention -- 5.2.1. State obligations -- 5.2.2. The rights included in the Convention -- 5.2.3. Restriction of rights -- 5.2.4. Suspension of rights -- 5.2.5. Special rules of interpretation -- 5.2.6. The organs for the promotion and protection of human rights -- 5.3. Ratification or adherence -- 5.4. Reservations -- 5.5. Denunciation -- VI THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 6.1. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in transition -- 6.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the legal basis of its powers after the entry into force of the American Convention -- 6.3. Composition and functioning -- 6.4. The promotional function of the Commission -- 6.5. The protective function of the Commission -- 6.5.1. Some general considerations -- 6.5.2. Legal mechanisms at the disposal of the Commission to perform its protective function -- 6.5.2.1. Fact-finding -- 6.5.2.1.1. Request of information -- 6.5.2.1.2. Communications -- 6.5.2.1.3. Hearings -- 6.5.2.1.4. Observations in loco -- 6.5.2.2. Actions that the Commission may take in the performance of its protective function -- 6.5.2.2.1. Recommendations -- 6.5.2.2.2. Good offices and mediation -- 6.5.2.2.3. Publicity -- 6.5.3. The handling of communications under articles 44 through 51 of the American Convention and article 20 of the Commission's Statute -- 6.5.3.1. Active and passive legitimation -- 6.5.3.2. Admissibility -- 6.5.3.3. Further consideration of the case -- 6.5.3.4. Examination of the merits -- friendly settlement -- 6.5.3.5. The decision. 6.5.4. The examination of the general situation of human rights in a country -- the country reports -- 6.6. The annual reports of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- VII THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS -- 7.1. Origins -- 7.2. The position of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the inter-American system -- 7.3. Composition and functioning -- 7.4. The Court's jurisdiction -- 7.4.1. Contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.1. Procedural requirements to bring a case before the Court -- 7.4.1.2. Standing to bring a case before the Court -- the parties to the case -- 7.4.1.2.1. The states parties to the Convention -- 7.4.1.2.2. The Commission -- the individual -- 7.4.1.2.3. The parties to the case -- 7.4.1.3. Provisional measures -- a type of contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.4. Initial processing and examination of the case -- 7.4.1.5. Final stage of the proceedings -- 7.4.1.6. Enforcement of the Court's judgment -- 7.4.2. Advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.1. Jurisdiction under article 64(1) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.2. Jurisdiction under article 64(2) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.3. Rules of Procedure concerning the Court's advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.3.1. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(1) -- 7.4.2.3.2. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(2) -- VIII THE CASE OF CUBA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The first stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba prior to the exclusion of the Cuban government from participation in the inter-American system -- 8.2.1. The Seventh Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (San Jose de Costa Rica, 22-29 August, 1960) -- 8.2.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 8.2.3. The Inter-American Peace Committee (IAPC) -- 8.3. Expulsion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system. 8.3.1. The Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Punta del Este, Uruguay, January 22-31, 1962) -- 8.3.2. The importance of the Eighth Meeting of Consultation for human rights -- 8.4. The second stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba after the exclusion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system -- 8.4.1. The political organs of the OAS and Cuba -- the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Permanent Council -- 8.4.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its competence with regard to Cuba -- the reaction of the political organs -- 8.4.3. The Commission's activities with regard to Cuba -- 8.4.3.1. Introduction -- 8.4.3.2. The Seventh Report on Cuba -- 8.4.3.2.1. Form and substance -- 8.4.3.2.2. The Report's final conclusions -- 8.4.3.2.3. Subsequent steps -- 8.4.3.3. Last events -- 8.5. Summary -- IX THE CASE OF NICARAGUA -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its first steps to supervise the human rights situation in Nicaragua -- 9.3. The awakening of the political will of the OAS -- 9.3.1. Introduction -- 9.3.2. First international tensions -- 9.3.3. Human rights come to the fore -- 9.4. The Commission steps up its activities concerning Nicaragua -- the Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Nicaragua -- 9.4.1. Introduction -- 9.4.2. The observation in loco -- 9.4.2.1. Preliminary activities -- 9.4.2.2. The visit -- 9.4.3. The Nicaraguan Report -- its substance -- 9.4.4. The observations of the Nicaraguan government -- 9.4.5. Further steps -- 9.5. The Seventeenth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., September 21, 1978-June 23, 1979) -- 9.5.1. Introduction -- 9.5.2. The agenda of the Meeting of Consultation -- a conflict of issue (the September meetings). 9.5.3. The Permanent Council as a subsidiary arena for the consideration of the Nicaraguan situation. |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>11138nam a2200553 i 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">993582910004498</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230331014741.