Silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors for mm-wave systems : : technology, modeling and circuit applications / / editors, Niccolo Rinaldi, Michael Schroter.

• Superior document: River Publishers series in electronic materials and devices
• TeilnehmendeR: Rinaldi, Niccolo,; Schroter, Michael,
• Place / Publishing House: Gistrup, Denmark ;, Delft, Netherlands : : River Publishers,, 2018.; ©2018
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: River Publishers series in electronic materials and devices.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (378 pages).

The semiconductor industry is a fundamental building block of the new economy, there is no area of modern life untouched by the progress of nanoelectronics. The electronic chip is becomingan ever-increasing portion of system solutions, starting initially from less than 5% in the 1970 microcomputer era, to more than 60% of the final cost of a mobile telephone, 50% of the price of a personal computer (representing nearly 100% of the functionalities) and 30% of the price of a monitor in the early 2000’s.Interest in utilizing the (sub-)mm-wave frequency spectrum for commercial and research applications has also been steadily increasing. Such applications, which constitute a diverse but sizeable future market, span a large variety of areas such as health, material science, mass transit, industrial automation, communications, and space exploration.Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for mm-Wave Systems Technology, Modeling and Circuit Applications provides an overview of results of the DOTSEVEN EU research project, and as such focusses on key material developments for mm-Wave Device Technology. It starts with the motivation at the beginning of the project and a summary of its major achievements. The subsequent chapters provide a detailed description of the obtained research results in the various areas of process development, device simulation, compact device modeling, experimental characterization, reliability, (sub-)mm-wave circuit design and systems.

Table of Contents

Front Cover -- Half Title page -- RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES -- Title Page - Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for mm-Wave Systems: Technology, Modeling and Circuit Applications -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Motivation and Objectives of the DOTSEVEN Project -- Approach toward Achieving the Ambitious Goals -- Overview of Results and Their Impact -- References -- Chapter 1 - SiGe HBT Technology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 HBT Performance Factors -- 1.3 HBT Device and Process Architectures Explored in the DOTSEVEN Project -- 1.3.1 Selective Epitaxial Growth of the Base -- 1.3.1.1 DPSA-SEG device architecture -- 1.3.1.2 Approaches to overcome limitations of the DPSA-SEG architecture -- 1.3.2 Non-selective Epitaxial Growth of the Base -- 1.4 Optimization of the Vertical Doping Profile -- 1.5 Optimization towards 700 GHz fMAX -- 1.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 - Device Simulation -- 2.1 Numerical Simulation -- 2.2 Device Simulation -- 2.2.1 TCAD Device Optimization -- 2.2.2 Deterministic BTE Solvers -- 2.2.3 Drift-diffusion and Hydrodynamic Transport Models -- 2.2.4 Simulation Examples -- 2.2.4.1 DD simulation -- 2.2.4.2 HD simulation -- 2.2.4.3 Effects beyond DD and HD transport -- 2.2.4.4 Comparison with experimental data -- 2.3 Advanced Electro-thermal Simulation -- 2.3.1 Carrier-Phonon System in SiGe HBTs -- 2.3.2 Deterministic and Self-consistent Electrothermal Simulation Approach -- 2.3.3 Hot Phonon Effects in a Calibrated System -- 2.3.4 Thermal Resistance Extraction from the Simulated DC Characteristics -- 2.4 Microscopic Simulation of Hot-carrier Degradation -- 2.4.1 Physics of Hot-carrier Degradation -- 2.4.2 Modeling of Hot-carrier Effects.

2.4.3 Simulation of SiGe HBTs under Stress Conditions Close to the SOA Limit -- References -- Chapter 3 - SiGe HBT Compact Modeling -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Overview of HICUM Level 2 -- 3.3 Modeling of the Quasi-Static Transfer Current -- 3.3.1 Basics of the GICCR -- 3.3.2 SiGe HBT Extensions -- 3.3.3 Temperature Dependence -- 3.4 Charge Storage -- 3.4.1 Critical Current -- 3.4.2 SiGe Heterojunction Barrier -- 3.5 Intra-Device Substrate Coupling -- 3.6 SiGe HBT Parameter Extraction -- 3.6.1 Extraction of Series Resistances -- 3.6.2 Extraction of the Transfer Current Parameters -- 3.6.3 Physics-Based Parameter Scaling -- 3.6.3.1 Standard geometry scaling equation -- 3.6.3.2 Generalized scaling equations -- 3.7 Compact Model Application to Experimental Data -- References -- Chapter 4 - (Sub)mm-wave Calibration -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Multi-mode Propagation and Calibration Transfer at mm-wave -- 4.2.1 Parallel Plate Waveguide Mode -- 4.2.2 Surface Wave Modes: TM0 and TE1 -- 4.2.3 Electrically Thin Substrates -- 4.2.4 Calibration Transfer -- 4.3 Direct On-wafer Calibration -- 4.3.1 Characteristic Impedance Extraction of Transmission Lines -- 4.4 Direct DUT-plane Calibration -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 - Reliability -- 5.1 Mixed-mode Stress Tests -- 5.1.1 Introduction to Hot-Carrier Degradation under MM Stress -- 5.1.2 Long-term MM Stress Characterization on IHP Devices -- 5.1.3 Medium-term MM Stress Characterization on IFX Devices -- 5.2 Long-term Stress Tests -- 5.2.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.2.2 Long-term Degradation Test Results -- 5.2.3 Low-frequency Noise Characterization -- 5.3 Compact Modeling of Hot-Carrier Degradation -- 5.3.1 Empirical Equations by IHP -- 5.3.2 HICUM-based Model -- 5.4 Thermal Effects -- 5.4.1 Experimental RTH Extraction -- 5.4.2 Thermal Simulation -- 5.4.3 Scaling Considerations -- References.

Chapter 6 - Millimeter-wave Circuits and Applications -- 6.1 Millimeter-wave Benchmark Circuits and Building Blocks -- 6.1.1 Benchmark Circuits -- 6.1.2 Circuit Building Blocks -- 6.1.2.1 W-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) with 0.5 V supply voltage -- 6.1.2.2 W-band low-power frequency tripler -- 6.2 Millimeter-wave and Terahertz Systems -- 6.2.1 240 GHz SiGe Chipset -- 6.2.1.1 Wideband LO signal generation -- 6.2.1.2 Transmitter building blocks -- 6.2.1.3 Receiver building blocks -- 6.2.1.4 Antenna design -- 6.2.1.5 Packaging and high-speed PCB design -- 6.2.1.6 Tx and Rx characterization -- 6.2.1.7 Ultra-high data rate wireless communication -- 6.2.2 210-270 GHz Circularly Polarized Radar -- 6.2.3 0.5 THz Computed Tomography -- 6.2.3.1 Components -- 6.2.3.2 Detector design -- 6.2.3.3 THz-CT results -- References -- Chapter 7 - Future of SiGe HBT Technology and Its Applications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Technology Comparison -- 7.3 Future Millimeter-wave and THz Applications -- 7.3.1 Communication -- 7.3.2 Radar -- 7.3.3 Imaging and Sensing -- References -- Index -- About the Editors -- Back Cover.