Ephyra-Epirus the Mycenaean acropolis : : results of the excavations 1975-1986 and 2007-2008 / / Thanasis J. Papadopoulos and Evangelia Papadopoulou.

• VerfasserIn: Papadopoulos, Thanasis J.,; Papadopoulou, Evangelia,
• TeilnehmendeR: Papadopoulou, Evangelia,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress Archaeology,, [2020]; ©2020
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (vii, 134 pages) :; illustrations, maps

This volume presents the results of the 1975-1986 and 2007-2008 excavations on the prehistoric-Mycenaean acropolis of Ephyra, one of the most important Bronze Age sites of Epirus. Ephyra is a small coastal fortified site in the region of the lower Acheron valley, and it has produced impressive and,...

Table of Contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright page
• Dedication
• Contents Page
• List of Figures
• Abbreviations
• Preface and acknowledgments
• Contents
• List of Figures
• Abbreviations
• Preface and acknowledgments
• 1.
• Epirus
• Topography, geomorphology, climate, and history of previous research
• Figure 1. Map of Greece (Hope Simpson-Hagel 2006: Figure1a).
• Figure 2. Epirus, geophysical map (Ηπειρος, 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού, Εκδοτική Αθηνών, 1997: εικ.1).
• Figure 3. Map of Bronze Age sites in Epirus (Tartaron 2004, fig. 3:3).
• 1. Environment, myth, literary evidence and history of the excavation
• 2.
• Ephyra
• Figure 4.1. Map of the plain of Acheron and Acherousia (Dakaris Οδηγός Νεκρομαντείου, ΤΑΠΑ 1993).
• Figure 4.2. Map of the south-western region of Epirus (Dakaris 1963: Abb. 9).
• Figure 4.3. The hill of Xylokastron-Ephyra (view from the south).
• Figure 5. Two pithoid jars containing infant burials (Dakaris 1958: pl. 86).
• Figure 6. Ephyra, south gate (view from north).
• Figure 7. Ephyra acropolis, extant segments of the three fortification walls.
• Figure 8. Acherousia today (view from the acropolis of Ephyra).
• 2. Description of the acropolis and architectural remains
• Figure 9. Map of the Acheron valley (Dakaris 1998).
• Figure 10. Ephyra hill (view from the south).
• Figure 11. Ephyra, Nekromanteion hills, Mesopotamos village and Acherousia (view from the east) (Ephorate of Antiquities of Preveza 2015, The archaeological sites of Nekromanteion and Ephyra: 20).
• Figure 12.1. Ephyra, the northeastern unwalled side of the acropolis.
• Figure 12.2. The present mouth of the Acheron (Ephorate of Antiquities of Preveza 2015, The archaeological sites of Nekromanteion and Ephyra: 10).
• Figure 13. Ephyra, topographical plan (Dakaris 1973: Figure 39).
• Figure 14. Ephyra. Lower-external wall and perimeter of the acropolis.
• Figure 15a. Ephyra the upper fortification wall (Ephorate of Antiquities of Preveza, The archaeological sites of Nekromanteion and Ephyra: 49, 2015).
• Figure 16. Ephyra, Cyclopean wall.
• Figure 15. Glykis Limin in the Lower Acheron Valley (Tartaron 2004: Figure 7.6).
• Figure 17.1. Ephyra, Cyclopean wall, southern part of middle wall.
• Figure 17.2. Ephyra, Cyclopean wall, northern part of middle wall.
• Figure 17.3. Ephyra, Cyclopean wall, northern part of middle wall, continued.
• Figure 17.4. Ephyra, plan of northern part of middle wall.
• Figure 17.5. Ephyra, plan of northern part of middle wall, continued.
• Figure 18. Ephyra, three roughly square blocks at the start of the northern part of the middle wall.
• Figure 19.2. Ephyra, southern part of middle wall.
