Table of Contents: Quarrying in Western Norway :

Quarrying in Western Norway : : an archaeological study of production and distribution in the Viking period and Middle Ages / / Irene Baug.

The theme of this study is the large-scale exploitation of different stone products that took place in Norway during the Viking Age and the Middle Ages (c. AD 800-1500).

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Bibliographic Details
VerfasserIn:	Baug, Irene,
Place / Publishing House:	Oxford : : Archaeopress,, [2015] ©2015
Year of Publication:	2015
Edition:	1st ed.
Language:	English
Physical Description:	1 online resource (188 pages)
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Table of Contents:

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope and objectives
1.2 Geological conditions in Hyllestad
1.3 Geological conditions in Ølve/Hatlestrand
1.4 The investigation areas
1.4.1 The Hyllestad quarries
1.4.2 The quarries in Ølve/Hatlestrand
Figure 1.1: Location of the two quarry areas Hyllestad and Ølve/Hatlestrand (Map: Irene Baug, 2013)
Figure 1.2: The garnet mica schist from Hyllestad. The dark-red garnets seen are c. 2-5mm in size (Photo: Øystein J. Jansen)
Figure 1.3: Location of major quernstone and millstone quarries in Norway (Map: Irene Baug, 2013)
Figure 1.4: Fragments of two different bakestones from Bryggen in Bergen (upper: BRM0/50627, dated to AD 1248-1332 by Mygland (2003). lower: BRM0/50119), most likely produced in Ølve/Hatlestrand (10-cm scale) (Photos: Marcin Gladki © Museumssenteret i Hor
Figure 1.5: Location of major bakestone quarries (Map: Irene Baug, 2013)
Figure 1.6: Identified quarries in Hyllestad. Farm numbers are specified for the farms with quarries within their boundaries (Map: Irene Baug, 2013, Norge Digitalt. FKB-data, 1413 Hyllestad kommune, 32_1413eiendom_flate, 28.02.2009)
Figure 1.7: Identified quarries in Ølve and Hatlestrand. Farm numbers are specified for farms with quarries within their boundaries (Map: Irene Baug, 2013, Norge Digitalt FKB-data, 1224 Kvinnherad commune, 32_1224eiendom_flate 21.11.2007)
2 State of Research
2.1 Quernstones and millstones within Scandinavian research
2.2 Quernstone and millstone research in areas of Western and Central Europe
2.3 Bakestones
2.4 Different forms of querns and mills
2.5 Bakestones and their use
2.6 An overall assessment
Figure 2.1: Cross section of a hand quern and terminology related to the different elements.
Figure 2.2: Left: mill with horizontal waterwheel with vertical axle. Right: mill with vertical water wheel with horizontal axle (Source: Berge 1979:7)
Figure 2.3: Complete and unused bakestone found in the quarries in Ølve/Hatlestrand (Photo: Atle Ove Martinussen)
3 Theoretical Perspectives
3.1 Social dimensions of production landscapes
3.2 Technology
3.3 Trade, routes and 'routinisation'
3.4 Structural durability and change: which processes define stability and which cause change?
3.4.1 Innovation and change in the centre and periphery
4 Methodological Approaches
4.1 The quarries: definitions
4.1.1 Classification of the different quarry types at Hyllestad
4.1.2 Classification of different quarry types at Ølve/Hatlestrand
4.2 Methodological approaches on the micro level: the archaeological investigations
4.2.1 Dating and interpreting material in the trenches and test pits
4.3 Methodological approaches at the meso level: retrospective analyses
4.4 Methodological approaches on the macro level: provenance studies and distribution
Figure 4.1: Products extracted from shallow quarries. The figures show the numbers of quarries based on surface recovery (Heldal and Bloxam 2008: fig. 6-3)
Figure 4.2: Schematic figure of the two subtypes of bedrock quarries: shallow and deep (Grenne et al. 2008: fig. 18)
Figure 4.3: Products extracted from deep quarries. The figures show the numbers of quarries based on surface recovery (Heldal and Bloxam 2008: fig. 6-7)
Figure 4.4: Products extracted from combined shallow and deep quarries. The figures indicate the numbers of quarries based on surface recovery (Heldal and Bloxam 2008: fig. 6-10)
Figure 4.5: Different types of hand-worked quarries. (The 72 prospecting quarries are not included.) (Source: Heldal and Bloxam 2008).
Figure 4.6: Quarry types identified at Ølve/Hatlestrand
Figure 4.7: Explanation of symbols used in the drawings in Chapters 5 and 6
5 Archaeological Investigations of Quarries at Hyllestad
5.1 Aims and methods
5.2 Archaeological investigations at Rønset (no. 71)
5.2.1 Rønset trench 4: quarry site for slab production
5.2.2 Rønset trench 5: quarry site for quernstone and millstone production
5.2.3 The rock shelter at Rønset
5.3 Archaeological investigations at Myklebust (no. 79)
5.3.1 Myklebust trenches 2-5: some temporal aspects
5.3.2 Myklebust trenches 6 and 7: production of quernstones and stone crosses
5.4 Archaeological investigations at Sørbø (no. 32)
5.4.1 Sørbø trench 1 - quarry with production of quernstones and millstones
