Snow Sports Trauma and Safety : : Conference Proceedings of the International Society for Skiing Safety: 21st Volume.

• Author: Scher, Irving S.
• TeilnehmendeR: Greenwald, Richard M.; Petrone, Nicola.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2017.; ©2017.
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (204 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Peer Review Policy -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Epidemiology and Injury Assessment -- Injury Trends in Recreational Skiers and Boarders in the 16-Year Period 1996-2012 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Injury-Related Factors -- 3.2 Skier-Related Factors -- 3.3 Equipment-Related Factors -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- New Zealand Snow Sports Injury Trends Over Five Winter Seasons 2010-2014 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Limitations -- References -- Skiing and Snowboarding in Switzerland: Trends in Injury and Fatality Rates Over Time -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Study Limitations -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- The Utility of Two National Injury Databases to Evaluate Snow-Sports Injuries in New Zealand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Aims -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- A Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT2) for Use in Snowsports: Can the Balance Component of the Tool Be Improved? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Materials/Methods -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Part II: Ski Bindings -- Interactions of Tech Bindings with AT Boot Toe Inserts: Part I, Binding Toe-Piece Mechanics -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Alpine Touring Bindings -- 1.2 The State of Alpine Touring Equipment -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Boot Measurements -- 2.2 Binding Measurements -- 2.3 Release Torque Measurements -- 2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 2.4.1 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Analysis -- 2.4.2 Relative Contribution of Regressors to MLR Models -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Boots -- 3.2 Bindings -- 3.3 Boot-Binding Compressive Force -- 3.4 Twisting Release Torque: Toe Piece Only -- 3.5 Predicting Release Torque from Boot-Binding Constraints.

4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- A. Appendix -- References -- Interactions of Tech Bindings with AT Boot Toe Inserts: Part II Binding in Skiing Mode -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Analysis -- 2.2 Relative Contribution of Regressors to MLR Models -- 2.3 MLR Coefficients -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Release Torque -- 3.2 Predicting Release Torque from Boot-Binding Constraints -- 3.3 Binding Sensitivity to Boot-Binding Features -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix A: Statistical Tables -- References -- Special Design of Ski Plates May Improve Skiing Safety -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Forward Release -- 3.2 Torsion Release -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Self-Release of Ski Bindings: A Sex Comparison -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Method -- 2.1 Subjects -- 2.2 Study Protocol -- 2.3 Ski Binding Adjustment -- 2.4 Isometric Leg Strength Test -- 2.5 Self-Release Test -- 3 Statistics -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Part III: Impact Injury Mitigation -- Computer Simulation of the Skier-Flex Pole Impact in Slalom -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Finite Element Modeling and Simulation -- 2.2 Impulse and Speed Loss -- 2.3 Time Loss -- 2.4 Pole Deflection -- 2.5 Pole Damage Speed -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Effect of Skier and Pole Parameters on Impulse -- 3.2 Effect of Pole Diameter and Wall Thickness on Speed and Time Loss -- 3.3 Effect of Pole Diameter and Wall Thickness on Pole Deflection and Pole Damage Speed -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Limitations -- References -- Sagittal Plane Helmet Acceleration at Pole Contact of Alpine Ski Racers is Dependent on Slalom Pole Type and Skill Level -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Acceleration -- 1.2 Poles and Training Aids -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Subjects -- 2.2 Courses -- 2.2.1 Pole Type Used During Each Testing -- 2.2.2 Timing -- 2.2.3 Acceleration.

2.2.4 Skier Perception -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Time -- 3.1.1 Reliability Between Runs of Same Pole Type (Within Skier) -- 3.2 Perception -- 3.2.1 Questionnaire Results (Table 3) -- 3.3 Acceleration -- 3.3.1 Mean Acceleration Skilled vs. Less Skilled -- 3.4 Peak Acceleration -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Possible Explanations -- 4.1.1 Physical Contact with the Pole -- 4.1.2 Anticipatory Postural Control -- 4.1.3 Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex -- 4.1.4 Psychological Factors -- 4.1.5 Ski Pressure Management -- 4.1.6 Movement Decision Under Risk -- 4.2 What Does It Mean for Safety? -- References -- Auxetic Foam for Snow-Sport Safety Devices -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Auxetic Foam -- 2 Objective -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Body Armour -- 3.2 Crash Pad -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Body Armour -- 4.2 Crash Barrier -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Part IV: Skier Behavior -- Recorded Speed on Alpine Slopes: How to Interpret Skier's Perception of Their Speed? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective -- 3 Materials/Methods -- 3.1 First Investigation: Evaluation of the Factors Not Related to the Perception of the User -- 3.2 Second Investigation: Combining the Identified Factors with Perception of the User -- 3.3 Data Analysis -- 4 Results -- 4.1 First Investigation: Evaluation of the Factors Not Related to User's Perception -- 4.2 Second Investigation: Interpretation of the Skiers' Estimation of Their Own Speed -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Factor Best Explaining Skiing Speed -- 5.2 Interpretation of the Skier's Estimation of Their Own Speed -- 5.3 Limitations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Snowsport Instructors: Their Actual Maximum Speeds, Their Estimation of Maximum Speed and Speed in Slow Zones, and Their Knowledge of Helmet Effectiveness -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Respondents: Demographics, Serious Injuries, and Risk Awareness -- 3.2 Duration, Distance Travelled, and Maximum Speeds.

3.3 Slow Zone Recommendations -- 3.4 Helmet Effectiveness -- 3.5 Characteristics of Helmet Wearers Vs. Non-Helmet Wearers -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Limitations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Factors Associated with Alcohol Intake in Mountain Top Huts Among Slope Tourers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Statistical Analysis -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- References -- To What Extent Do Attitudes Regarding Ski Helmets Change After a Period of Utilization? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Study Design -- 2.2 Subjects -- 2.3 Questionnaire -- 2.4 Statistics -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- References.