Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States.
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Superior document: | Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.231 |
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Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2014. ©2014. |
Year of Publication: | 2014 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
Series: | Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series
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Physical Description: | 1 online resource (282 pages) |
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Giesy, John P. Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. 1st ed. Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2014. ©2014. 1 online resource (282 pages) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; v.231 Intro -- Special Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Ecological Risk Assessment of the Uses of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos, in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses and Properties of Chlorpyrifos -- 3 Fate of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 4 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 5 Risks of Chlorpyrifos to Aquatic Organisms -- 6 Risks of Chlorpyrifos to Birds -- 7 Risks to Pollinators -- References -- Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.1 Properties Affecting Fate in Air and Long-Range Transport -- 2.2 Properties Affecting Fate in Soil, Water, and Sediment -- 3 Toxicity of CPY -- 3.1 Mechanism of Action -- 3.2 Interactions with Other Pesticides -- 4 Use of Chlorpyrifos and Its Formulations -- 4.1 Formulations of Chlorpyrifos -- 4.2 Environmental Precautions -- 4.3 Use of Chlorpyrifos in U.S. Field Crops -- 4.4 Timing of the Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Summary -- References -- Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fate in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.2 Model of Long Range Transport and Characteristic Travel Distance -- 2.3 Formation and Fate of Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.4 Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 3 Fate in Water -- 4 Fate in Soils and Sediments -- 5 Fate in Organisms -- 6 Assessment of Chlorpyrifos as a POP or PBT -- 7 Summary -- References -- Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Distribution of Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 1.2 Environmental Fate Properties. 2 Measurements of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 2.2 Chlorpyrifos in Sediment -- 2.3 Chlorpyrifos Marine Monitoring Data -- 2.4 Occurrence of Chlorpyrifos Oxon -- 2.5 Exposures in Relation to Changes in Use-Pattern -- 3 Modeling of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 3.1 Selection and Justification of the Models -- 3.2 Chemical Input Parameter Values, Source, and Rationale -- 3.3 Selection of Exposure Scenarios -- 3.4 Watershed Scenarios -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Summary -- References -- Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation for Risk Assessment -- 2.1 Exposures to Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2.1 Sublethal Effects on Aquatic Animals -- 2.2.2 Toxicity of CPY and Temporality of Exposures -- 2.3 Protection Goals and Assessment Endpoints -- 2.4 Conceptual Models of Effects -- 2.5 Analysis Plan -- 3 Characterization of Effects -- 3.1 Evaluation and Selection of Data -- 3.2 Species Sensitivity Distributions -- 3.3 Ecotoxicological Profiles by Taxon -- 3.4 Evidence from Microcosms and Mesocosms -- 3.5 Reports of Field Incidents in U.S. Surface Waters -- 4 Characterization of Risks -- 4.1 Risks from Measured Exposures -- 4.2 Risks from Modeled Exposures to CPY -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Summary -- References -- Refined Avian Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Patterns of Use -- 2.2 Formulations -- 2.3 Metabolites of CPY in the Environment -- 2.4 Routes of Exposure for Birds in Terrestrial Environments -- 2.5 Toxicity and Mode of Action -- 2.6 Conceptual Model -- 2.7 Focal Species -- 2.8 Exposure Scenarios -- 2.9 Analysis Plan -- 3 Exposure Assessment for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 3.1 Rationale for Developing LiquidPARAM. 3.2 Description of the Structure of the LiquidPARAM Model -- 4 Exposure Assessment for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Effects Assessment -- 5.1 Acute Toxicity Studies -- 5.2 Chronic Toxicity Studies -- 5.3 Derivation of Effects Metrics -- 5.4 Influence of Dietary Matrix on Acute Toxicity -- 5.5 Chronic NOEL and LOEL -- 6 Risk Characterization for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 6.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.2 Modeled Chronic Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.3 Results of Field Studies for Flowable CPY -- 6.4 Discussion of Avian Risks for Flowable CPY -- 6.5 Strengths of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 6.6 Uncertainties of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 7 Risk Characterization for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 7.