Introduction to Environmental Economics and Policy in Japan.

Introduction to Environmental Economics and Policy in Japan.

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Bibliographic Details
:
Arimura, Toshi H.
TeilnehmendeR:
Hibiki, Akira.
Place / Publishing House:Singapore : : Springer,, 2024.
©2024.
Year of Publication:2024
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Physical Description:1 online resource (153 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • About the Authors
  • Part I Theory of Environmental Economics
  • 1 Environmental Problems: A Market Failure
  • 1.1 Consumer Benefit and Producer Benefit: Understanding Demand Curve and Supply Curve
  • 1.1.1 Consumption of Goods and Consumer Benefits: Consumer Surplus
  • 1.1.2 Production of Goods and Producer Profit: Producer Surplus
  • 1.2 Why Are Markets Omnipotent?
  • 1.2.1 Output and Price Decisions
  • 1.2.2 Socially Optimal Output
  • 1.3 Why Do Environmental Problems Persist? a Market Failure
  • 1.3.1 External Costs
  • 1.4 Economic Analysis of Environmental Problems
  • 1.4.1 Social Loss in a Competitive Market
  • 1.4.2 Optimal Levels of Output and Pollution: Social Surplus Maximization
  • 1.4.3 Is Achieving Zero Emissions the Right Thing to Do?
  • 1.5 How Can a Market Failure Be Solved?
  • 1.5.1 Regulatory Instruments and Market-Based Instruments (Economic Instruments)
  • 1.5.2 Administrative Solutions: Command and Control Regulation
  • 1.5.3 The Tax Solution
  • 1.5.4 The Subsidy Solution
  • 1.5.5 Implementation Issues
  • References
  • 2 Choice of Policy Instruments: Tax, Regulation or Subsidy
  • 2.1 Environmental Taxes
  • 2.2 Regulatory Instruments
  • 2.3 Tax or Subsidy?
  • 3 Property Right Approach and Emissions Trading Schemes
  • 3.1 Property Rights to the Environment
  • 3.1.1 The Model Setup
  • 3.1.2 Marginal Private Benefit
  • 3.1.3 Marginal External Cost (MEC)
  • 3.1.4 Absence of Property Rights
  • 3.1.5 Maximizing Social Benefit Through Property Rights Assignments and Bargaining
  • 3.1.6 Property Rights Assigned to the Residents
  • 3.1.7 Property Rights Assigned to the Polluter
  • 3.2 Limitations of the Coase Theorem
  • 3.2.1 Transaction Costs
  • 3.2.2 Problems with Identifying the Polluter for Bargaining
  • 3.3 Emissions Trading: Application of the Coase Theorem
  • 3.3.1 ETS and Its Significance.
  • 3.3.2 Transaction Costs in ETS
  • 3.3.3 ETS and Environmental Tax
  • References
  • 4 Uncertainty and Policy Choice: Carbon Tax or Emissions Trading Scheme
  • 4.1 Policy Choice and Total Social Surplus Under Perfect Information
  • 4.2 Loss of Social Surplus Due to Imperfect Information on the MEC Curve
  • 4.3 Loss of the Social Surplus Due to Imperfect Information on the CO2 Demand Function
  • 4.4 Loss of the Social Surplus: The Slopes of the MEC Curve and the CO2 Demand Curve
  • References
  • 5 Waste Management: Optimal Disposal Fee and Intergenerational Use of the Landfill
  • 5.1 Economic Analysis of Waste Disposal Charges
  • 5.1.1 The Model Setup
  • 5.1.2 Optimal Amount of Waste
  • 5.1.3 No Charges on Waste Disposal
  • 5.1.4 A Flat Fee Pricing Scheme
  • 5.1.5 A Unit Pricing Scheme
  • 5.1.6 No Charge, a Flat Fee, or a Unit Pricing?
  • 5.2 Optimal Intergenerational Use of Landfills and Optimal Fee Policy
  • 5.2.1 The Model Setup
  • 5.2.2 Benefits for the Current and Future Generations When no Fee is Imposed
