Brochs and the Empire : : the impact of Rome on Iron Age Scotland as seen in the Leckie Broch excavations /

Brochs and the Empire : : the impact of Rome on Iron Age Scotland as seen in the Leckie Broch excavations / / Euan W. MacKie.

"The excavation of the Leckie Iron Age broch in Stirlingshire, Scotland, took place during the 1970s after the author had been asked to organise the work by a local archaeological society. At that stage the author did not consider - despite its location - that the site might vividly reflect the...

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Bibliographic Details
Superior document:Archaeopress archaeology
VerfasserIn:
MacKie, Euan Wallace,
Place / Publishing House:Oxford : : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd,, [2016]
©2016
Year of Publication:2016
Language:English
Series:Archaeopress archaeology.
Physical Description:1 online resource (x, 168 pages) :; illustrations, maps.
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Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: Design and layout of the book
  • Problems in writing this report
  • Acknowledgement of assistance
  • Primary acknowledgements
  • pt. 1 The Impact of Rome on Iron Age Scotland
  • 1.1. The historical context
  • 1.2. Improving information from archaeology
  • 1.3. The Roman Army invasions of Scotland
  • 1.3.1. Summary of the Imperial Army's actions
  • 1.3.2. The contemporary story of the late first century invasion
  • 1.4. Roman influence on daily life
  • 1.4.1. Roman finds on Iron Age sites
  • 1.4.2. Social explanations for these phenomena
  • 1.4.3. Detailed evidence from Leckie favours the `friendly Romans' theory
  • Roman glass
  • Iron tools of Roman type
  • A Roman Bronze Mirror
  • Probable Roman bronze fragments
  • Roman pottery
  • The presence of lead on the site
  • 1.5. The impact of the Army's first three invasions on Leckie broch
  • 1.5.1. The apparently peaceful period in Flavian times
  • 1.5.2. The destruction in the Antonine period
  • 1.5.3. The Severan invasion
  • 1.5.4. Events at two neighbouring brochs in Stirlingshire
  • 1. Fairy Knowe, Buchlyvie
  • 2. Torwood broch, Dunipace
  • 1.6. Governor Agricola's navy
  • 1.6.1. Information from Roman sources
  • 1.6.2. Information from archaeological evidence
  • 1.6.3. The west coast and its possible harbours
  • 1.6.4. Events at Dun Ardtreck semibroch, Skye
  • Is Loch Harport Portus Trucculensis?
  • 1.7. The brochs of southern Scotland
  • pt. 2 Background to the Excavations
  • 2.1. The situation of the site and its significance
  • 2.2. Discovery of the site
  • 2.3. How the excavations began
  • 2.4. The site before excavation
  • 2.5. The recording system
  • Horizontal co-ordinates
  • Vertical recording
  • 2.6. The basic site sequence
  • Early
  • Phase 1?
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 3a
  • Phase 3b
  • Phase 3b (late)
  • Phase 3c
  • Phase 4a
  • 4a.1
  • 4a.2
  • Phase 4b
  • Phase 5a
  • Phase 5b
  • Phase 5c
  • Phase 6
  • Phase 7
  • 2.8. The study of site stratigraphy
  • 2.8. Acknowledgements
  • pt. 3 The Basic Stratigraphy of the Site
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Summary of basic stratigraphical evidence
  • 3.2.1. The drystone structures
  • 3.2.2. The internal layers
  • 3.2.3. The sequence of stone hearths (Illus. 3.22)
  • 3.2.4. The intra-mural stairway
  • 3.3. Basic data 1: the wall foundations
  • 3.3.1. The broch (constructed in Phase 2): the north wall. (Illus 2.3)
  • 3.3.2. The broch: The south wall
  • 3.3.3. The promontory fort
  • 3.3.4. Conclusions about the wall foundations
  • 3.4. Basic data 2: the sequences of layers
  • 3.4.1. Introduction
  • 3.4.2. External sections on the north
  • 3.4.3. External sections on the south side
  • 3.4.4. The main internal sections
  • The inner face on the west side
  • The upper two rubble layers
  • The two occupation layers
  • The strata under the broch floor
  • 3.5. Basic data 3: the stone structures
  • 3.5.1. The broch and the later stone roundhouse
  • 3.5.2. The history of the stairway
  • Evidence that it is of a broch
  • The assumed original form of the stair
  • After the broch's destruction
  • After the abandonment of the roundhouse
  • During the building of the promontory fort
  • 3.6. Basic data 4: structural features in the interior
  • 3.6.1. Post-holes in the primary level
  • 3.6.2. Broch paving_(Illus. 3.20)
  • 3.7. Basic data 5: the sequence of hearths
  • 3.8. Basic data 6: the dimensions of the structures
  • 3.9. Dating the site Phases
  • 3.9.1. Radiocarbon dates (Appendix 4.2.4) (Illus. 3.27)
  • The early dates
  • The twenty accurate radiocarbon dates
  • 3.9.2. Roman imports
  • pt. 4 Occupation Phases and Daily Life
  • 4.1. The Early Phase: rock shelter and rock carvings
  • 4.1.1. The rock carvings (Illus. 4.1)
  • 4.1.2. Deposits and structures
  • 4.2. Phase 1? a possible small wooden hut?
  • 4.3. Phases 2 & 3a: Broch construction and first occupation
  • 4.3.1. Structures and stratigraphy
  • 4.3.2. Material culture
  • Bronze artefacts (2 & 3a)
  • Iron artefacts (2 and 3a)
  • Lead artefacts (2 & 3a)
  • Stone artefacts and minerals (2 & 3a)
  • Roman pottery (2 & 3a
  • see Appendix 00)
  • Roman glass (2 & 3a)
  • Native glass artifact (2 & 3a) (Appendix?)
  • Fired clay (2 & 3a)
  • Wooden artefacts (2 & 3a)
  • Radiocarbon dates (2 & 3a) (Appendix 00)
  • 4.4. Phase 3b: the second occupation of the broch
  • 4.4.1. Structures and stratigraphy
  • 4.4.2. Material culture
  • Bronze artefacts (3b)
  • Iron artefacts (3b)
  • Lead artefacts (3b)
  • Stone artefacts (3b)
  • Roman pottery (3b)
  • Roman glass vessels (3b)
  • Roman bronze mirror (3b
  • 876) (Appendix 11)
  • Fired clay (3b)
  • Wooden artefacts (3b)
  • Bone and antler artefacts (3b)
  • Miscellaneous objects (3b)
  • 4.5. Phase 3c: the destruction of the broch
  • 4.5.1. Stratigraphy
  • 4.5.2. Material culture
  • Bronze artefacts (3c)
  • Iron artefacts (3c)
  • Lead artefacts (3c)
  • Stone artefacts (3c)
  • Roman coins (3c)
  • Roman pottery and glass vessels (3c) (Appendix 0)
  • Roman glass ornaments (3c)
  • Iron Age glass ornaments (3c) (Appendix 00)
  • Fired clay (3c)
  • Wood and grain (3c)
  • Bone (3c)
  • Miscellaneous (3c) (including, flint, quartz etc.)
  • 4.6. Phase 4b: the post-broch roundhouse
  • 4.6.1. Structures and stratigraphy
  • 4.6.2. Material culture
  • Bronze artefacts (4b)
  • Iron artefacts (4b)
  • Lead artefacts (4b)
  • Stone artefacts (4b)
  • Roman imports (4b): 1. The north external midden
  • Roman imports (4b): 2. The interior floor layer
  • Native glass ornaments (4b)
  • Artefacts of fired clay (4b)
  • Bone artefacts (4b)
  • 4.7. Phase 5: the unfinished promontory fort
  • 4.7.1. Structures and stratigraphy
  • 4.7.2. Material culture
  • 4.8. Phase 6: the abandoned site
  • 4.9. Unstratified finds
  • Bronze artefacts
  • Iron artefacts
  • Lead artefacts
  • Stone artefacts
  • Glass artefacts
  • Roman artefacts
  • Fired clay artefacts
  • Wooden artefacts
  • 4.10. Daily life at Leckie
  • 4.10.1. Food
  • 4.10.2. Transport, weapons and social status
  • 4.10.3. Domestic activities
  • 4.10.4. Games and ornaments
  • signs of status?
  • 4.10.5. Manual skills
  • 4.10.6. Metalworking
  • Bronze
  • Iron
  • Lead
  • 4.10.7. A Last Intriguing Object
  • Carved Pebble-Head (Illus.4.26)
  • pt. 5 Bibliography and Appendices
  • 5.1. Bibliography
  • 5.2. Appendix 1: Introduction and on-line data
  • 5.2.1. Change in Phases
  • 5.2.2. Detailed information about the fieldwork.

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