Late Iron Age and Roman Settlement at Bozeat Quarry, Northamptonshire.

• Author: Atkins, Rob.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2018.; ©2018.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (204 pages)

MOLA (formerly Northamptonshire Archaeology), has undertaken intermittent archaeological work within Bozeat Quarry, Northamptonshire, over a twenty-year period from 1995-2016 covering an area of 59ha. This volume presents excavation findings including evidence of a Late Iron Age and Roman Settlement.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1: Introduction -- Project background -- Historical and archaeological background -- Late Iron Age/Roman period -- Saxon/medieval and later -- Location, topography and geology -- Archaeological work within Bozeat Quarry 1996-2016 -- 1996 -- Desk-based assessment (NA 1996) -- Fieldwalking (Holmes 1996) -- Geophysical Survey (Holmes 1996) -- Field 2 (Northern Settlement area) -- Field 3 -- Field 4 -- Metal-detecting survey (Holmes 1996) -- Trial excavation (Holmes 1997) -- Test pits in Fields 1 and 4 -- Trial trenching -- 1997 Brief (Kidd 1997) -- 2000 Project Design (NA 2000) -- 2001 excavations -- 2001-2016 Excavations and watching briefs. -- 2002 watching brief -- 2003 and 2004 watching brief -- 2005 watching brief -- 2006 watching brief -- 2007 watching Brief -- 2008 watching brief -- 2009 watching brief -- 2010 watching brief -- 2011 watching brief -- 2012 watching brief -- 2013 watching brief -- 2014 and 2016 watching brief -- Site phasing -- Figure 1.1 Site location -- Figure 1.2 Contours, cropmarks, field boundaries and Historic Environment Record (HER) overlaid by the areas of greatest archaeological interest defined in the archaeological brief (Kidd 1997) -- Figure 1.3 Fieldwalking-Roman pottery distribution overlaying archaeological features (after Holmes 1996 fig 5) -- Figure 1.4 Fieldwalking early-middle Saxon pottery distribution overlaying archaeological features (after Holmes 1996 fig 6) -- Figure 1.5 Geophysical survey -- Figure 1.6 Trial trenching and test pits 1997 -- Figure 1.7 Archaeological work by area and year -- Figure 1.8 General site plan -- 2: The archaeological evidence -- Period 1: Bronze Age to early Iron Age (c2000-400BC) -- Cremation burial 52 -- Pit alignment.

Period 2: Middle to late Iron Age (c200BC to cAD 30) -- Introduction -- Southern Settlement (Field 3 -- Area 2) -- Middle and southern extent of middle/late Iron Age settlement -- Routeway 1 leading towards Ring Ditches 1 and 2 [628 and 675/677] -- Boundary ditch [656/737] and curvilinear ditch [767] to the west -- Boundary ditches in the southern half of the settlement -- Pit Group 1 -- Possible boundary ditches [613 and 604] close to the two ring ditches -- Southern Settlement boundary -- Four ditches to the east of boundary ditch [656/737] -- Linear and curvilinear ditches [681,683/764, 673/679, 685/693, 695, 699 and 10010] -- Pit Groups 2-4 in the south-eastern area -- Pits [731 and 739] -- Northern part of middle/late Iron Age settlement -- Period 3: Late pre-Roman Iron Age to late Roman (cAD 30 - c400) -- Northern Settlement (cAD 30- middle/late 2nd century AD) -- Period 3.1: The Northern Settlement - late Iron Age to early Roman (cAD30 - 100) -- Pits in a possible open settlement -- Planned settlement? -- C-shaped Enclosures 3 and 4 -- Paddock 1 on northern side of Routeway 2 -- Pits or slots [95, 96 and 98] -- Routeway 2 -- Enclosure 5 -- Boundaries of Enclosure 5 -- Paddock 2 and Routeway 3 within the western side of Enclosure 5 -- Sub-division(s) within Enclosure 5? -- Paddocks and pits on the northern side of Enclosure 5 -- Pottery kilns (Figs 2.5-2.11) -- Possible kiln/feature [78] -- Kiln [89] (Fig 2.5) -- Kiln [100] -- Kiln [99] -- Kiln [106] (Fig 2.6) -- Kiln [109] (Fig 2.6) -- Kiln [127] (Fig 2.7) -- Kiln [174] (Fig 2.8) -- Kiln [175] (Fig 2.9) -- Kiln [176] (Fig 2.10) -- Kiln [177] (Fig 2.11) -- Kiln [178] -- Enclosure 6 -- Internal sub-divisions within Enclosure 6 -- Pits and a posthole within Enclosure 6 -- Fields and paddocks on the south side of the Northern Settlement.

