The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health : : In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models.
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| Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2015. ©2015. |
| Year of Publication: | 2015 |
| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Language: | English |
| Online Access: | |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource (341 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Preface
- General Introduction
- Digestion and Absorption
- Cells Present in the Intestine
- Role of Microbiota
- Contents
- Part I: Gastrointestinal Digestion Models, General Introduction
- General Introduction
- References
- Chapter 1: Static Digestion Models: General Introduction
- 1.1 Definition of Concepts: Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity
- 1.2 Static Methods
- 1.2.1 Solubility/Dialyzability
- 1.2.2 Digestion Conditions
- 1.3 Applications: Advantages and Disadvantages
- 1.4 Static Versus In Vivo Digestion: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 2: InfoGest Consensus Method
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 The Oral Phase
- 2.3 The Gastric Phase
- 2.4 The Small Intestinal Phase
- 2.5 Practicalities
- 2.6 Sampling
- 2.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 3: Approaches to Static Digestion Models
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Static Models for Protein Hydrolysis
- 3.3 Static Models for Lipid Hydrolysis
- 3.4 Other Static Models
- References
- Chapter 4: Dynamic Digestion Models: General Introduction
- 4.1 Geometry
- 4.2 Physical Forces
- 4.3 Biochemistry
- References
- Chapter 5: The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM)
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Concept of TIM
- 5.3 TIM-1
- 5.4 TinyTIM
- 5.5 Advanced Gastric Compartment (TIM-agc)
- 5.6 The Use of TIM to Study the Bio-accessibility of Nutrients
- 5.7 Protein Quality
- 5.8 Prediction of Glycemic Response
- 5.9 Lipids
- 5.10 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6: Dynamic Gastric Model (DGM)
- 6.1 Origins and Design of the DGM
- 6.2 General Protocol for DGM Experiments
- 6.3 Uses of the DGM
- 6.3.1 Food-Based Research
- 6.3.2 Pharmaceutical-Based Research
- 6.4 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations
- 6.5 Availability of the System
- References
- Chapter 7: Human Gastric Simulator (Riddet Model)
- 7.1 Origins of the HGS.
- 7.2 Model Description
- 7.2.1 Gastric Compartment
- 7.2.2 Gastric Motility
- 7.2.3 Gastric Emptying
- 7.2.4 Gastric Secretions
- 7.2.5 Temperature Control
- 7.3 Analysis of HGS Biomechanical Relevance
- 7.4 Operating Protocol
- 7.4.1 Preparation of a Food Bolus
- 7.4.2 Gastric Processing
- 7.5 Uses of the HGS
- 7.5.1 Role of ACW Activity on Food Digestion
- 7.5.2 Role of Food Material Properties
- 7.6 Advantages and Limitations
- 7.7 Availability of the System
- References
- Chapter 8: The DIDGI® System
- 8.1 Origins and Design of the DIDGI® System
- 8.2 Validation of DIDGI® for the Digestion of Infant Formula
- 8.2.1 Protocol for the In Vitro Dynamic Digestion of Infant Formula Using the DIDGI® System
- 8.2.2 In Vivo Digestion of Infant Formula on Piglets
- 8.2.3 Comparison In Vitro/In Vivo Data
- 8.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations
- 8.4 Conclusion and Prospects
- References
- Part II: General Introduction to Cells, Cell Lines and Cell Culture
- Introduction
- Salt Solutions
- Culture Media
- Medium Quality
- pH and CO2
- Serum Addition
- The Cell Culture Hood
- Cell Culture Terminology (Fig. 1)
- General Cell Culture Protocols
- Trypsinisation and Subculturing of Cells
- Passaging of Cells in Suspension Culture
- Freezing Cells
- The Thawing and Recovery of Cells
- Cell Viability Testing
- Contamination of Cell Cultures
- References
- Chapter 9: Epithelial Cell Models
- General Introduction
- 9.1 Measurement of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER)
- 9.1.1 Basic Protocol
- 9.1.2 Calculating Transepithelial Resistance
- 9.2 Verification of Monolayer Integrity by Lucifer Yellow Flux
- 9.2.1 Basic Protocol
- 9.3 Summary
- References
- Chapter 10: Caco-2 Cell Line
- 10.1 Origin
- 10.2 Features and Mechanisms
- 10.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility.