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="006">m o d | </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr un uuuua</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220626s1988 ne a ob 001 0 eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">90-04-47849-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1163/9789004478497</subfield><subfield code="2">DOI</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(CKB)4100000012037808</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)569927254</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(nllekb)BRILL9789004478497</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(MiAaPQ)EBC6737249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(Au-PeEL)EBL6737249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1272998457</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(EXLCZ)994100000012037808</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MiAaPQ</subfield><subfield code="b">eng</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield><subfield code="e">pn</subfield><subfield code="c">MiAaPQ</subfield><subfield code="d">MiAaPQ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="043" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">cl-----</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">JC599.L3</subfield><subfield code="b">.Q576 1988</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">LBBR</subfield><subfield code="2">bicssc</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">LAW</subfield><subfield code="x">051000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">POL</subfield><subfield code="x">035010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">323.49098</subfield><subfield code="2">23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Medina Quiroga, Cecilia,</subfield><subfield code="e">author.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">The battle of human rights :</subfield><subfield code="b">gross, systematic violations and the Inter-American system /</subfield><subfield code="c">Cecilia Medina Quiroga.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Dordrecht, Netherlands ;</subfield><subfield code="a">Boston, Massachusetts :</subfield><subfield code="b">Martinus Nijhoff,</subfield><subfield code="c">[1988]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">©1988</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">International Studies in Human Rights ;</subfield><subfield code="v">11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Published in cooperation with the Netherlands Institute for Social and Economic Law Research."</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- I INTRODUCTION -- II GROSS, SYSTEMATIC VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITION -- 2.1. The United Nations and gross, systematic violations -- the concept of "consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights" -- 2.2. Gross, systematic violations -- a proposal for a definition -- 2.2.1. The meaning of the words -- 2.2.2. The elements -- 2.2.2.1. The element of quantity -- 2.2.2.2. The element of time -- 2.2.2.3. The element of quality -- 2.2.2.3.1. The type of rights being violated -- 2.2.2.3.2. The character of the violation -- 2.2.2.3.3. The status of the victims -- 2.2.2.4. The element of planning -- 2.2.3. The definition -- 2.3. Gross, systematic violations -- the importance of a categorization -- III THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The beginnings of the inter-American system -- a problem of unequal partners -- 3.3. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy as a banner against the Axis Powers -- 3.3.1. The good neighbor policy and solidarity under the threat of war -- 3.3.2. The Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Second World War -- 3.3.3. The Mexico City Conference of 1945 -- preparations for the post-war period -- 3.3.4. Summary of the period -- 3.4. The inter-American system and "foreign totalitarianism" -- democracy and respect for human rights in the struggle against communism -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. The inter-American system and its first Constitution -- the Organization of American States (OAS) -- 3.4.3. Democracy and human rights in the Ninth International Conference of American States -- 3.4.3.1. Recognition of de facto governments.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.4.3.2. Defense and preservation of democracy in America as a containing wall against communism -- 3.4.3.3. The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man -- 3.4.4. Democracy and human rights in the Charter of the OAS -- 3.4.4.1. The principles upon which the OAS was founded -- 3.4.4.2. The principles of democracy and human rights in the Charter -- 3.4.4.2.1. The travaux préparatoires -- 3.4.4.2.2. The provisions and their interpretation -- 3.4.5. Democracy and human rights after the signing of the OAS Charter -- 3.4.5.1. The Fourth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Washington, D.C., March 26-April 7, 1951) -- 3.4.5.2. The Tenth Inter-American Conference (Caracas, Venezuela, March 1-28, 1954) -- 3.4.5.3. The beginning of a new era for the protection of human rights in the Americas -- 3.4.5.3.1. Democracy and the Declaration of Santiago -- 3.4.5.3.2. Human Rights -- 3.5. The Latin American approach: the search for ideological pluralism -- IV THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEM FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRIOR TO THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 4.1. The creation of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 4.1.1. Origins -- 4.1.2. The functions and powers of the original Commission -- 4.1.2.1. Legal basis -- Resolution VIII and the Statute -- 4.1.2.2. The original Commission and individual communications -- the starting point for the broadening of the Commission's powers -- 4.1.2.3. Other activities of the Commission -- 4.2. The broadening of the powers of the Commission at the Second Special Inter-American Conference of 1965 -- 4.2.1. The Conference -- 4.2.2. The new powers of the Commission -- a matter of interpretation -- 4.3. The Commission becomes an organ of the OAS -- the amendment of the OAS Charter -- 4.3.1. The Third Special Inter-American Conference.