Period 3.2: Northern Settlement, early Roman (cAD100 - 150/175) -- Cemetery 1 -- T-shaped corn dryer [170] -- Ditches [129 and 138] -- Pit group 5, other pits, waterhole and postholes -- Period 3: Southern Settlement, late Iron Age and Roman (cAD 30 - cAD 400) -- Period 3.1: The Southern Settlement - late Iron Age to early Roman (cAD30 - 100) -- Central and western areas of main domestic settlement -- Distribution of coins and brooches -- Ring Ditch 3 -- Enclosure 7 and related field system -- Area with a possible structure and pits -- Paddock 11, Routeway 4 and other fragmentary ditches and pits -- Burials -- Cremation burial [231] and inhumation [263] -- Cremations burials [7122 and 7124] -- Domestic settlement area -- Eastern area (Fig 2.20) -- Enclosure 8 and external ditches -- Kiln [5068] -- Pits -- Field system in the south and south-eastern areas (Period 3.1) (Fig 2.23) -- Features within the southern area -- Possible oven [534/536] -- Possible routeway [44 and 36] -- Features within the far south-eastern area -- Possible kiln/oven [649] -- Features in the northern part of the south-eastern area -- Field system in the Northern area Period 3.1 (cAD30 -cAD100) -- Enclosure 9 -- Internal divisions within Enclosure 9 -- External features to south-eastern of Enclosure 9 -- External paddocks to south of Enclosure 9 -- West of Enclosure 9 -- Period 3.2: early Roman (cAD 100-150/175) -- Domestic area -- Compartmentalised field system -- Other ditches and pits outside the compartmentalised feature to the north-east -- Period 3.2: early Roman field systems in the southern part of the settlement -- Northern field area (cAD 100-150/175) -- Pit Group 7 -- 2006 settlement area -- A possible building and pits -- Stone building (walls 56 and 156) and possible courtyard surface -- Corn dryer or malting oven [73/84].

Field system to the north of the settlement -- Overview of Period 3.3b field system -- Main field system area -- Period 3.3: middle to late Roman (cAD 150/175 - 400) -- Period 4: early to middle Saxon -- Intrusive Saxon artefacts -- Saxon features -- Cemetery 2 (Human burials 11-14) -- Period 5: Medieval to post-medieval -- Figure 2.1. Bronze Age to early Iron Age features in northern area (Field 2) -- Figure 2.2. Bronze Age to early Iron Age northern area cremation urn (50) -- Figure 2.3. Southern Settlement middle to late Iron Age settlement -- Figure 2.4 late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement -- Figure 2.5 Late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement kiln [89] -- Figure 2.6 Late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement kilns [106 and 109] -- Figure 2.7 Late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement kiln [127] -- Figure 2.8 Late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement kiln [174] -- Figure 2.9 Late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement kiln [175] -- Figure 2.10 Late Iron Age to early Roman Northern Settlement kiln [176] -- Figure 2.12. Early Roman Northern Settlement -- Figure 2.13. Early Roman Northern Settlement HB5 [171], looking north -- Figure 2.14. Early Roman Northern Settlement corn dryer [170] -- Figure 2.15. Late Iron Age to late Roman Southern Settlement -- Figure 2.16. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement 'domestic' area -- Figure 2.17. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement brooch and coin distribution map and human burials located -- Figure 2.18. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement burial [263] -- Figure 2.19. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement cremation burial [7124] -- Figure 2.20. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement eastern part of the 'domestic' area -- Figure 2.21. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement kiln [5068].

Figure 2.22. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement pit [5092] -- Figure 2.23. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement field system in the south-eastern area -- Figure 2.24. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement oven [534/536] -- Figure 2.25. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement kiln [649] -- Figure 2.26. Late Iron Age to early Roman Southern Settlement field system in the northern area -- Figure 2.27. Early Roman Southern Settlement -- Figure 2.28. Early Roman Southern Settlement southern area -- Figure 2.29. Early Roman Southern Settlement southern area pit [89], looking south-east -- Figure 2.30. Early Roman Southern Settlement southern area pits [111 and 100] -- Figure 2.31. Early Roman Southern Settlement field system in the northern and eastern areas -- Figure 2.32. Middle to late Roman Southern Settlement southern area -- Figure 2.33. Middle to late Roman Southern Settlement southern area building wall (56) -- Figure 2.34. Middle to late Roman Southern Settlement southern area corn dryer or malting oven [73/84] -- Figure 2.35. Middle to late Roman Southern Settlement central area -- Figure 2.36. Early to middle Anglo-Saxon features -- Figure 2.37. Early to middle Saxon inhumation [741] (Cemetery 2) -- Figure 2.38. Early to middle Saxon inhumation [744] (Cemetery 2) -- Figure 2.39. Early to middle Saxon inhumation [747] (Cemetery 2) -- Figure 2.40. Early to middle Saxon inhumation [756] (Cemetery 2) -- 3: Finds -- A prehistoric burial urn -- Iron Age and Roman pottery -- Summary -- Pottery overview -- Period 1: Bronze Age to early Iron Age -- Period 2: Middle to late Iron Age -- Periods -- Period 3.1: Late Iron Age to early Roman (cAD 30-100) -- Ditch [145] (fill 132) -- Pottery from the Late Iron Age/early Roman (Period 3.1) features -- Kilns -- Period 3.2: Early Roman (AD 100-150/175).

Period 3.3: Middle to late Roman (AD 150/175- 400).