• Figure 20. Ephyra, plan of the southern part of middle wall, detail of the middle wall showing its foundation on the natural rock.
• Figure 19.1. Ephyra, southern part of middle wall shaped as a semicircle to retain the cemetery of tumuli.
• Figure 19.3. Ephyra, plan of the southern part of middle wall.
• Figure 21. The lower wall in all its extant part, view from the south.
• Figure 22.1: The south gate before excavation, view from the south.
• Figure 22.2: The south gate after its cleaning, view from the north.
• Figure 22.3: The destroyed NW side of the south gate, view from the south.
• Figure 23.1: South gate, section.
• Figure 23.2: South gate, plan.
• Figure 23.3: South gate, plan of south face.
• Figure 23.4: South gate, plan of west side.
• Figure 23.5: South gate, plan of east side.
• Figure 24: South gate after its final cleaning (2008) and the two stones indicating the existence of jambs (?).
• Figure 26.1: Lower wall (first part, west of south gate).
• Figure 26.3: Lower wall (third part, west of south gate).
• Figure 26.5: Lower wall (fifth part, west of south gate).
• Figure 25: South gate and the interior corridor leading to the upper acropolis.
• Figure 26.2: Lower wall (second part, west of south gate).
• Figure 26.4: Lower wall (fourth part, west of south gate).
• Figure 26.6: Lower wall (sixth part, west of south gate).
• Figure 27.1: Lower wall (plan of first part, west of south gate).
• Figure 27.3: Lower wall (plan of third part, west of south gate).
• Figure 27.4: Lower wall (plan of fourth part, west of south gate).
• Figure 27.2: Lower wall (plan of second part, west of south gate).
• Figure 27.5: Lower wall (plan of fifth part, west of south gate).
• Figure 27.6: Lower wall (plan of sixth part, west of south gate).
• 3. Tombs and burial customs in Epirus
• Figure 28: Map of the prehistoric cemeteries of Epirus.
• Figure 29: Mazaraki, cist tomb (Vokotopoulou 1969: Pl.27a).
• Figure 30: Ephyra, tumulus Γ, cist tomb A.
• Figure 31a-b: Parga, tholos tomb and Mycenaean pottery.
• 4. The prehistoric tumuli cemetery at Ephyra (Figure 33.1.2.3)
• Figure 32: Pogoni, tumuli A, B, Γ and tumulus from Glava (Andreou 1994: 262-63, plans 2-5).
• Figure 33.1: Ephyra hill, view from the south (Ephorate of Antiquities of Preveza 2015, The archaeological sites of Nekromanteion and Ephyra: 58, right).
• Figure 33.2: Ephyra, general view of the tumuli (Ephorate of Antiquities of Preveza 2015 The archaeological sites of Nekromanteion and Ephyra: 51).
• Figure 33.3: Ephyra, general topographical plan of the excavated parts (by architect A. Lagopoulos).
• Figure 34: Sketch plan of the three tumuli (by architect D. Skyrgiannis).
• Figure 35.1.2: Tumulus A, view from the east, old and recent view.
• Figure 35.3.4: Tumulus A (plan by G. Tsonis)
• burial A in situ.
• Figure 36.1.2: Tumulus A, burial (after cleaning)
• burial B in situ.
• Figure 36.3: Tumulus A, plan of primary and secondary burials and finds.
• Figure 36.4: Tumulus A, plan of burial A and its offerings.
• Figure 38.1: Tumulus Β, view from the north.
• Figure 37.1: Tumulus A, primary burial C, in a contracted position.
• Figure 37.2: Tumulus A, plan of burial C, in a contracted position.
• Figure 38.2: Tumulus B, burial in situ.
• Figure 39.1: Tumulus Γ, view from the north at the start of digging.
• Figure 39.2: Tumulus Γ, view after final investigation.
• Figure 40.1: Tumulus Γ, small cist tomb A.
• Figure 41: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B and the adjacent small perivolos (west view).
