From Waste to Value : : Valorisation Pathways for Organic Waste Streams in Circular Bioeconomies.

• Superior document: Routledge Studies in Waste Management and Policy Series
• Author: Klitkou, Antje.
• TeilnehmendeR: Fevolden, Arne Martin.; Capasso, Marco.
• Place / Publishing House: Milton : : Taylor & Francis Group,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Routledge Studies in Waste Management and Policy Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (327 pages)

Table of Contents

• Cover
• Half-Title Page
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• List of figures
• List of tables
• Notes on contributors
• Acknowledgements
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Framework
• 1.1.1 Background
• 1.1.2 Defining the concepts - waste valorisation, circularity, sustainable business models and the bioeconomy
• 1.1.3 Methodological approaches
• 1.2 Important themes addressed in the book
• 1.2.1 Circularity across established sectors
• 1.2.2 Regional embedding and geographies of innovation
• 1.2.3 Resource ownership and interfirm governance structures
• 1.2.4 Policy and regulation of waste valorisation
• 1.3 An overview of the book
• References
• Part I: Perspectives on the bioeconomy
• 2 What is the bioeconomy?
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Methodology
• 2.2.1 Bibliometric analysis
• 2.2.2 Literature review
• 2.3 Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on the bioeconomy
• 2.4 Bioeconomy visions
• 2.4.1 The bio-technologyvision
• 2.4.2 The bio-resourcevision
• 2.4.3 The bio-ecologyvision
• 2.5 Findings and concluding remarks
• Appendix A
• Appendix B
• Appendix C
• Note
• References
• 3 Theoretical perspectives on innovation for waste valorisation in the bioeconomy
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The circular bioeconomy
• 3.3 The roles of waste in the bioeconomy
• 3.4 Path dependence and barriers to waste valorisation
• 3.4.1 Path dependence
• 3.4.2 Lock-inmechanisms
• 3.5 Drivers of innovation in waste valorisation
• 3.6 Governance for waste valorisation
• 3.6.1 Directionality through international regulations
• 3.6.2 Directionality through national regulations
• 3.6.3 Directionality through industrial practices
• 3.7 Summary
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Part II: Sector studies
• 4 New path development for forest-based value creation in Norway
• 4.1 Introduction.
• 4.2 Forest-based value creation with a focus on the valorisation of side-streams and residues
• Manufacturing of wooden construction materials and furniture
• Bioenergy production
• Manufacturing of pulp and paper
• Storage and transport of residues
• 4.3 Conceptual framework
• 4.4 Analysis of empirical cases
• 4.4.1 Norske Skog Skogn at Fiborgtangen, Trøndelag
• 4.4.2 Treklyngen in Hønefoss, Buskerud
• 4.4.3 Borregaard in Sarpsborg
• 4.5 Conclusion
• Note
• References
• 5 Mission-oriented innovation in urban governance: setting and solving problems in waste valorisation
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Conceptual framework
• 5.2.1 Mission-orientedinnovation
• 5.2.2 The waste hierarchy and different treatment options for organic waste
• 5.2.3 Valorisation of waste - importance of problem setting
• 5.3 Research methods and data
• 5.4 Valorisation of urban organic waste: the case of Oslo
• 5.5 Analysis: urban waste valorisation as a mission
• 5.5.1 What is the mission given - and to whom?
• 5.5.2 How are missions defined? From problem solving to problem setting
• 5.6 Conclusions
• Note
• References
• 6 Beyond animal feed? The valorisation of brewers' spent grain
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Value creation and sustainable competitive advantage
• 6.3 Methods
• 6.4 Technical options for spent grain use
• 6.5 Overview of current spent grain management
• 6.6 Why don't the breweries invest in alternative options?
• 6.6.1 Current activities
• 6.6.2 Opportunities
• 6.6.3 Barriers
• 6.6.4 Involvement in research and development projects
• 6.7 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 7 Meat processing and animal by-products: industrial dynamics and institutional settings
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Theoretical background and approach
• 7.3 The meat processing and ABP industry
• 7.3.1 Potential value of ABP.
• 7.4 The meat processing and ABP sector
• 7.4.1 Denmark
• 7.4.2 Norway
• 7.5 Regulation of the meat processing and ABP industry
• 7.5.1 Mad cow disease and EU-regulations
• 7.5.2 Market regulations: novel food products and trade barriers
• 7.6 Change in innovative behaviour
• 7.7 Regulative adjustments
• 7.8 Conclusion
• References
• 8 New pathways for organic waste in land-based farming of salmon: the case of Norway and Denmark
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Background
• 8.2.1 Aquaculture trends
• 8.2.2 Salmon production
• 8.2.3 Organic waste in salmon production
• 8.2.4 Environmental regulation and historical innovation in salmon production
