Mining and materiality : : neolithic chalk artefacts and their depositional contexts in southern Britain / / Anne M. Teather.

• VerfasserIn: Teather, Anne M.,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.,, [2016]; ©2016
• Year of Publication: 2016
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (viii, 114 pages) :; illustrations

In this book Anne Teather develops a new approach to understanding the Neolithic flint mines of southern Britain.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Foreword -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 -- Mining and Materiality -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Aims of this Study -- 1.3 Outline of the Argument -- 1.4 Flint Mines and Materiality -- Chapter 2 -- Situating Flint Mines in Neolithic Studies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Mining on Different Geology -- 2.3 Tracing Functional Interpretations -- 2.4 Axes: Product and Purpose? -- 2.5 An Overview of Sites Studied -- 2.6 The Context and Location of Mines -- 2.7 Chronology -- 2.8 Deposition and Art at Flint Mines -- 2.9 Conclusion -- Figure 2.1 Map of southern England showing the location of Neolithic flint mines -- Figure 2.2 Recalibrated radiocarbon dates from Neolithic Langdale axe quarries (after Bradley and Edmonds 1993: 81 [Thunacar Knott BM 676, 4474 +/- 52], 113 [Stake Beck OXA-2181, 4790 +/- 50] 116 [Harrison Stickle BM 2625, 4870 +/- 50], 117 [Harrison Stic -- Figure 2.3 Plan of Easton Down (redrawn from Stone 1931: 351) -- Figure 2.4 Plan of Long Down (redrawn from Russell 2000: 82) -- Figure 2.5 Plan of Harrow Hill (redrawn from Russell 2000: 76) -- Figure 2.6 Plan of Grimes Graves (redrawn from Longworth and Varndell 1991: front pull out) -- Figure 2.7 Plan of Stoke Down (redrawn from Barber et al. 1999: 59) -- Figure 2.8 Plan of Martin's Clump (redrawn from Barber et al. 1999: 36) -- Figure 2.9 Plan of Cissbury (redrawn from Barber et al. 1999: 29) -- Figure 2.10 Plan of Blackpatch (redrawn from Pull in Russell 2001: 25-6) -- Figure 2.11 Plan of Church Hil (redrawn from Pull in Russell 2001: 88) -- Figure 2.12 Table of possible number of shafts or pits at each site (after Barber et al. 1999) -- Figure 2.13 Table of approximate depth of shafts at each site (data summarised from Russell 2000: 70-84).

Figure 2.14 Recalibrated radiocarbon dates from Neolithic flint mines (Barber et al. 81-2 -- Calibrated using OXCAL v.4.2, IntCal 13, Bronk Ramsay 2009) -- Figure 2.15 Table of suggested chronological activity at mine sites -- Chapter 3 -- Addressing Functionality with Materiality and Phenomenology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A History of Artefact Studies -- 3.3 Defining Archaeological Artefacts and their Ambiguity -- 3.4 Theoretical Basis of this Study: Integrating Materiality and Personhood -- 3.5 Applying Structured Deposition -- 3.6 Methodology -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Chapter 4 -- Non-Portable Chalk: Art and Artefacts -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chalk Art as Functional and Non-Functional Evidence -- 4.3 Considering Chalk Art and Deposits as Artefacts -- 4.4 Chalk Art in the Flint Mines -- 4.5 Comparisons with Contemporary Monuments -- 4.6 Understanding Chalk Art and Non-Portable Artefacts in the Neolithic -- 4.7 Conclusion -- Figure 4.1 No 2 Escarpment Shaft, Cissbury (after Lane Fox 1876). Scoring was at the entrance of the south gallery and a lattice pattern at the entrance of the west gallery. A double cross and associated 'pick hole' were found on the south wall of an inne -- Figure 4.2 Shaft 27, Cissbury (after Russell 2001, 112 -- 170). Art was present 15 feet (4.58m) down on the shaft wall to the east, a metre above the shaft floor at 18 feet (5.5m) and opposite the skeleton (found in the west gallery), though this was not il -- Figure 4.3 The Cissbury cave pit complex art (after Barber et al. 1999: 50) -- © English Heritage. A reversed numerical '4' with an additional vertical line was in Shaft I above the entrance to the east gallery yet within the gallery itself and 2 feet 6 inc -- Figure 4.4 The Cissbury cave pit complex, architectural features (after Barber et al. 1999: 51 -- Shaft approximate scale, art not to scale).