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Granular CPY -- 7.2 Results of Field Studies for Granular CPY -- 7.3 Strengths of the Refined Assessment for Granular CPY -- 7.4 Uncertainties in the Refined Risk Assessment for Granular CPY -- 8 Summary -- References -- Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Use Patterns of Chlorpyrifos: Pollinator Considerations -- 2.2 Scope of the Assessment -- 2.3 Conceptual Model -- 2.4 Endpoints -- 2.5 Sources of Information -- 2.6 Risk Assessment Approach -- 3 Characterization of Exposures -- 3.1 General Physical and Chemical Properties and Fate -- 3.2 General Fate in Insects -- 3.3 Tier-1 Characterizations of Exposure -- 3.4 Tier-2 Characterization of Exposure -- 3.5 Other Potential Routes of Exposure -- 4 Toxicity of CPY to Pollinators -- 4.1 Tier-1 Tests of Effects -- 4.2 Tier-2 Tests of Effects -- 4.3 Tier-3 Field Tests -- 4.4 Other Studies on the Effects of CPY -- 5 Characterization of Risk of CPY to Pollinators -- 5.1 Estimates of Risk to Honey Bees -- 5.2 Estimates of Risk to Non-Apis Pollinators. 5.3 Strengths and Uncertainties -- 6 Summary -- References -- Index. Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. Electronic books. Solomon, Keith R. Print version: Giesy, John P. Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2014 9783319038643 ProQuest (Firm) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oeawat/detail.action?docID=6367905 Click to View |
language |
English |
format |
eBook |
author |
Giesy, John P. |
spellingShingle |
Giesy, John P. Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; Intro -- Special Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Ecological Risk Assessment of the Uses of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos, in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses and Properties of Chlorpyrifos -- 3 Fate of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 4 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 5 Risks of Chlorpyrifos to Aquatic Organisms -- 6 Risks of Chlorpyrifos to Birds -- 7 Risks to Pollinators -- References -- Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.1 Properties Affecting Fate in Air and Long-Range Transport -- 2.2 Properties Affecting Fate in Soil, Water, and Sediment -- 3 Toxicity of CPY -- 3.1 Mechanism of Action -- 3.2 Interactions with Other Pesticides -- 4 Use of Chlorpyrifos and Its Formulations -- 4.1 Formulations of Chlorpyrifos -- 4.2 Environmental Precautions -- 4.3 Use of Chlorpyrifos in U.S. Field Crops -- 4.4 Timing of the Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Summary -- References -- Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fate in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.2 Model of Long Range Transport and Characteristic Travel Distance -- 2.3 Formation and Fate of Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.4 Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 3 Fate in Water -- 4 Fate in Soils and Sediments -- 5 Fate in Organisms -- 6 Assessment of Chlorpyrifos as a POP or PBT -- 7 Summary -- References -- Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Distribution of Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 1.2 Environmental Fate Properties. 2 Measurements of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 2.2 Chlorpyrifos in Sediment -- 2.3 Chlorpyrifos Marine Monitoring Data -- 2.4 Occurrence of Chlorpyrifos Oxon -- 2.5 Exposures in Relation to Changes in Use-Pattern -- 3 Modeling of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 3.1 Selection and Justification of the Models -- 3.2 Chemical Input Parameter Values, Source, and Rationale -- 3.3 Selection of Exposure Scenarios -- 3.4 Watershed Scenarios -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Summary -- References -- Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation for Risk Assessment -- 2.1 Exposures to Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2.1 Sublethal Effects on Aquatic Animals -- 2.2.2 Toxicity of CPY and Temporality of Exposures -- 2.3 Protection Goals and Assessment Endpoints -- 2.4 Conceptual Models of Effects -- 2.5 Analysis Plan -- 3 Characterization of Effects -- 3.1 Evaluation and Selection of Data -- 3.2 Species Sensitivity Distributions -- 3.3 Ecotoxicological Profiles by Taxon -- 3.4 Evidence from Microcosms and Mesocosms -- 3.5 Reports of Field Incidents in U.S. Surface Waters -- 4 Characterization of Risks -- 4.1 Risks from Measured Exposures -- 4.2 Risks from Modeled Exposures to CPY -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Summary -- References -- Refined Avian Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Patterns of Use -- 2.2 Formulations -- 2.3 Metabolites of CPY in the Environment -- 2.4 Routes of Exposure for Birds in Terrestrial Environments -- 2.5 Toxicity and Mode of Action -- 2.6 Conceptual Model -- 2.7 Focal Species -- 2.8 Exposure Scenarios -- 2.9 Analysis Plan -- 3 Exposure Assessment for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 3.1 Rationale for Developing LiquidPARAM. 