Automated Vehicles As a Game Changer for Sustainable Mobility : : Learnings and Solutions.

• Superior document: Contributions to Management Science Series
• Author: Fournier, Guy.
• TeilnehmendeR: Boos, Adrian.; Konstantas, Dimitri.; Attias, Danielle.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Contributions to Management Science Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (522 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Foreword -- The Five Ts: Transparency, Trust, Teamwork, Try, and Transform -- We Need a Climate for Change -- Horizon 2020 Project AVENUE -- Europe Fit for the Digital Decade -- The Five Ts: Transparency, Trust, Teamwork, Try, and Transform -- Acknowledgements -- About This Book -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acronyms -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Automated Vehicles (AVs) for a New Mobility -- 1.2 Contents of the Individual Book Parts -- 1.2.1 Part 1: The AVENUE Project: Implementing Automated Minibuses for "Door-to-Door" and "On-Demand" Passenger Transportation in Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg and Copenhagen -- 1.2.2 Part 2: Impact Assessment of AVENUE -- 1.2.3 Future Vision of AVENUE -- References -- Part I: The AVENUE Project: Implementing Automated Minibuses for "Door-to-Door" and "On-Demand" Passenger Transportation in Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg and Copenhagen -- Chapter 2: AVENUE Site Demonstrators: Geneva, Lyon, Luxembourg, and Copenhagen -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Changing Landscape of Mobility -- 2.2.1 Fighting Congestion -- 2.2.2 The Transformation of Public Transportation -- 2.2.3 Readiness to Adopt New Transportation Means -- 2.2.4 Challenges for Public Transport Operators (PTOs) -- 2.3 The Geneva Sites -- 2.3.1 Objectives -- 2.3.2 Deployment -- 2.3.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.3.4 Recommendations -- 2.3.5 Future Developments -- 2.4 Denmark and Norway -- 2.4.1 Nordhavn -- 2.4.1.1 Objectives -- 2.4.1.2 Deployment -- 2.4.1.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- Passengers and Distance Driven -- Driving Speed and Automated vs. Manual Mode -- Issues Reported on Route -- Downtime and Cancelled Operation -- 2.4.1.4 Recommendations -- Object-Detection Challenges -- Increased Mixed Traffic in High Seasons -- Consequences of Construction Work.

Lack of Parking Spots Compared to the Number of Cars -- Low-Speed Limit -- 2.4.1.5 Future Developments -- Complications in Nordhavn -- 2.4.2 Ormøya -- 2.4.2.1 Objectives -- 2.4.2.2 Deployment -- 2.4.2.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- Passengers and Distance -- Automated vs. Manual Driving -- Issues Encountered on the Route -- 2.4.2.4 Recommendations -- Public Transport in Oslo -- User Experience -- Vegetation and Snow -- Major Safety Issues -- 2.4.3 Slagelse -- 2.4.3.1 Objectives -- 2.4.3.2 Deployment -- Red Section -- Green Section -- Blue Section -- Parking Conditions -- 2.4.3.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- Distance and Passengers -- Automated Vs. Manual Driving -- 2.4.3.4 Recommendations -- User Experience Learnings -- Patients -- Relatives/Visitors -- Employees -- Performance Learnings -- Low-Speed Environment -- Low Complexity Environment -- 2.4.4 Conclusions -- 2.5 Lyon, France -- 2.5.1 Objectives -- 2.5.2 Deployment -- 2.5.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.5.4 Future Development -- 2.5.4.1 The Constraints of Availability for Users -- 2.5.4.2 Energy Constraints and Battery Capacity -- 2.5.4.3 Facilitate the Relationship with the User -- 2.5.4.4 Pricing Issue -- 2.6 Luxembourg -- 2.6.1 Pfaffenthal -- 2.6.1.1 Objectives -- 2.6.1.2 Deployment -- 2.6.1.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.6.1.4 Future Development -- 2.6.2 Contern -- 2.6.2.1 Objectives -- 2.6.2.2 Deployment -- 2.6.2.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.6.2.4 Future Development -- 2.6.3 Esch-Sur-Alzette -- 2.6.3.1 Objectives -- 2.6.3.2 Deployment -- 2.6.3.3 Achievements and Key Success Factors -- 2.6.3.4 Future Development -- 2.7 Lessons Learned -- References -- Chapter 3: Automated Minibuses: State of the Art and Improvements Through AVENUE -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Automated Driving Context before Starting AVENUE.