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">general purposes of the amendment -- 4.3.2. The new status of the Inter-American Commission on Human rights -- 4.4. A general view of the system prior to the American Convention on Human Rights -- V THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 5.1. Origins -- 5.2. General contents of the Convention -- 5.2.1. State obligations -- 5.2.2. The rights included in the Convention -- 5.2.3. Restriction of rights -- 5.2.4. Suspension of rights -- 5.2.5. Special rules of interpretation -- 5.2.6. The organs for the promotion and protection of human rights -- 5.3. Ratification or adherence -- 5.4. Reservations -- 5.5. Denunciation -- VI THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -- 6.1. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in transition -- 6.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the legal basis of its powers after the entry into force of the American Convention -- 6.3. Composition and functioning -- 6.4. The promotional function of the Commission -- 6.5. The protective function of the Commission -- 6.5.1. Some general considerations -- 6.5.2. Legal mechanisms at the disposal of the Commission to perform its protective function -- 6.5.2.1. Fact-finding -- 6.5.2.1.1. Request of information -- 6.5.2.1.2. Communications -- 6.5.2.1.3. Hearings -- 6.5.2.1.4. Observations in loco -- 6.5.2.2. Actions that the Commission may take in the performance of its protective function -- 6.5.2.2.1. Recommendations -- 6.5.2.2.2. Good offices and mediation -- 6.5.2.2.3. Publicity -- 6.5.3. The handling of communications under articles 44 through 51 of the American Convention and article 20 of the Commission's Statute -- 6.5.3.1. Active and passive legitimation -- 6.5.3.2. Admissibility -- 6.5.3.3. Further consideration of the case -- 6.5.3.4. Examination of the merits -- friendly settlement -- 6.5.3.5. The decision.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">6.5.4. The examination of the general situation of human rights in a country -- the country reports -- 6.6. The annual reports of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- VII THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS -- 7.1. Origins -- 7.2. The position of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the inter-American system -- 7.3. Composition and functioning -- 7.4. The Court's jurisdiction -- 7.4.1. Contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.1. Procedural requirements to bring a case before the Court -- 7.4.1.2. Standing to bring a case before the Court -- the parties to the case -- 7.4.1.2.1. The states parties to the Convention -- 7.4.1.2.2. The Commission -- the individual -- 7.4.1.2.3. The parties to the case -- 7.4.1.3. Provisional measures -- a type of contentious jurisdiction -- 7.4.1.4. Initial processing and examination of the case -- 7.4.1.5. Final stage of the proceedings -- 7.4.1.6. Enforcement of the Court's judgment -- 7.4.2. Advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.1. Jurisdiction under article 64(1) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.2. Jurisdiction under article 64(2) of the Convention -- 7.4.2.3. Rules of Procedure concerning the Court's advisory jurisdiction -- 7.4.2.3.1. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(1) -- 7.4.2.3.2. Rules of Procedure concerning article 64(2) -- VIII THE CASE OF CUBA -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The first stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba prior to the exclusion of the Cuban government from participation in the inter-American system -- 8.2.1. The Seventh Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (San Jose de Costa Rica, 22-29 August, 1960) -- 8.2.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights -- 8.2.3. The Inter-American Peace Committee (IAPC) -- 8.3. Expulsion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">8.3.1. The Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Punta del Este, Uruguay, January 22-31, 1962) -- 8.3.2. The importance of the Eighth Meeting of Consultation for human rights -- 8.4. The second stage: Human rights supervision in Cuba after the exclusion of the Cuban government from the inter-American system -- 8.4.1. The political organs of the OAS and Cuba -- the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Permanent Council -- 8.4.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its competence with regard to Cuba -- the reaction of the political organs -- 8.4.3. The Commission's activities with regard to Cuba -- 8.4.3.1. Introduction -- 8.4.3.2. The Seventh Report on Cuba -- 8.4.3.2.1. Form and substance -- 8.4.3.2.2. The Report's final conclusions -- 8.4.3.2.3. Subsequent steps -- 8.4.3.3. Last events -- 8.5. Summary -- IX THE CASE OF NICARAGUA -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and its first steps to supervise the human rights situation in Nicaragua -- 9.3. The awakening of the political will of the OAS -- 9.3.1. 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