Data Act : : An Introduction.

• Author: Hennemann, Moritz.
• TeilnehmendeR: Ebner, Gordian Konstantin.; Karsten, Benedikt.; Lienemann, Gregor.; Wienroeder, Marie.
• Place / Publishing House: Baden-Baden : : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (254 pages)

Table of Contents

Cover -- I. Executive Summary -- II. Introduction -- 1. General Setting and Goals -- 2. From a Reaction to Market Failures to a new Market Design -- 3. "Contractualisation" of Data (Economy) Law -- 4. User Activation -- 5. Monetarisation of Data? -- 6. Enforcement -- 7. Trade Agreements / Other Union Legal Acts Governing Rights and Obligations on Data and Use (Art. 44) / Options for Member States -- Trade Agreements -- Union Law -- Member States -- Outside the Scope of Union Law -- 8. Evaluation and Review (Art. 49) -- 9. Entry into Force and Application (Art. 50) -- 10. Competence -- III. Regulatory Scope (Art. 1-2, Art. 43) -- 1. Scope (Art. 1 paras. 1-3) -- Material Scope -- Personal and Territorial Scope -- Virtual Assistants -- 2. Interplay with Existing Rules (Art. 1 paras. 5 and 6, Art. 43) -- Contract Law -- Unfair Terms Law and Consumer Law -- Intellectual Property Law -- Data Protection Law -- In Particular: Legal Basis According to Art. 6(1)(c) and (3) GDPR -- In Particular: Art. 20 GDPR -- Data Governance Act -- Free Flow of Data-Regulation -- Competition Law -- Criminal Law / Criminal Procedural Law / Digital Services Act -- Product Safety / Accessibility Requirements for Products and Services -- 3. Definitions (Art. 2) -- Data -- Connected Product -- Related Service -- Definitional References to Other Legal Acts -- IV. SME-Exemption (Art. 7), Product Design, Service Design, and Informational Duties (Art. 3) -- 1. Exemption of Micro and Small Enterprises -- Mandatory Nature (Art. 7) -- Definition of Enterprise -- Exemption of Micro and Small Enterprises -- Exemption of medium-sized enterprises -- Mandatory Nature -- 2. Product Design, Service Design (Art. 3(1)) -- Personal Scope -- Material Scope -- In particular: Derived Data -- Mechanisms of Access -- Enforcement -- 3. Information Duties -- Personal Scope.

General Requirements for Providing Information -- The Different Informational Elements in Detail -- The Different Informational Elements of Art. 3(2) -- The Different Informational Elements of Art. 3(3) -- Waivability -- Enforcement -- V. Data Licence Agreement and User's Right of Access (Art. 4) -- Definition of User and Data Holder -- Definition of Data Holder -- 1. Data Licence Agreement -- Use by the Data Holder (Art. 4(13) and (14)) -- Data Licence Agreement -- Specific Limits of the Use of the Data Holder -- Making data available to third parties -- De facto-Control by Agreement? -- Unfair Terms Control -- 2. The Right to Access according to Art. 4(1)) -- Economic Setting and Assumptions -- A Remedy for Lack of Data Accessibility-by-Design under Art. 3(1) -- Effect of the Right: In-Situ Access, Data Retrieval and / or Usage? -- Mandatory Nature of Art. 4 -- No Circumvention through 'Dark Patterns' (Art. 4(4)) -- Modalities under which Access is Granted as per Art. 4(1) -- Data in Scope of the Access Right -- Identification of the Requesting User (Art. 4(5)) -- 3. Limitations of and Defences to the User's Right of Access -- No 'Right to Hack' (Art. 4(11)) -- Security of the Connected Product (Art. 4(2)) -- Access to Lawfully Processed Personal Data Only (Art. 4(12)) -- Trade Secrets (Art. 4(6)-(9)) -- Restrictions on Onward Usage: Non-Compete (Art. 4(10)) and Sharing with Gatekeepers (Art. 5(3)(c)) -- VI. Right to Share Data with Third Parties (Art. 5-6) and FRAND Obligations for Data Holders When Providing Access (Art. 8-12) -- 1. The Right to Share Data with Third Parties (Art. 5) -- Significant Overlaps Between the Regulatory Architectures of User and Third-Party Access -- Eligible Third Parties / Data Recipients (Art. 2(14)) -- In Particular: Gatekeepers (Art. 5(3)) -- In Particular: Data Intermediaries.