5.5 Archaeological investigations at Sæsol (no. 78)
5.5.1 Sæsol trench 7: quarry with production of quernstones
5.6 Dating the quarries and their products
Figure 5.1: Map showing the location of the excavations (Map: Irene Baug, 2013, Norge Digitalt. FKB-data, 1413 Hyllestad kommune, 32_1413eiendom_flate, 28.02.2009)
Figure 5.2: Distribution of Hyllestad deep quarries. N=45 (Source: Heldal and Bloxam 2008: fig. 6-8)
Figure 5.3: Distribution of Hyllestad combination quarries. N=15 (Source: Heldal and Bloxam 2008: 6-11)
Figure 5.4: Distribution of Hyllestad shallow quarries. N=129 (Source: Heldal and Bloxam 2008: fig. 6-4)
Figure 5.5: Map of the different types of quarries at Rønset (Map: Irene Baug, 2013) (Map data for the Hyllestad quarries from a survey by Tom Heldal, NGU)
Figure 5.7: Slab from Rønset trench 4 (Photo: Irene Baug, 2006)
Figure 5.8: Quarry with slab extraction (Photo: Irene Baug, 2006).
Figure 5.9: Rønset trench 4 during excavation (Photo: Irene Baug, 2006)
Figure 5.10: Section of Rønset trench 4 (Drawing: Irene Baug, 2006)
Figure 5.11: Multiple plot diagram of C14-analyses from Rønset trench 4
Figure 5.12: Path towards Rønset trench 5
Figure 5.13: The 6m-high carved rock wall north of Rønset trench 5 (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.14: Rønset trench 5 during excavation
the stone wall is visible at the southern end (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.15: Rønset trench 5 wall (Drawing: Anja Sætre/Åsne Helleve, Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.16: Section of Rønset trench 5 (Drawing: Anja Sætre/Åsne Helleve, 2008)
Figure 5.17: Multiple plot diagram of C14-analyses from Rønset trench 5
Figure 5.18: Fragments of unfinished and broken quernstones and millstones from Rønset trench 5 (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.19: Rock shelter seen from the north (Photo: Irene Baug, 2009)
Figure 5.20: Sketch of the rock shelter (Drawing: Irene Baug, 2009)
Figure 5.21: Sections of test pit 1 (Drawing: Irene Baug, 2009)
Figure 5.22: Test pit 1: north (left) and south (right) sections (left) (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.23: Test pit 2 (Drawing: Irene Baug, 2009)
Figure 5.24: Multiple plot diagram of C14-analyses from the rock shelter, test pits 1 and 2
Figure 5.25: Map of different quarry types at Myklebust (Map: Irene Baug, 2013) (Map-data for Hyllestad quarries from a survey by Tom Heldal, NGU)
Figure 5.26: The quarry complex at Myklebust showing the location of trenches 2-5 (Photo: Kim Søderstrøm and Jørgen Magnus©Riksantikvaren)
Figure 5.27: Carved rock wall (4.3m long), with signs of slab production, from the eastern end of trench 6 (Photo: Kim Søderstrøm, Jørgen Magnus © Riksantikvaren).
Figure 5.28: Carved base of Myklebust trench 6, from the east (Drawing: Irene Baug/Åsne Helleve
photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.29: Section of Myklebust trench 6 (Drawing: Irene Baug/Åsne Helleve, 2008)
Figure 5.30: Trench 6 during excavation showing quernstones and cross in same deposit (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.31: Multiple plot diagram of C14-analyses from Myklebust trench 6
Figure 5.32: The stone crosses (Photo: Svein Skare, University Museum of Bergen)
Figure 5.32: The stone crosses (Photo: Svein Skare, University Museum of Bergen) contd.
Figure 5.32: The stone crosses (Photo: Svein Skare, University Museum of Bergen) contd.
Figure 5.32: The stone crosses (Photo: Svein Skare, University Museum of Bergen) contd.
Figure 5.33: Excavation of Myklebust trench 7 (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.34: Section of Myklebust trench 7 (Drawing: Irene Baug/Åsne Helleve, 2008)
Figure 5.35: Multiple plot diagram of C14 analyses from Myklebust trench 7
Figure 5.36: Myklebust trench 7 during excavation (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.37: Map of quarry types at Sørbø (Map: Irene Baug, 2013) (Map-data for Hyllestad quarries from a survey by Tom Heldal, NGU)
Figure 5.38: Section of Sørbø trench 1 (Drawing Irene Baug, 2006)
Figure 5.39: Sørbø trench 1 from the north (Photo: Irene Baug, 2006)
Figure 5.40: Map of the different quarry types at Sæsol (Map: Irene Baug, 2013) (Map data for the Hyllestad quarries from a survey by Tom Heldal, NGU)
Figure 5.41: Overview of the area around Sæsol trench 7 (marked with an arrow)
taken from the earlier investigated quarry, Sæsol trench 6 (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.42: Carved rock with circular quernstone extraction marks (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008)
Figure 5.43: Excavation of Sæsol trench 7 (Photo: Irene Baug, 2008).
Figure 5.44: Section of Sæsol trench 7 (Drawing: Irene Baug/Åsne Helleve, 2008).

Quarrying in Western Norway : : an archaeological study of production and distribution in the Viking period and Middle Ages / / Irene Baug.

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