Structured deposition of animal remains in the fertile crescent during the bronze age / / José Luis Ramos Soldado.
The aim of this research is to draw up a literature review of the structured deposits of animal remains during the third and second millennia BC in the Ancient Near East for its subsequent classification and detailed interpretation.
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Place / Publishing House: | Oxford, England : : Archaeopress Publishing Limited,, [2016] ©2016 |
Year of Publication: | 2016 |
Language: | English |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (68 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Copyright Information
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Abstract
- Acknowledgements
- _GoBack
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Historical and archaeological context
- Table 1. Chronology of the Bronze Age for the Ancient Near East.
- Table 2. Chronology of the Bronze Age for Mesopotamia (after Cryer, 1995).
- 3. Structured deposition of animal remains in the Fertile Crescent during the III Millennium BC
- 3. 1. Structured deposition of animal remains in Syria during the III Millennium BC
- 3. 1. 1. Tell Beydar
- 3. 1. 2. Umm el-Marra
- Equids
- Bovids
- Dogs
- Pigs
- 3. 1. 3. Tell Halawa
- Equids
- Ovicaprines
- 3. 1. 4. Tell Banat
- 3. 1. 5. Abu Hamad
- 3. 1. 6. Tall Bi'a
- 3. 1. 7. Nagar (Tell Brak)
- Equids
- Dogs
- Fish
- 3. 2. Structured deposition of animal remains in Mesopotamia during the III Millennium BC
- 3. 2. 1. al-'Usiyah
- 3. 2. 2. Tell Madhhur
- 3. 2. 3. Uch Tepe (Tell Razuk)
- 3. 2. 4. Tell Abu Qasim
- 3. 2. 5. Kish
- 3. 2. 6. Abu Salabikh
- Equids
- Ovicaprines
- 3. 2. 7. Nippur
- Equids
- Ovicaprines
- 3. 2. 8. Lagash (Tell al-Hiba)
- 3. 2. 9. Ur
- 3. 2. 10. Additional information about other sites
- Fig. 1. Map showing some of the sites discussed in section 3. 1. (Author).
- Fig. 2. Illustration of demoiselle crane anthropoids virgo (after Van Neer, 2000).
- Fig. 3. Articulated equid skeletons found in Installation G, Upper Layer (after Weber, 2012).
- Fig. 4. Section of three main levels of occupation in the public sector at Tell Banat that includes the location of the foundation deposit behind Building 6 (after Porter, 2002b).
- Fig. 5. Skeletons of donkeys 4 (up) and 5 (down) in the original situation they were found at the site (Clutton-Brock, 2001).
- (after Clutton-Brock, 2001).
- Fig. 6. The skeleton of the dog as it was found at Tell Brak (Clutton-Brock, 2001).
- Table. 3. Age, sex, position and orientation of the donkey skeletons found at Tell Brak
- Fig. 7 Yellow-fin black porgy.
- Fig. 8. The seabream skeleton from Tell Brak (Roselló Izquierdo &
- Morales Múñiz, 2001).
- Fig. 9. Location of some of the sites discussed in this section (Author).
- Fig. 10. Tell Madhhur tomb in Trench 5G (after Killick and Roaf, 1979).
- Fig. 11. Burial 12 at Tell Razuk (after Zarins, 1986).
- Fig. 12. A reconstruction of Burial II (after Zarins 1986).
- Fig. 13. Articulated equid skeleton found in ash-tip at Abu Salabikh (after Postgate, 1986).
- Fig. 14. Equids found at Grave 162 (after Postgate, 1986).
- Fig. 15 Plan of Grave 162 showing the five equids in what have been considered their original position (after Postgate, 1983).
- Fig. 16. Plan of Burial 14, Level XIIIB Chamber (after McMahon, 2006).
- Fig. 17. Equid skeleton at Burial 14 (after McMahon, 2006).
- Fig. 18. Ovicaprine skeletons located next to skeleton 3 at Burial 14 (after McMahon, 2006).
