The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health : : In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models.

• Author: Verhoeckx, Kitty.
• TeilnehmendeR: Cotter, Paul.; López-Expósito, Iván.; Kleiveland, Charlotte.; Lea, Tor.; Mackie, Alan.; Requena, Teresa.; Swiatecka, Dominika.; Wichers, Harry.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2015.; ©2015.
• Year of Publication: 2015
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (341 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- General Introduction -- Digestion and Absorption -- Cells Present in the Intestine -- Role of Microbiota -- Contents -- Part I: Gastrointestinal Digestion Models, General Introduction -- General Introduction -- References -- Chapter 1: Static Digestion Models: General Introduction -- 1.1 Definition of Concepts: Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity -- 1.2 Static Methods -- 1.2.1 Solubility/Dialyzability -- 1.2.2 Digestion Conditions -- 1.3 Applications: Advantages and Disadvantages -- 1.4 Static Versus In Vivo Digestion: Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: InfoGest Consensus Method -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Oral Phase -- 2.3 The Gastric Phase -- 2.4 The Small Intestinal Phase -- 2.5 Practicalities -- 2.6 Sampling -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Approaches to Static Digestion Models -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Static Models for Protein Hydrolysis -- 3.3 Static Models for Lipid Hydrolysis -- 3.4 Other Static Models -- References -- Chapter 4: Dynamic Digestion Models: General Introduction -- 4.1 Geometry -- 4.2 Physical Forces -- 4.3 Biochemistry -- References -- Chapter 5: The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Concept of TIM -- 5.3 TIM-1 -- 5.4 TinyTIM -- 5.5 Advanced Gastric Compartment (TIM-agc) -- 5.6 The Use of TIM to Study the Bio-accessibility of Nutrients -- 5.7 Protein Quality -- 5.8 Prediction of Glycemic Response -- 5.9 Lipids -- 5.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Dynamic Gastric Model (DGM) -- 6.1 Origins and Design of the DGM -- 6.2 General Protocol for DGM Experiments -- 6.3 Uses of the DGM -- 6.3.1 Food-Based Research -- 6.3.2 Pharmaceutical-Based Research -- 6.4 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations -- 6.5 Availability of the System -- References -- Chapter 7: Human Gastric Simulator (Riddet Model) -- 7.1 Origins of the HGS.

7.2 Model Description -- 7.2.1 Gastric Compartment -- 7.2.2 Gastric Motility -- 7.2.3 Gastric Emptying -- 7.2.4 Gastric Secretions -- 7.2.5 Temperature Control -- 7.3 Analysis of HGS Biomechanical Relevance -- 7.4 Operating Protocol -- 7.4.1 Preparation of a Food Bolus -- 7.4.2 Gastric Processing -- 7.5 Uses of the HGS -- 7.5.1 Role of ACW Activity on Food Digestion -- 7.5.2 Role of Food Material Properties -- 7.6 Advantages and Limitations -- 7.7 Availability of the System -- References -- Chapter 8: The DIDGI® System -- 8.1 Origins and Design of the DIDGI® System -- 8.2 Validation of DIDGI® for the Digestion of Infant Formula -- 8.2.1 Protocol for the In Vitro Dynamic Digestion of Infant Formula Using the DIDGI® System -- 8.2.2 In Vivo Digestion of Infant Formula on Piglets -- 8.2.3 Comparison In Vitro/In Vivo Data -- 8.3 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations -- 8.4 Conclusion and Prospects -- References -- Part II: General Introduction to Cells, Cell Lines and Cell Culture -- Introduction -- Salt Solutions -- Culture Media -- Medium Quality -- pH and CO2 -- Serum Addition -- The Cell Culture Hood -- Cell Culture Terminology (Fig. 1) -- General Cell Culture Protocols -- Trypsinisation and Subculturing of Cells -- Passaging of Cells in Suspension Culture -- Freezing Cells -- The Thawing and Recovery of Cells -- Cell Viability Testing -- Contamination of Cell Cultures -- References -- Chapter 9: Epithelial Cell Models -- General Introduction -- 9.1 Measurement of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) -- 9.1.1 Basic Protocol -- 9.1.2 Calculating Transepithelial Resistance -- 9.2 Verification of Monolayer Integrity by Lucifer Yellow Flux -- 9.2.1 Basic Protocol -- 9.3 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Caco-2 Cell Line -- 10.1 Origin -- 10.2 Features and Mechanisms -- 10.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility.