3.2 Description of the Structure of the LiquidPARAM Model -- 4 Exposure Assessment for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Effects Assessment -- 5.1 Acute Toxicity Studies -- 5.2 Chronic Toxicity Studies -- 5.3 Derivation of Effects Metrics -- 5.4 Influence of Dietary Matrix on Acute Toxicity -- 5.5 Chronic NOEL and LOEL -- 6 Risk Characterization for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 6.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.2 Modeled Chronic Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.3 Results of Field Studies for Flowable CPY -- 6.4 Discussion of Avian Risks for Flowable CPY -- 6.5 Strengths of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 6.6 Uncertainties of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 7 Risk Characterization for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 7.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Granular CPY -- 7.2 Results of Field Studies for Granular CPY -- 7.3 Strengths of the Refined Assessment for Granular CPY -- 7.4 Uncertainties in the Refined Risk Assessment for Granular CPY -- 8 Summary -- References -- Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Use Patterns of Chlorpyrifos: Pollinator Considerations -- 2.2 Scope of the Assessment -- 2.3 Conceptual Model -- 2.4 Endpoints -- 2.5 Sources of Information -- 2.6 Risk Assessment Approach -- 3 Characterization of Exposures -- 3.1 General Physical and Chemical Properties and Fate -- 3.2 General Fate in Insects -- 3.3 Tier-1 Characterizations of Exposure -- 3.4 Tier-2 Characterization of Exposure -- 3.5 Other Potential Routes of Exposure -- 4 Toxicity of CPY to Pollinators -- 4.1 Tier-1 Tests of Effects -- 4.2 Tier-2 Tests of Effects -- 4.3 Tier-3 Field Tests -- 4.4 Other Studies on the Effects of CPY -- 5 Characterization of Risk of CPY to Pollinators -- 5.1 Estimates of Risk to Honey Bees -- 5.2 Estimates of Risk to Non-Apis Pollinators. 5.3 Strengths and Uncertainties -- 6 Summary -- References -- Index. |
author_facet |
Giesy, John P. Solomon, Keith R. |
author_variant |
j p g jp jpg |
author2 |
Solomon, Keith R. |
author2_variant |
k r s kr krs |
author2_role |
TeilnehmendeR |
author_sort |
Giesy, John P. |
title |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
title_full |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
title_fullStr |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
title_auth |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
title_new |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
title_sort |
ecological risk assessment for chlorpyrifos in terrestrial and aquatic systems in the united states. |
series |
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; |
series2 |
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series ; |
publisher |
Springer International Publishing AG, |
publishDate |
2014 |
physical |
1 online resource (282 pages) |
edition |
1st ed. |
contents |
Intro -- Special Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Ecological Risk Assessment of the Uses of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos, in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Uses and Properties of Chlorpyrifos -- 3 Fate of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 4 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 5 Risks of Chlorpyrifos to Aquatic Organisms -- 6 Risks of Chlorpyrifos to Birds -- 7 Risks to Pollinators -- References -- Properties and Uses of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.1 Properties Affecting Fate in Air and Long-Range Transport -- 2.2 Properties Affecting Fate in Soil, Water, and Sediment -- 3 Toxicity of CPY -- 3.1 Mechanism of Action -- 3.2 Interactions with Other Pesticides -- 4 Use of Chlorpyrifos and Its Formulations -- 4.1 Formulations of Chlorpyrifos -- 4.2 Environmental Precautions -- 4.3 Use of Chlorpyrifos in U.S. Field Crops -- 4.4 Timing of the Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Summary -- References -- Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fate in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.2 Model of Long Range Transport and Characteristic Travel Distance -- 2.3 Formation and Fate of Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.4 Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 3 Fate in Water -- 4 Fate in Soils and Sediments -- 5 Fate in Organisms -- 6 Assessment of Chlorpyrifos as a POP or PBT -- 7 Summary -- References -- Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Distribution of Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 1.2 Environmental Fate Properties. 