- 10.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 10.5 General Protocols for Caco-2 Cells
- 10.5.1 General Maintenance
- 10.5.2 Protocol for Polarizing Caco-2 Cells in Tissue Culture Inserts
- 10.5.3 Troubleshooting Guide for Transport Experiments Across Caco-2 Monolayers
- 10.6 Applications
- 10.7 Advantages and Disadvantages
- 10.8 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 11: HT29 Cell Line
- 11.1 Origin
- 11.2 Features and Mechanisms
- 11.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility
- 11.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 11.5 General Protocol for HT29-MTX Cells
- 11.5.1 Cell Maintenance Protocol
- 11.5.2 Experimental Protocol for Test Compounds
- 11.5.2.1 Study of the Mucin-Stimulating Activity
- 11.5.2.2 Evaluation of Transepithelial Absorption by Transwell® Inserts
- 11.6 Experimental Read Out
- 11.6.1 Functionality Studies
- 11.6.2 Transport Studies
- 11.6.3 Microorganisms Survival, Adhesion or Invasion
- 11.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 12: The IPEC-J2 Cell Line
- 12.1 Origin
- 12.2 Special Features/Morphology/Receptors
- 12.3 Stability/Consistency/Reproducibility of the System
- 12.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 12.5 General Protocol
- 12.5.1 Culture Conditions
- 12.5.2 Experimental Readout
- 12.5.3 Sample Preparation
- 12.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13: Co-cultivation of Caco-2 and HT-29MTX
- 13.1 Origin, Features and Mechanisms
- 13.2 Stability/Consistency and Reproducibility
- 13.3 Relevance to the Human In Vivo Situation
- 13.4 General Protocol
- 13.5 Assess Viability
- 13.6 Experimental Readout
- 13.7 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations
- 13.8 Conclusions
- References
- Part III: Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells: General Introduction Iván López-Expósito
- Monocytes and Macrophages
- Dendritic Cells
- Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
- T Lymphocytes or T-Cells
- References
- Chapter 14: THP-1 and U937 Cells
- 14.1 Origin and Some Features of THP-1 and U937 Cells
- 14.2 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility of the System
- 14.3 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 14.4 Other Models with the Same Applicability
- 14.5 General Protocol of Culturing THP-1 Cells
- 14.6 Differentiation of THP-1 and U937 Monocytes into Macrophages
- 14.7 Differentiation of THP-1 and U937 Monocytes into Dendritic Cells
- 14.8 Controls to Test Viability and Performance of the Model
- 14.9 Critical Notes
- 14.10 Read-Out of the System
- References
- Chapter 15: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
- 15.1 Origin
- 15.2 Features and Mechanisms
- 15.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility
- 15.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 15.5 General Protocol
- 15.5.1 Study of Proliferative/Cytotoxic Activity
- 15.5.2 Study of Inflammatory Responses
- 15.6 Assess Viability
- 15.7 Experimental Read Out
- 15.8 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of the System
- 15.9 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 16: PBMC-Derived T Cells
- 16.1 Introduction and Origin
- 16.2 Features and Mechanisms
- 16.3 Applications of T Cell Cultures
- 16.4 General Protocol
- 16.4.1 T Cell Isolation Protocols
- 16.4.2 Indirect Positive Isolation of Human CD4+ T
- 16.4.2.1 Preparation of Cells and Antibodies
- 16.4.2.2 Coating of PBMCs with CD4 Antibody
- 16.4.2.3 Magnetic Beads Washing Procedure
- 16.4.2.4 Separation of T Cells
- 16.4.2.5 Detachment of T Cells from Beads
- 16.5 Assess Viability
- 16.6 Samples
- 16.7 Experimental Readouts
- References
- Chapter 17: Dendritic Cells
- 17.1 Origin
- 17.2 Features and Mechanisms
- 17.2.1 DC Subsets
- 17.2.1.1 Blood DCs
- 17.2.1.2 Mucosal DCs
- 17.2.1.3 Monocyte-Derived DCs
- 17.3 General Protocols
- 17.3.1 DC Cell Lines.
- 17.3.2 Isolating Primary DCs from Blood
- 17.3.3 CD34+-Derived DCs
- 17.3.4 Monocyte-Derived DCs
- 17.4 Asses Viability
- 17.5 Experimental Readout
- 17.5.1 Co-stimulation
- 17.5.2 Cytokine Production
- 17.5.3 Other DC Readouts
- 17.6 In Vitro Studies on Food Bioactives Using DCs (Table 17.3)
- 17.7 Critical Notes
- References
- Chapter 18: Co-culture Caco-2/Immune Cells
- 18.1 Origin, Features and Mechanisms
- 18.2 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 18.2.1 Co-culture Caco-2 and Dendritic Cells
- 18.2.2 Co-culture Caco-2 and B-cells (Raji)
- 18.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility
- 18.4 General Protocol
- 18.4.1 Co-culture of Caco-2/Human Monocyte Derived DCs (Include Contact Dependent Events)
- 18.4.2 Caco-2/Human Monocyte Derived DCs (Soluble Factors)
- 18.4.3 Caco-2/THP-1 (Soluble Factors)
- 18.4.4 Caco-2/PBMCs (Soluble Factors)
- 18.4.5 Caco-2/B Cells
- 18.5 Assess Viability
- 18.6 Experimental Readout
- 18.7 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations
- 18.8 Conclusions
- References
- Part IV: Enteroendocrine Cell Models: General Introduction
- References
- Chapter 19: STC-1 Cells
- 19.1 Origin
- 19.2 Features and Mechanisms
- 19.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility
- 19.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation
- 19.5 General Protocol
- 19.5.1 Cell Maintenance Protocol
- 19.5.2 Experimental Protocol for Test Compounds
- 19.6 Assess Viability
- 19.7 Experimental Read out
- 19.8 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 20: NCI-H716 Cells
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Origin
- 20.3 Features and Mechanisms
- 20.4 Stability/Consistency/Reproducibility
- 20.5 Relevance to the Human L-Cell In Vivo
- 20.6 General Protocol
- 20.6.1 Cell Maintenance Protocol
- 20.6.2 Experimental Protocol for Test Compounds
- 20.7 Assess Viability
- 20.8 Experimental Readout
- 20.9 Conclusions
- References.
- Chapter 21: Murine GLUTag Cells.