  • 5.2.3 Marginal Social Surplus
  • 5.2.4 Do "No Disposal Fees" Maximize the Total Social Surplus of All Generations?
  • 5.2.5 Conditions for Optimal Landfill Use Between the Generations
  • 5.2.6 Optimal Fees and Optimal Allocation of Waste Generation
  • 5.2.7 Existence of the Future Generation and Optimal Waste Management Policies
  • 5.2.8 Potential of Market Approaches to Optimizing Intergenerational Allocation of Landfills
  • 6 Precaution Against Environmental Accidents and Liability Rules for Damages
  • 6.1 Optimal Precaution and Optimal Liability Rules for Damages
  • 6.1.1 Social Costs and Optimal Precautionary Measures
  • 6.1.2 Firm's Precautionary Measures and Cost Under Liability Rules
  • 6.1.3 Which Liability Rule is Socially Desirable?
  • 6.2 The Judgment Proof Problem
  • 6.2.1 Cases Where Firms Take Insufficient Precaution.
  • 6.2.2 Cases Where Firms Take Excessive Precaution
  • 6.2.3 Judgment Proofing and the Firm's Incentives for Precaution
  • References
  • Part II Environmental Policy in Japan
  • 7 Recycling Laws and Their Evaluation in Japan
  • 7.1 Recycling in Japan
  • 7.1.1 Container and Packaging Recycling Act
  • 7.1.2 Home Appliance Recycling Act
  • 7.1.3 Small Home Appliance Recycling Act
  • 7.1.4 End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Act
  • 7.1.5 Construction Material Recycling Act
  • 7.1.6 Food Waste Recycling Act
  • 7.2 Microplastic Pollution
  • 7.3 Preventing Waste Scattering and Illegal Dumping
  • 7.3.1 Deposit-Refund Scheme
  • 7.3.2 Penal Regulation as a Substitute for a Deposit-Refund Scheme
  • Reference
  • 8 Air Pollution in Japan and the World
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Sources, Causes, and Health Effects of Air Pollution
  • 8.3 Air Pollution and Policy Measures in Japan
  • 8.4 Air Pollution Policies in Japan
  • 8.4.1 Point Sources
  • 8.4.2 Mobile Sources: Vehicle Emission Standards and Vehicle Type Regulations
  • 8.4.3 Economic Analysis of Air Pollution Regulations: A Case of the Vehicle Type Regulation
  • 8.5 Air Pollution in Developing Countries
  • 8.6 Household Air Pollution in Developing Countries
  • References
  • 9 International Efforts on Climate Change and Carbon Pricing in Japan
  • 9.1 International Cooperation on Climate Change
  • 9.1.1 International Climate Agreements: The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement
  • 9.1.2 The Clean Development Mechanism
  • 9.1.3 The Joint Crediting Mechanism
  • 9.1.4 Transitioning to Carbon Neutrality
  • 9.2 The Mechanism of Carbon Pricing
  • 9.2.1 Short- and Longer-Term Effects of Carbon Pricing
  • 9.2.2 Carbon Neutrality and Emissions Trading
  • 9.3 Carbon Pricing Developments Across the World
  • 9.4 Carbon Pricing in Japan
  • 9.4.1 The Global Warming Countermeasure Tax
  • 9.4.2 Sub-national Emissions Trading Schemes.
  • 9.4.3 J-Credit Scheme: A Voluntary Emissions Reduction Certification Program in Japan
  • 9.5 Designing Carbon Pricing Systems
  • 9.5.1 Carbon Leakage and International Competitiveness
  • 9.5.2 The Fairness and Regressivity of Carbon Pricing
  • 9.5.3 The Double Dividend of Carbon Pricing
  • 9.5.4 Effective Carbon Rates and Challenges of the Current Energy Taxes
  • 9.6 Carbon Pricing for Carbon Neutrality: Japan's Green Transformation (GX)
  • References.

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