2 Measurements of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 2.2 Chlorpyrifos in Sediment -- 2.3 Chlorpyrifos Marine Monitoring Data -- 2.4 Occurrence of Chlorpyrifos Oxon -- 2.5 Exposures in Relation to Changes in Use-Pattern -- 3 Modeling of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 3.1 Selection and Justification of the Models -- 3.2 Chemical Input Parameter Values, Source, and Rationale -- 3.3 Selection of Exposure Scenarios -- 3.4 Watershed Scenarios -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Summary -- References -- Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation for Risk Assessment -- 2.1 Exposures to Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2.1 Sublethal Effects on Aquatic Animals -- 2.2.2 Toxicity of CPY and Temporality of Exposures -- 2.3 Protection Goals and Assessment Endpoints -- 2.4 Conceptual Models of Effects -- 2.5 Analysis Plan -- 3 Characterization of Effects -- 3.1 Evaluation and Selection of Data -- 3.2 Species Sensitivity Distributions -- 3.3 Ecotoxicological Profiles by Taxon -- 3.4 Evidence from Microcosms and Mesocosms -- 3.5 Reports of Field Incidents in U.S. Surface Waters -- 4 Characterization of Risks -- 4.1 Risks from Measured Exposures -- 4.2 Risks from Modeled Exposures to CPY -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Summary -- References -- Refined Avian Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Patterns of Use -- 2.2 Formulations -- 2.3 Metabolites of CPY in the Environment -- 2.4 Routes of Exposure for Birds in Terrestrial Environments -- 2.5 Toxicity and Mode of Action -- 2.6 Conceptual Model -- 2.7 Focal Species -- 2.8 Exposure Scenarios -- 2.9 Analysis Plan -- 3 Exposure Assessment for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 3.1 Rationale for Developing LiquidPARAM. 3.2 Description of the Structure of the LiquidPARAM Model -- 4 Exposure Assessment for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Effects Assessment -- 5.1 Acute Toxicity Studies -- 5.2 Chronic Toxicity Studies -- 5.3 Derivation of Effects Metrics -- 5.4 Influence of Dietary Matrix on Acute Toxicity -- 5.5 Chronic NOEL and LOEL -- 6 Risk Characterization for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 6.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.2 Modeled Chronic Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.3 Results of Field Studies for Flowable CPY -- 6.4 Discussion of Avian Risks for Flowable CPY -- 6.5 Strengths of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 6.6 Uncertainties of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 7 Risk Characterization for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 7.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Granular CPY -- 7.2 Results of Field Studies for Granular CPY -- 7.3 Strengths of the Refined Assessment for Granular CPY -- 7.4 Uncertainties in the Refined Risk Assessment for Granular CPY -- 8 Summary -- References -- Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Use Patterns of Chlorpyrifos: Pollinator Considerations -- 2.2 Scope of the Assessment -- 2.3 Conceptual Model -- 2.4 Endpoints -- 2.5 Sources of Information -- 2.6 Risk Assessment Approach -- 3 Characterization of Exposures -- 3.1 General Physical and Chemical Properties and Fate -- 3.2 General Fate in Insects -- 3.3 Tier-1 Characterizations of Exposure -- 3.4 Tier-2 Characterization of Exposure -- 3.5 Other Potential Routes of Exposure -- 4 Toxicity of CPY to Pollinators -- 4.1 Tier-1 Tests of Effects -- 4.2 Tier-2 Tests of Effects -- 4.3 Tier-3 Field Tests -- 4.4 Other Studies on the Effects of CPY -- 5 Characterization of Risk of CPY to Pollinators -- 5.1 Estimates of Risk to Honey Bees -- 5.2 Estimates of Risk to Non-Apis Pollinators. 5.3 Strengths and Uncertainties -- 6 Summary -- References -- Index. |
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9783319038650 9783319038643 |
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Electronic books. |
genre_facet |
Electronic books. |
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https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oeawat/detail.action?docID=6367905 |
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Not Illustrated |
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300 - Social sciences |
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360 - Social problems & social services |
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363 - Other social problems & services |
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881306254 |
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Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States. |