3.2.1 Market Projection -- 3.2.2 Automated Driving -- 3.2.3 The Landscape of Automated Mobility -- 3.2.4 NAVYA before 2018 -- 3.2.4.1 Hardware -- 3.2.4.2 Software -- 3.2.4.3 Services -- 3.2.5 NAVYA Ecosystem -- 3.2.6 Legal Boundaries -- 3.3 Technology Improvements Through AVENUE -- 3.3.1 A Global View -- 3.3.2 NAVYA Software -- 3.3.3 Automotive New Release Process -- 3.3.4 NavyaDrive® Evolutions -- 3.3.4.1 The Operating System -- 3.3.4.2 Over-the-Air Update -- 3.3.4.3 On-Demand Service -- 3.3.4.4 V2X Traffic Light Management -- 3.3.4.5 V2X Solution for Complex Situations -- 3.3.4.6 Driving Enhancement -- 3.3.5 Supervision Improvements and NavyaOperate© -- 3.3.6 Navya API -- 3.3.7 HMI and Experience Enhancement -- 3.3.7.1 Operator User Interface -- 3.3.7.2 Event Triggering System -- 3.3.7.3 In-Vehicle Audio Announcements (UI) -- 3.3.7.4 Interactive Interface for Passengers (UI) -- 3.3.7.5 External Sound (UI) -- 3.3.7.6 External Screen and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) -- 3.3.8 Other Enhancements -- 3.3.8.1 Hardware Enhancement -- 3.3.8.2 Mapping, Commissioning, and Tools -- 3.3.8.3 Additional Tool Enhancements -- 3.4 Beyond Avenue -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Safety, Security and Service Quality for Automated Minibuses: State of the Art, Technical Requirements and Data Privacy in Case of Incident -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 A Shared Sustainability and Durability Target for the Society and for Companies -- 4.3 The Conditions to Make it a Sustainable and Durable Solution -- 4.3.1 Traffic Management and Energy Consumption -- 4.3.2 "Customer" Durable Satisfaction, Including Safety -- 4.3.3 Safety Measurable Targets and Steps -- 4.4 The Critical Path for Market Introduction of Safe Automated Minibuses -- 4.5 Quality and Safety State of the Art for Automated Minibuses -- 4.6 A Self-Learning Automated Transport System at European Level.

4.7 Data Privacy of Incident Analysis and Lesson Learned Sharing -- 4.8 Automated Minibus Safety and Service Quality Levers -- 4.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: In-Vehicle Services to Improve the User Experience and Security when Traveling with Automated Minibuses -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Service: Enhance the Sense of Security and Trust -- 5.3 Service: Automated Passenger Presence -- 5.4 Service: Follow My Kid/Grandparents -- 5.5 Service: Shuttle Environment Assessment -- 5.6 Service: Smart Feedback System -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Stakeholders' Stand on Regulations and Standards -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 CAVs' Threats -- 6.1.1.1 In-Vehicle Equipment -- 6.1.1.2 External Communication Technologies -- 6.1.2 Motivation -- 6.2 Regulations and Standards -- 6.2.1 CAVs Privacy Initiatives -- 6.3 Methodology -- 6.4 Findings -- 6.5 Discussion and Recommendations -- 6.5.1 Standards Coverage Map -- 6.5.2 Further Recommendations -- 6.5.3 Assessment Limitations -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Technical Cybersecurity Implementation on Automated Minibuses with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basics of a SIEM Software Solution -- 7.3 Most Popular SIEM Open-Source Software -- 7.4 SIEM Benefits for CAV Infrastructure -- 7.5 Limitations of SIEM -- 7.6 Characteristics of the SIEM Platform -- 7.7 Investigation on Diverse Implementations within AVENUE -- 7.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRM) Specific Requirements for Passenger Transportation Services -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Requirements of Passengers (Interview Results) -- 8.2.1 Phase 1 (July-September 2018) -- 8.2.2 Public Transport in General -- 8.2.3 Attitude Towards Fully Automated Public Transport (Unexperienced Pax).

8.2.4 Phase 2 (June 2019-February 2020) -- 8.2.5 Interviews with Safety Operators -- 8.2.6 Interviews with Experienced Passengers: Attitude Towards Fully Automated Public Transport -- 8.3 A Blind Users' Perspective on Automated Vehicles -- 8.3.1 Bus Stops on the Course -- 8.3.2 Boarding Process -- 8.3.3 Interior Situation and Bus Ride -- 8.3.4 Getting Out of the Bus -- 8.3.5 Klaus-Dieter's Summary -- 8.4 Situation-Based Impairments of Different Passenger Groups -- 8.5 Proposed Implementation of User Requirements -- 8.5.1 Mock-Up for an Accessible App for Fully Automated Public Transport -- 8.5.2 Information Display in the Vehicle -- 8.6 Conclusions -- Appendix: Mobile Apps for Blind and Low-Vision Public Transport Travellers -- List of Mobile Applications -- GoodMaps Outdoors -- BlindSquare -- myfinder -- Seeing AI -- References -- Chapter 9: Stakeholder Analysis and AVENUE Strategies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Research Aim -- 9.1.2 Research Approach -- 9.2 Empirical Stakeholder Analysis -- 9.2.1 Results of the Initial Stakeholder Scan -- 9.2.1.1 Power-Interest and Impact-Attribute Grid -- 9.2.1.2 Onion Diagram -- 9.2.1.3 Selection of Stakeholder Groups -- 9.2.2 Self-Assessment Stakeholder Groups -- 9.2.2.1 Public Transport Operators -- 9.2.2.2 Manufacturers -- 9.2.2.3 Software Providers -- 9.2.2.4 Driver Unions -- 9.2.2.5 Policymakers -- 9.2.2.6 Civil Society Organizations/Citizen Organizations -- 9.2.3 Results from the Cross-Sectional Analysis -- 9.2.3.1 The Crucial Role of City Government -- 9.2.3.2 Technology Development and Legal Regulations -- 9.2.3.3 Restructuring the Mobility Industry -- 9.2.3.4 Social Acceptance and Environmental Aspects -- 9.2.3.5 Future Scenarios -- 9.2.4 Stakeholder Map -- 9.2.4.1 Structure of the Stakeholder Map -- 9.2.4.2 Insights from the Stakeholder Map.

9.3 Conceptual AVENUE Stakeholder and Mobility Services Analysis.