- Fig. 19. Articulated onager skeleton found at Lagash (Area C) (after Zarins 1986).
- Fig. 20. Plan of PG 789 (after Baadsgaard et al., 2012).
- Fig. 21. Plan of PG 800 (after Baadsgaard et al., 2012).
- 4. Structured deposition of animal remains in the
- Fertile Crescent during the II Millennium BC
- 4. 1. Structured deposition of animal remains in Mesopotamia during the II Millennium BC
- 4. 1. 1. Tell Ababra
- 4. 1. 2. Isin
- 4. 2. Structured deposition of animal remains in Syria during the II Millennium BC
- 4. 2. 1. Umm el-Marra
- 4. 3. Structured deposition of animal remains in the Levant during the II Millennium BC
- 4. 3. 1. Azor
- 4. 3. 2. Sasa
- 4. 3. 3. Tell 'Akko
- 4. 3. 4. Megiddo
- 4. 3. 5. Sidon
- 4. 3. 6. Shechem
- 4. 3. 7. Jericho.
- Equids
- Ovicaprines
- 4. 3. 8. Gezer
- 4. 3. 10. Jebel Qa'aqir
- 4. 3. 11. Tell el-'Ajjul
- 4. 3. 12. Tell Jemmeh
- 4. 3. 13. Tel Haror
- 4. 3. 9. Tell Beth-Shemesh
- 4. 3. 14. Additional information about other sites
- Table. 4. Age ratio of animals found in Shaft 1 (after Schwartz, 2013).
- Fig. 22. Some of the sites discussed in this section (Author).
- Fig. 23. Bovid skeleton found in Tomb 903 at Megiddo (after Guy, 1938).
- (after Doument-Serhal, 2013).
- Fig. 24. Sheep skeleton in Burial 99, Sidon
- Fig. 25. Ovicaprine skeleton found at Shechem in locus 6:18
- Fig. 26. Equid skeleton found at Shechem (after Campbell, 2002).
- in Room 8 (after Campbell, 2002).
- Fig. 27. Equid skeleton found at Locus 10066 (after Leger &
- Zeder, 1988).
- Fig. 28. Raven skeleton found at loculi 8430/82091 at Tel Haror, associated with the
- mandible of a lamb (after Klenck, 2002).
- Fig. 29. Articulated puppy skeleton found in loculi 8430/82443 at Tel Haror (after Klenck, 2002).
- Fig. 30. Articulated skeleton of a juveline dog associated with the fragmented remains of a
- raven at Tel Haror (after Klenck, 2002).
- 5. Discussion
- 5.1. Classification of the explained evidence
- Animal burials inside human graves
- Animal burials related to human graves
- Animal deposits unrelated to human graves
- Animal remains in non-ritual contexts
- Animals in sacred/ritual contexts
- Foundation deposits
- 5. 2. Analysis and interpretation of taxa
- 5. 2. 1. Equids
- Donkey
- Kúnga
- Mule
- Onager
- 5. 2. 2. Dogs
- 5. 2. 3. Sheeps and goats
- 5. 2. 4. Bovids
- 5. 2. 5. Pigs
- 5. 2. 6. Birds
- 5. 2. 7. Fish
- 5. 3. Ritual and sacrifice in the frame of structured deposition of animal remains
- 5. 4. Conclusions
- (after Littauer &
- Crouwel, 1979).
- Fig. 31. Some kúnga pulling from battle wagons depicted in the Standard of Ur (2600 BC)
- 6. Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Appendix A.
- Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site classified by specie, region and period.
- Appendix A. A. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in Syria in the third millennium BC.
- Appendix A. B. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in Mesopotamia/Iraq in the third millennium BC.
- Appendix A. C. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in Mesopotamia/Iraq in the second millennium BC.
- Appendix A. D. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in the Levant in the second millennium BC.
- Appendix B.
- Identification of equid species classified by site and period.
- Appendinx B. B. Specie identification of equid individuals from sites dated to the second millennium BC.
- Appendix B. A. Specie identification of equid individuals from sites dated to the third millennium BC.