Figure 4.5 Harrow Hill Shaft 21/13 Complex (after Barber et al. 1999: 51 -- Curwen and Curwen 1926 -- McNabb et al. 1996). © English Heritage. A total of seven examples of chalk art were found in Shaft 21 (after Curwen and Curwen 1926: 121. 126). Graffiti 7 w -- Figure 4.6 Photograph of chalk block from Harrow Hill (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 4.7 Table of flint mine shafts with art -- Figure 4.8 Photograph of The Trundle chalk ammonite (photograph author -- ©Lewes Museum) -- Figure 4.9 Photograph of The Trundle incised block (photograph author -- © the Novium [a service provided by Chichester District Council]. All rights reserved) -- Figure 4.10 Table of art and decorated blocks within Neolithic monuments contemporary to the flint mines -- Figure 4.11 Table of the types of decoration on deposited chalk blocks -- Figure 4.12 Photograph of the Fyfield Down polissoir (photograph author) -- Figure 4.13 Photographs of polissoirs at Lewes Museum, LM1 above, LM2 below (photographs author -- © Lewes Museum) -- Figure 4.14 Location of polissoirs at West Kennet (after Piggott 1962 -- approximate scale) -- Chapter 5 -- Portable Chalk Artefacts -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Emerging Understandings: A History of Portable Chalk Artefacts -- 5.3 Structuring Typology: Adding Categorisation -- 5.4. Chalk Artefact Typology and Categorisation -- 5.5 Including Portable Chalk Artefacts from Mines with Comparable Forms -- 5.6 Chalk Artefact Forms in Regional Context -- 5.7 Understanding Portable Chalk Artefacts -- 5.8 Conclusion -- Figure 5.1 Table summarising Varndell's (1991:100-3) suggested typology for chalk objects -- Figure 5.2 Table summarising the revised chalk typology -- Figure 5.3 Table of Varndell's (1991) categories, with those altered within Figure 5.4 in bold.

Figure 5.4 Table of recategorised artefacts following Figure 5.2 -- Figure 5.5 Table summarising the numbers of chalk artefacts in the mines -- Figure 5.6 Photograph of Blackpatch chalk axe (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 5.7 Photograph of Cissbury Shaft 27 burial charms (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 5.8 Photographs of chalk cylinders from Blackpatch (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 5.9 Photograph of Church Hill chalk disc (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 5.10 Photograph of The Lavant Drum (photograph author -- © the Novium [a service provided by Chichester District Council]. All rights reserved) -- Figure 5.11 Photographs of Church Hill plaque surface (left) and base (right) (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 5.12 Photographs of Church Hill plaque sides where ochre slip can be seen (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 5.13 Table of mining sites with early-mid Neolithic chalk artefacts -- Figure 5.14 Table of mining sites with mid-late Neolithic chalk artefacts -- Figure 5.15 Table of chalk artefacts in contemporary early-mid Neolithic monuments -- Figure 5.16 Table of chalk artefacts in contemporary early Neolithic long barrows -- Figure 5.17 Table of chalk artefacts in contemporary late Neolithic to early Bronze Age monuments -- Figure 5.18 Table illustrating a chronology of chalk artefacts in Neolithic Britain -- Figure 5.19 Chart comparing chalk artefact types at different Early Neolithic monuments -- Figure 5.20 Chart comparing chalk artefact types between later Neolithic monuments -- Chapter 6 -- Natural Objects to Cultural Artefacts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2. Reconsidering Animal and Human Remains -- 6.3 Expanding Contexts: Creating Artefacts.

6.4 Excavated Artefacts -- 6.5 Transformed Artefacts -- 6.6 Aesthetic Deposits: Two Examples -- 6.7 A Special Case: Human Genital Forms and Mutable Substances -- 6.8 Conclusion -- Figure 6.1 Photograph of flint nodule resembling a cat skull, Blackpatch 2005 (photograph author) -- Figure 6.2 Photograph of Cissbury Shaft 27 flint/fossil phallus (now lost -- photograph courtesy of David Field) -- Figure 6.3 Photograph of phallic grouping from Durrington Walls (photograph Mike Parker Pearson) -- Figure 6.4 Photograph of assorted fossils from Pull's excavations (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 6.5 Photograph of fossils from Pull's excavations (photograph author -- © Worthing Museum and Art Gallery) -- Figure 6.6 Table of the deposits of fossil, antler and animal bone from the flint mine shafts -- Figure 6.7 Table of Neolithic and Bronze Age phalli (adapted from Teather 2007) -- Chapter 7 -- Beyond Extraction -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 This Study -- 7.3 Expanding Interpretations -- 7.4 Negotiating Presence -- Bibliography -- Andersen, S. 1989. Norsminde. A køkkenmødding with late Mesolithic and early Neolithic occupation. Journal of Danish Archaeology 8: 13-40. -- Index.