• Figure 42.2: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb Β, primary burial Λ.
• Figure 40.2: Tumulus Γ, interior of tomb A.
• Figure 42.1: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B and primary burial A (south view).
• Figure42.3: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B, primary burial Λ, burials H.I.K
• Figure 42.4: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B, primary burial B (outside and along the northern side of the cist).
• Figure 42.5: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B, upper part of burial B.
• Figure 43.1: Tumulus Γ, burial of a woman and her child (Z).
• Figure 43.2: Tumulus Γ, burial of a woman and her child (Z ).
• Figure 43.3: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B, plan of the burials.
• Figure 43.4: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B, interior, upper layer of burials.
• Figure 44: Tumulus Γ, plan of burial Z (woman and her child).
• Figure 43.5: Tumulus Γ, cist tomb B, interior, lower layer of burials.
• Figure 45: Ephyra, cist grave NE of tumulus A.
• Figure 47.1: Ephyra, cist grave E, N of tumulus Γ, with burial in situ.
• Figure 47.2: Ephyra, cist grave E, N of tumulus Γ, after removal of the burial.
• Figure 46: Ephyra, cist grave Δ, N of tumulus Γ.
• Figure 48.1: NW building, view from the NE (excavation 1980).
• Figure 48.2a: Plan of NW building and tumulus A (A. Lagopoulos).
• Figure 48.2b: Plan of NW building.
• Figure 49.4: Provisional reconstruction of horns of consecration.
• Figure 49.1: Strong wall on south side of NW building.
• Figure 49.2: Archaic shallow lekanae in situ (south view).
• Figure 49.3: Poros-stone fragment of horns of consecration, in situ.
• Figure 49.5: Whitish stone fragment of horn of consecration.
• Figure 49.6: Stone metallurgical mould.
• Figure 50.1: Ephyra, space between Tumulus A and NW building.
• Figure 49.7: Stone double-axe.
• 5. Pottery
• a) The prehistoric pottery of Epirus.Fabric, technique, typology
• Figure 50.2: Middle retaining wall.
• b) The prehistoric pottery of Ephyra Fabric and technique. Typology
• I. Closed Shapes
• II. Open Shapes
• III. Pithoi
• IV. Uncertain
• Decoration
• a) K.II/III
• c) Category IVa-(b)
• Figure 51.1.2: Cat. no. P1 .
• d) Wheel-made Mycenaean pottery and/or imitation of it
• 6. An indicative Catalogue of prehistoric pottery and artefacts
• a) Pottery
• Figure 52: Cat. nos. P2-5.
• Figure 53: Cat. nos. P6-9.
• Figure 54: Cat. nos. P10-13
• Figure 55: Cat. nos. P4-15.
• Figure 56: Cat. nos. P16-18.
• Figure 57: Cat. nos. P19-20.
• Figure 58: Cat. nos. P22-23.
• Figure 59: Cat. nos. P24-25.
• Figure 60: Cat. nos. P26-29.
• Figure 61: Cat. nos. P30-33.
• Figure 62: Cat. nos. P34-37.
• Figure 63: Cat. nos. P38-41.
• Figure 64: Cat. nos. P42-45.
• Figure 65: Cat. nos. P46-47.
• Figure 66: Cat. nos. P48-51.
• Figure 67: Cat. nos. P52-55.
• Figure 68: Cat. nos. P56-59.
• Figure 69: Cat. nos. P60-63.
• Figure 70: Cat. nos. P64-66.
• Figure 71: Cat. nos. P67-69.
• Figure 72: Cat. nos. P70-73.
• Figure 73: Cat. nos. P74-77.
• Figure 74: Cat. nos. P78-81.
• Figure 75: Cat. nos. P82-86.
• Figure 76: Cat. nos. P87-90.
• Figure 77: Cat. nos. P91-94.
• Figure 78: Cat. nos. P95-98.