10.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 10.5 General Protocols for Caco-2 Cells -- 10.5.1 General Maintenance -- 10.5.2 Protocol for Polarizing Caco-2 Cells in Tissue Culture Inserts -- 10.5.3 Troubleshooting Guide for Transport Experiments Across Caco-2 Monolayers -- 10.6 Applications -- 10.7 Advantages and Disadvantages -- 10.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: HT29 Cell Line -- 11.1 Origin -- 11.2 Features and Mechanisms -- 11.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility -- 11.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 11.5 General Protocol for HT29-MTX Cells -- 11.5.1 Cell Maintenance Protocol -- 11.5.2 Experimental Protocol for Test Compounds -- 11.5.2.1 Study of the Mucin-Stimulating Activity -- 11.5.2.2 Evaluation of Transepithelial Absorption by Transwell® Inserts -- 11.6 Experimental Read Out -- 11.6.1 Functionality Studies -- 11.6.2 Transport Studies -- 11.6.3 Microorganisms Survival, Adhesion or Invasion -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: The IPEC-J2 Cell Line -- 12.1 Origin -- 12.2 Special Features/Morphology/Receptors -- 12.3 Stability/Consistency/Reproducibility of the System -- 12.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 12.5 General Protocol -- 12.5.1 Culture Conditions -- 12.5.2 Experimental Readout -- 12.5.3 Sample Preparation -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Co-cultivation of Caco-2 and HT-29MTX -- 13.1 Origin, Features and Mechanisms -- 13.2 Stability/Consistency and Reproducibility -- 13.3 Relevance to the Human In Vivo Situation -- 13.4 General Protocol -- 13.5 Assess Viability -- 13.6 Experimental Readout -- 13.7 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations -- 13.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells: General Introduction Iván López-Expósito -- Monocytes and Macrophages -- Dendritic Cells -- Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

T Lymphocytes or T-Cells -- References -- Chapter 14: THP-1 and U937 Cells -- 14.1 Origin and Some Features of THP-1 and U937 Cells -- 14.2 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility of the System -- 14.3 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 14.4 Other Models with the Same Applicability -- 14.5 General Protocol of Culturing THP-1 Cells -- 14.6 Differentiation of THP-1 and U937 Monocytes into Macrophages -- 14.7 Differentiation of THP-1 and U937 Monocytes into Dendritic Cells -- 14.8 Controls to Test Viability and Performance of the Model -- 14.9 Critical Notes -- 14.10 Read-Out of the System -- References -- Chapter 15: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells -- 15.1 Origin -- 15.2 Features and Mechanisms -- 15.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility -- 15.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 15.5 General Protocol -- 15.5.1 Study of Proliferative/Cytotoxic Activity -- 15.5.2 Study of Inflammatory Responses -- 15.6 Assess Viability -- 15.7 Experimental Read Out -- 15.8 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of the System -- 15.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: PBMC-Derived T Cells -- 16.1 Introduction and Origin -- 16.2 Features and Mechanisms -- 16.3 Applications of T Cell Cultures -- 16.4 General Protocol -- 16.4.1 T Cell Isolation Protocols -- 16.4.2 Indirect Positive Isolation of Human CD4+ T -- 16.4.2.1 Preparation of Cells and Antibodies -- 16.4.2.2 Coating of PBMCs with CD4 Antibody -- 16.4.2.3 Magnetic Beads Washing Procedure -- 16.4.2.4 Separation of T Cells -- 16.4.2.5 Detachment of T Cells from Beads -- 16.5 Assess Viability -- 16.6 Samples -- 16.7 Experimental Readouts -- References -- Chapter 17: Dendritic Cells -- 17.1 Origin -- 17.2 Features and Mechanisms -- 17.2.1 DC Subsets -- 17.2.1.1 Blood DCs -- 17.2.1.2 Mucosal DCs -- 17.2.1.3 Monocyte-Derived DCs -- 17.3 General Protocols -- 17.3.1 DC Cell Lines.

17.3.2 Isolating Primary DCs from Blood -- 17.3.3 CD34+-Derived DCs -- 17.3.4 Monocyte-Derived DCs -- 17.4 Asses Viability -- 17.5 Experimental Readout -- 17.5.1 Co-stimulation -- 17.5.2 Cytokine Production -- 17.5.3 Other DC Readouts -- 17.6 In Vitro Studies on Food Bioactives Using DCs (Table 17.3) -- 17.7 Critical Notes -- References -- Chapter 18: Co-culture Caco-2/Immune Cells -- 18.1 Origin, Features and Mechanisms -- 18.2 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 18.2.1 Co-culture Caco-2 and Dendritic Cells -- 18.2.2 Co-culture Caco-2 and B-cells (Raji) -- 18.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility -- 18.4 General Protocol -- 18.4.1 Co-culture of Caco-2/Human Monocyte Derived DCs (Include Contact Dependent Events) -- 18.4.2 Caco-2/Human Monocyte Derived DCs (Soluble Factors) -- 18.4.3 Caco-2/THP-1 (Soluble Factors) -- 18.4.4 Caco-2/PBMCs (Soluble Factors) -- 18.4.5 Caco-2/B Cells -- 18.5 Assess Viability -- 18.6 Experimental Readout -- 18.7 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations -- 18.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Enteroendocrine Cell Models: General Introduction -- References -- Chapter 19: STC-1 Cells -- 19.1 Origin -- 19.2 Features and Mechanisms -- 19.3 Stability, Consistency and Reproducibility -- 19.4 Relevance to Human In Vivo Situation -- 19.5 General Protocol -- 19.5.1 Cell Maintenance Protocol -- 19.5.2 Experimental Protocol for Test Compounds -- 19.6 Assess Viability -- 19.7 Experimental Read out -- 19.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 20: NCI-H716 Cells -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Origin -- 20.3 Features and Mechanisms -- 20.4 Stability/Consistency/Reproducibility -- 20.5 Relevance to the Human L-Cell In Vivo -- 20.6 General Protocol -- 20.6.1 Cell Maintenance Protocol -- 20.6.2 Experimental Protocol for Test Compounds -- 20.7 Assess Viability -- 20.8 Experimental Readout -- 20.9 Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 21: Murine GLUTag Cells.