Exemption for the Testing of Products not yet Placed on the Market (Art. 5(2)) -- Data Protection Law (Art. 5(7)-(8), Art. 5(13)) -- Trade Secrets (Art. 5(9)-(11)) -- Implicit (Second) Data License Agreement -- 2. Obligations of Third Parties (Art. 6) -- Non-Exclusivity -- Limited Use / Non-Compete / Security -- Passing-On of Data -- Erasing Data -- Impairing Decision-making -- 3. Conditions between Data Holder and Data Recipient -- FRAND-System -- Scope of Application -- Relationship to Art. 13 -- FRAND Conditions -- Terms to the Detriment of the User -- Prohibition of Discrimination -- Provision Only at the User's Request -- More Information than Necessary -- Respect of Trade Secrets -- 4. Compensation -- General Provisions -- Compensation Factors -- Micro, Small, And Medium-Sized Enterprises -- Guidelines on the Costs -- Exclusion of Compensation -- Information -- Calculation -- 5. Dispute Settlement -- Personal Scope -- Material Scope -- Fees -- Certification -- Refusing Disputes / International Jurisdiction -- Competences of the Settlement Bodies -- Rules of Procedure -- Annual Activity Reports -- Decision Effects / Enforcement / Interplay with Judicial Clarification -- 6. Technical Protection -- Protection Measures -- Conditions and Consequences -- Altering or Removing Technical Protection by the User and others -- Enforcement -- 7. Common Standards for Smart Contracts (Art. 36) -- The Notion of Smart Contracts -- Essential Requirements for Smart Contracts (Art. 36(1)) -- Declaration of Conformity (Art. 36(2) and (3)) -- Harmonised Standards (Art. 36(4) and (5)) -- Common Specifications (Art. 36(6) to (9)) -- 8. Scope of Obligations -- VII. Unfair Terms for Data Access and Use between Enterprises (Art. 13) -- Personal Scope -- Material Scope -- Unilaterally Imposed -- Mandatory Provisions -- Subject Matter of the Contract -- Further Aspects.

Unfairness -- General Unfairness Provision -- 'Black' List -- 'Grey' List -- Enforcement -- VIII. Making Data Available to Public-Sector Bodies based on Exceptional Need (Art. 14-22) -- 1. Obligation to Make Data Available to Public-Sector Bodies (Art. 14) -- Union and Public Sector Body -- Material Scope of the Obligation to Make Data Available -- 2. Definition of Exceptional Need (Art. 15) -- Response to a Public Emergency -- Definition of Public Emergency -- Fulfilling a Specific Task in the Public Interest -- Assessment of the Definitions -- 3. Relationship with Other Obligations to Make Data Available (Art. 16) -- Existing Obligations to Make Data Available -- The Prevention, Investigation and Prosecution of Criminal and Administrative Offences -- 4. Requirements for the Request to Make Data Available (Art. 17 paras. 1 and 2) -- Information To Be Provided -- Further requirements -- 5. Reuse of the Data Made Available (Art. 17 (3) and (4)) -- 6. Compliance with Requests for Data (Art. 18) -- Decline or Seek for Modification -- Anonymisation and Pseudonymisation of Personal Data -- 7. Obligations of Public Sector Bodies Receiving Data (Art. 19) -- 8. Compensation in Cases of Exceptional Need (Art. 20) -- 9. Contribution of Research Organisations or Statistical Bodies (Art. 21) -- 10. Mutual Assistance and Cross-Border Cooperation (Art. 22) -- 11. Interplay with Art. 6 GDPR -- Relationship between Art. 15 and Art. 6 GDPR -- Relationship between Art. 18(5) and Art. 6 GDPR -- Relationship between Art. 21 and Art. 6 GDPR -- 12. Legal Remedies and Liability -- IX. Switching and Interoperability between Data Processing Services (Art. 23-31, Art. 33-35) -- The Commission's Rationale for Taking Regulatory Action -- 1. Surveying the Range of Data Processing Services (Art. 2(8), Art. 31) -- The Definition Supplied in Art. 2(8).

In Particular: Cloud Switching Invoked by Consumers -- The Role of Data Processing Services in Operationalising Access and Sharing Rights -- Exemptions for Custom-Built Services and Beta Versions (Art. 31) -- 2. The Terminology of Customer Activation: Switching, On-Premises Transfers and Multi-Homing (Art. 25(3), Art. 34(1)) -- 3. Guiding Principles and Legal Status of the Switching-related Rights and Duties -- Scope of the Technical Obligations (Art. 24) -- Cooperation in Good Faith (Art. 27) -- Chapter VI: Basis for a Dedicated 'Cloud Portability Right'? -- 4. Removing Obstacles to 'Switchability' (Art. 23) -- 5. Contractual Enablers of Switching (Art. 25) -- Form of the Service Agreement (Art. 25(1)) -- 30-day Transition Period and Other Time Frames -- Exit Management through Comprehensive Information (Art. 25(2)(a)-(b)) -- Effects on Termination of the Contract (Art. 25(2)(c)) -- Exportable Data and Digital Assets (Art. 25(2)(e)-(f)) -- Erasure of Data Held by the Source Provider after the Retrieval Period (Art. 25(2)(h)) -- Interplay with the Digital Content Directive -- Private Enforcement? -- 6. Transparency Obligations next to the Contract (Art. 26 and 28) -- 7. Commercial Enablers of Switching - Reduced Switching Charges (Art. 29) -- Key Concepts -- The Timeline for Withdrawing Switching Charges (Art. 29(1)-(3)) -- Monitoring Mechanism (Art. 29(7)) -- Pre-Contractual Notice Obligations (Art. 29(4)-(6)) -- 8. Functional Equivalence across IaaS Environments (Art. 30(1)) -- Functional Equivalence - A Feasible Concept? -- The Best Effort to Achieving Functional Equivalence (Art. 30(1), Art. 30(6)) -- 9. Interoperability Requirements Aimed at Data Processing Services other than IaaS (Art. 30(2)-(5), Art. 35) -- Cloud Interoperability in a Nutshell (Art. 2(40), Art. 35(2)) -- Open Interfaces (Art. 30(2)).

Standardisation En Route to Fully Fledged Interoperability (Art. 30(3), Art. 35).