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Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fate in the Atmosphere and Long-Range Transport -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.2 Model of Long Range Transport and Characteristic Travel Distance -- 2.3 Formation and Fate of Chlorpyrifos-Oxon -- 2.4 Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon -- 3 Fate in Water -- 4 Fate in Soils and Sediments -- 5 Fate in Organisms -- 6 Assessment of Chlorpyrifos as a POP or PBT -- 7 Summary -- References -- Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Distribution of Use of Chlorpyrifos -- 1.2 Environmental Fate Properties.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2 Measurements of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 2.1 Chlorpyrifos in Surface Water -- 2.2 Chlorpyrifos in Sediment -- 2.3 Chlorpyrifos Marine Monitoring Data -- 2.4 Occurrence of Chlorpyrifos Oxon -- 2.5 Exposures in Relation to Changes in Use-Pattern -- 3 Modeling of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Environments -- 3.1 Selection and Justification of the Models -- 3.2 Chemical Input Parameter Values, Source, and Rationale -- 3.3 Selection of Exposure Scenarios -- 3.4 Watershed Scenarios -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Summary -- References -- Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation for Risk Assessment -- 2.1 Exposures to Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2 Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos -- 2.2.1 Sublethal Effects on Aquatic Animals -- 2.2.2 Toxicity of CPY and Temporality of Exposures -- 2.3 Protection Goals and Assessment Endpoints -- 2.4 Conceptual Models of Effects -- 2.5 Analysis Plan -- 3 Characterization of Effects -- 3.1 Evaluation and Selection of Data -- 3.2 Species Sensitivity Distributions -- 3.3 Ecotoxicological Profiles by Taxon -- 3.4 Evidence from Microcosms and Mesocosms -- 3.5 Reports of Field Incidents in U.S. Surface Waters -- 4 Characterization of Risks -- 4.1 Risks from Measured Exposures -- 4.2 Risks from Modeled Exposures to CPY -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Summary -- References -- Refined Avian Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Patterns of Use -- 2.2 Formulations -- 2.3 Metabolites of CPY in the Environment -- 2.4 Routes of Exposure for Birds in Terrestrial Environments -- 2.5 Toxicity and Mode of Action -- 2.6 Conceptual Model -- 2.7 Focal Species -- 2.8 Exposure Scenarios -- 2.9 Analysis Plan -- 3 Exposure Assessment for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 3.1 Rationale for Developing LiquidPARAM.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.2 Description of the Structure of the LiquidPARAM Model -- 4 Exposure Assessment for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 5 Effects Assessment -- 5.1 Acute Toxicity Studies -- 5.2 Chronic Toxicity Studies -- 5.3 Derivation of Effects Metrics -- 5.4 Influence of Dietary Matrix on Acute Toxicity -- 5.5 Chronic NOEL and LOEL -- 6 Risk Characterization for Flowable Chlorpyrifos -- 6.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.2 Modeled Chronic Risks from Flowable CPY -- 6.3 Results of Field Studies for Flowable CPY -- 6.4 Discussion of Avian Risks for Flowable CPY -- 6.5 Strengths of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 6.6 Uncertainties of the Refined Risk Assessment for Flowable CPY -- 7 Risk Characterization for Granular Chlorpyrifos -- 7.1 Modeled Acute Risks from Granular CPY -- 7.2 Results of Field Studies for Granular CPY -- 7.3 Strengths of the Refined Assessment for Granular CPY -- 7.4 Uncertainties in the Refined Risk Assessment for Granular CPY -- 8 Summary -- References -- Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 2.1 Use Patterns of Chlorpyrifos: Pollinator Considerations -- 2.2 Scope of the Assessment -- 2.3 Conceptual Model -- 2.4 Endpoints -- 2.5 Sources of Information -- 2.6 Risk Assessment Approach -- 3 Characterization of Exposures -- 3.1 General Physical and Chemical Properties and Fate -- 3.2 General Fate in Insects -- 3.3 Tier-1 Characterizations of Exposure -- 3.4 Tier-2 Characterization of Exposure -- 3.5 Other Potential Routes of Exposure -- 4 Toxicity of CPY to Pollinators -- 4.1 Tier-1 Tests of Effects -- 4.2 Tier-2 Tests of Effects -- 4.3 Tier-3 Field Tests -- 4.4 Other Studies on the Effects of CPY -- 5 Characterization of Risk of CPY to Pollinators -- 5.1 Estimates of Risk to Honey Bees -- 5.2 Estimates of Risk to Non-Apis Pollinators.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.3 Strengths and Uncertainties -- 6 Summary -- References -- Index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="590" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Electronic books.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Solomon, Keith R.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Print version:</subfield><subfield code="a">Giesy, John P.</subfield><subfield code="t">Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States</subfield><subfield code="d">Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2014</subfield><subfield code="z">9783319038643</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="797" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ProQuest (Firm)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Series</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oeawat/detail.action?docID=6367905</subfield><subfield code="z">Click to View</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |