Buried in the Borderlands.

• VerfasserIn: van Tongeren, Tim,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2024.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (562 pages)

This book is the result of a large-scale yet detailed study of early medieval grave furnishings from the Netherlands, aiming at the creation of a comprehensive artefact typology and updated relative chronology for this under-explored period in the Low Countries.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright page -- Acknowledgements -- Contents Page -- Introduction -- Historiography -- Cemetery research and publications -- Germany - The Franken Arbeitsgruppe -- Germany - Siegmund -- Typological studies -- England - Evison and Brugmann -- England - Hines and Bayliss -- France - Legoux, Périn and Vallet -- Germany - Koch -- Artefact type-specific schemes -- The Netherlands in the early medieval period -- Conversion in Gaul during the Roman period -- Conversion in the Frankish Empire -- Maastricht as a bishopric -- The first bishop of Maastricht? -- Spread of Christianity along the river Meuse -- Christianisation of the southwestern Netherlands -- Frankish interest in the central Netherlands -- Frisian settlement in the northern Netherlands -- Expansion of the Frisian empire -- Tensions in the central river zone -- Conversion of the northern Netherlands -- The Carolingian kingdom -- Methodology -- Data collection -- Data selection -- Biological sex and gender identity -- Creating the spreadsheet for Correspondence Analysis -- Non-artefact data -- Using beads in Correspondence Analysis -- Correspondence Analysis -- Structuring the spreadsheets -- Revised dates based on data from the Netherlands -- Creating a new typology -- Phasing of the Dutch early medieval period -- Introduction to the cemeteries -- 1 - Oosterbeintum -- 2 - Wijster -- 3 - Zweeloo -- 4 - Katwijk -- 5 - Rijnsburg -- 6 - Valkenburg -- 7 - Den Haag -- 8 - Wageningen -- 9 - Elst -- 10 - Rhenen -- 11 - Lent -- 12 - Meerveldhoven -- 13 - Veldhoven -- 14 - Hoogeloon -- 15 - Bergeijk -- 16 - Posterholt -- 17 - Obbicht -- 18 - Sittard -- 19 - Stein -- 20 - Borgharen -- 21 - Maastricht -- The cemeteries that do not feature in the research -- A revised date for inhumations from the Netherlands -- A baseline date for each male-gender inhumation.

Coins from- and absolute dates for male-gender inhumations -- Outcomes of Correspondence Analysis for the male-gender inhumations -- The expected outcome of Correspondence Analysis -- A baseline date for each female-gender inhumation -- Coins from female-gender inhumations -- Absolute dates from female-gender inhumations -- Outcomes of Correspondence Analysis for the female-gender inhumations -- Typology -- The structure of the typology -- Buckles and belt fittings -- BU-1: Late antique buckles -- BU-1a Animal head buckle with a moveable plate. -- BU-1b Animal head buckle with a fixed plate. -- BU-1c Belt sets with integrated buckle and chip-carved decoration. -- BU-2: Early Merovingian buckles -- BU-2a Early Merovingian buckles with a back-plate. -- BU-2b Buckles with a rectangular back-plate and applied garnet decoration. -- BU-3: Buckles without a back-plate -- BU-3a Buckles with a kidney-shaped loop. -- BU-3b Buckles with a circular loop -- BU-3c Buckles with an oval iron loop and damascene decoration. -- BU-3d Buckles with a club-shaped tongue. -- BU-3e Buckles with a shield-shaped tongue base. -- BU-3f Buckles with a mushroom-shaped tongue base. -- BU-3g Copper-alloy buckles with an iron tongue. -- BU-3h Buckles with a rectangular loop. -- BU-3i Copper-alloy shoe buckles with an oval loop. -- BU-3j Circular- or shield-shaped rivets -- BU-4: Copper-alloy belt fittings -- BU-4a Copper-alloy belt fittings with a decorated triangular back-plate. -- BU-4b Copper-alloy belt fittings with an undecorated triangular back-plate. -- BU-4c Copper-alloy belt fittings with an undecorated triangular back-plate and faux rivets -- BU-4d Copper-alloy belt fittings with a profiled triangular back-plate and cast animal-style decoration. -- BU-4e Copper-alloy belt fittings with cut-away decoration and garnet inlay.

BU-4f Buckles of copper-alloy with an outline back-plate -- BU-4g Copper-alloy buckles with a triangular back-plate and foil inlay -- BU-4h Buckles with a tongue-shaped backplate, hinge construction and degenerated animal style decoration. -- BU-4i Buckles with a round back-plate and stamped decoration -- BU-4j Small buckles with a fixed triangular back-plate. -- BU-4k Small buckles with a fixed round back-plate. -- BU-4l Small belt fittings with a rectangular loop and a fixed triangular or bar-shaped back-plate. -- BU-5: Iron belt fittings -- BU-5a Iron belt fittings with a semi-circular back-plate. -- BU-5b Iron belt fittings with a roughly triangular back-plate and four or more rivets. -- BU-5c Iron belt fitting with a roughly triangular back-plate and three rivets. -- BU-5d Iron belt fittings with a triangular back-plate and damascene decoration in geometric style. -- BU-5e Iron belt fittings with a triangular back-plate and polychrome damascene decoration in animal-style. -- BU-5f Iron belt fittings with a triangular back-plate with polychrome damascene decoration in degenerated animal-style. -- BU-5g Belt fittings of type 'Ophoven'. -- BU-5h Buckles with a hinge bar and a folded rectangular back-plate. -- BU-5i Shoe buckles with polychrome decoration. -- Pottery -- PO-1: Biconical vessels with a concave upper wall -- PO-1a Large biconical vessels with a strongly concave upper wall. -- PO-1b Biconical vessels with a slightly concave upper wall. -- PO-1c Small biconical vessels with a concave upper wall. -- PO-2: Biconical vessels with a straight upper wall -- PO-2a Biconical vessels - undecorated. -- PO-2b Biconical vessels - undecorated - slender -- PO-2c Small biconical vessels made of undecorated coarse ware. -- PO-2d Biconical vessels with incised lines and rosette stamp decoration.

PO-2e Biconical vessels with a straight upper wall and single stamp decoration -- PO-2f Biconical vessels with a decoration of horizontal incised lines. -- PO-2g Biconical vessels with a combined decoration of horizontal incised lines and incised waves -- PO-2h Biconical vessels with decoration and a foot ring -- PO-2i Biconical vessels with a double-ribbed upper wall -- PO-2j Biconical vessels of made of coarse ware with a rounded carination -- PO-3: Biconical vessels with a straight upper wall and roulette stamp decoration -- PO-3a Biconical vessels with a single-line roulette stamp decoration of rectangular or square impressions -- PO-3b Biconical vessels with a multi-line roulette stamp decoration of rectangular or square impressions -- PO-3c Biconical vessels with a roulette stamp decoration of triangles or chevrons. -- PO-3d Biconical vessels with a complex interrupted roulette stamp decoration. -- PO-3e Biconical vessels with a complex uninterrupted roulette stamp decoration. -- PO-3f Biconical vessels with a complex uninterrupted roulette stamp decoration - slender -- PO-4: Ovoid vessels -- PO-4a Ovoid vessels with a large opening and incised decoration - no gallery -- PO-4b Ovoid vessels with an egg-shaped body and a coarse rim - no gallery -- PO-4c Ovoid vessels with a bowl-shaped body and a coarse rim - no gallery -- PO-4d Ovoid vessels with a particularly broad or narrow shape and a refined rim - no gallery -- PO-4e Large ovoid vessels - no gallery -- PO-4f Ovoid vessels with a heart-shaped profile and a narrow base - with a gallery -- PO-4g Ovoid vessels with a roughly heart-shaped profile and a broad base - with a gallery -- PO-4h Ovoid vessels with a rounded or globular shape - with a gallery -- PO-4i Ovoid vessels with a barrel- or egg shape - with a gallery -- PO-4j Large ovoid vessels with a barrel- or egg shape - with a gallery.

PO-4k Rounded vessels with a high shoulder and incised decoration - with a gallery -- PO-4l Large vessels with a high shoulder and incised decoration - no gallery -- PO-5: Anglo-Saxon pottery -- PO-5a Anglo-Saxon pottery -- PO-6: Bowls -- PO-6a Bowls with a pedestal and a s-shaped profile - reduced bake -- PO-6b Gallo-Roman bowls of Samian ware 'Chenet 320' -- PO-6c Gallo-Roman bowls of Samian ware 'Brulet 414' -- PO-6d Flat bowls with a foot ring and a horizontal rim -- PO-6e Conical bowls with a rough surface, flat base and an inverted rim -- PO-6f Biconical bowls with a strongly concave upper wall and a flat base -- PO-6g Biconical bowls with a straight- or slightly concave upper wall and a flat base -- PO-6h Biconical bowls with a pedestal and a straight upper wall - oxidised bake -- PO-6i Biconical bowls of coarse ware with a pedestal and an undercut rim -- PO-6j Biconical bowls with a straight upper wall, a smooth surface and a flat base -- PO-6k Biconical bowls of red-painted ware (Frankish Samian ware) -- PO-6l Rounded bowls of red-painted ware (Frankish Samian ware) -- PO-6m Bowls with carinated walls and a foot stand -- PO-7: Jugs -- PO-7a Trefoil jugs - slender -- PO-7b Trefoil jugs - broad -- PO-7c Biconical jugs -- PO-7d Jugs with a broad neck, a round opening and a single handle -- PO-7e Jugs with a narrow neck and a single handle -- PO-7f Pitchers with an extremely broad neck and a single handle -- PO-8: Bottles -- PO-8a Bottles with a narrow neck -- PO-9: Hand formed pottery -- PO-9a Vessels with perforated lugs -- PO-9b Hand formed rounded vessels -- PO-9c Hand formed biconical vessels -- PO-9d Hand formed bowls -- PO-9e Hand formed beakers -- PO-9f Hand formed cups with a handle -- PO-9g Hand formed vessels with 'noses' -- PO-10: Miscellaneous vessels -- PO-10a Ribbed beakers without a pronounced foot.

PO-10b Ribbed beakers with a pronounced foot.