• 8.3 Methodology
• 8.4 Findings
• 8.4.1 Current utilisation
• Soil improvement
• Replacement of fossil fuel (biogas)
• Combustible material for heating
• 8.4.2 Challenges with current system
• Waste volumes are expected to increase
• Transport
• Immature technology
• 8.5 Analysis
• 8.5.1 Barriers for new pathways
• Lack of available technology
• Economic priorities
• Resistance to go into new business areas
• Patchwork regulation
• Lack of collaboration
• Co-locationissues
• 8.5.2 Socio-technicaltransition
• Actors
• Capabilities
• Networks
• Infrastructures
• Institutions
• 8.6 Conclusion
• 8.6.1 Overcoming the barriers: key actors
• 8.6.2 Impetus for future waste valorisation pathways
• Notes
• References
• 9 Valorisation of whey: a tale of two Nordic dairies
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Properties and uses of acid whey
• 9.2.1 The properties and composition of acid whey
• 9.2.2 Utilisation of acid whey
• Animal feed
• Biogas
• Bakery
• Whey beverages
• Nutritional products
• Nutrilac®
• 9.2.3 Innovation, commercialisation and technological requirements
• 9.3 The dairy sector in Norway
• 9.3.1 TINE in Norway
• 9.3.2 Utilisation of acid whey in Norway.
• 9.3.3 Utilisation of sweet whey in Norway
• 9.4 The dairy sector in Denmark
• 9.4.1 Arla Foods
• 9.4.2 Utilisation of acid whey in Denmark
• 9.4.3 Utilisation of sweet whey in Denmark
• 9.5 Discussion
• 9.5.1 Drivers of whey valorisation
• 9.5.2 The sustainability of different valorisation pathways
• 9.6 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Part III: Cross-sectoral perspectives
• 10 What knowledge does the bioeconomy build upon?
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Background
• 10.2.1 Knowledge and the bioeconomy
• 10.3 Approach
• 10.3.1 CVs as an analytic lens
• 10.3.2 Data
• 10.3.2.1 Project data
• 10.3.2.2 Researcher data
• 10.4 Empirical findings
• 10.4.1 Organisations and organisational capital
• 10.4.1.1 Norwegian partner entities
• 10.5 Human capital and researchers
• 10.5.1 Researchers
• 10.5.2 Field of science
• 10.5.3 Sectors and seniority
• 10.6 Concluding discussion
• 10.6.1 Limitations
• 10.6.2 Future paths of research
• References
• 11 Actors and innovators in the circular bioeconomy: an integrated empirical approach to studying organic waste stream innovators
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Background
• 11.3 Empirical sections
• 11.3.1 Baseline: R&amp
• D activity in the circular bioeconomy
• 11.3.2 Population frame: establishing the NIoBE inventory of active bioeconomy actors
• 11.3.2.1 Identification strategy of the Norwegian Inventory of Bioeconomy Entities (NIoBE)
• 11.3.2.1.1 Confirmation by activity
• 11.3.2.1.2 Confirmation by existing studies
• 11.3.2.1.3 Confirmation by asociation
• 11.3.2.2 The Norwegian Inventory of Bioeconomy Entities (NIoBE)
• 11.3.3 Mapping of innovation in the Norwegian circular economy
• 11.3.3.1 Approach and population
• 11.3.3.2 Results
• 11.4 Preliminary conclusions
• Note
• References
• Part IV: Policy implications.
• 12 Directionality and diversity: contending policy rationales in the transition towards the bioeconomy
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Conceptual framework
• 12.2.1 Contending visions on the bioeconomy
• 12.3 Materials and methods
• 12.4 Background
• 12.5 Findings
• 12.6 Conclusions and reflections
• References
• 13 Multi-level governance of food waste: comparing Norway, Denmark and Sweden
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Theoretical approach and method
• 13.3 Background
• 13.3.1 Definitions
• 13.3.2 Food waste hierarchy
• 13.3.3 Comparative food waste assessments in Scandinavia
• 13.4 Analysis
• 13.4.1 Food waste governance in Norway
• 13.4.2 Food waste governance in Sweden
• 13.4.3 Food waste governance in Denmark
• 13.4.4 Comparative analysis of governance pathways
• 13.4.5 Comparative analysis from a multi-levelgovernance perspective
• 13.5 Conclusions and policy implications
• Notes
• References
• 14 Life cycle assessment: a governance tool for transition towards a circular bioeconomy?
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Life cycle assessment as results
• 14.2.1 Being good from just performing life cycle assessment
• 14.2.2 Product benchmarking
• 14.2.3 Detailed insights from life cycle assessment as results
• 14.3 Life cycle assessment as method
• 14.3.1 The functional unit
• 14.3.2 Comparability and standardisation
• 14.3.3 Different life cycle assessments for stable systems and systems in change
• 14.3.4 Dividing impacts on several inputs or outputs
• 14.3.5 What data and data for what?
• 14.3.6 From environment-onlyto "holistic" sustainability
• 14.4 Life cycle assessment as a mindset
• 14.4.1 Life cycle thinking and industrial ecology
• 14.4.2 Time, space and connectedness
• 14.4.3 Circularity
• 14.5 The different dimensions of life cycle assessment used in governance
• 14.5.1 Cross-sectoralpolicy development.
• 14.5.2 Pitfalls and possibilities.