Structured deposition of animal remains in the fertile crescent during the bronze age / / José Luis Ramos Soldado.

• VerfasserIn: Ramos Soldado, José Luis,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford, England : : Archaeopress Publishing Limited,, [2016]; ©2016
• Year of Publication: 2016
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (68 pages)

The aim of this research is to draw up a literature review of the structured deposits of animal remains during the third and second millennia BC in the Ancient Near East for its subsequent classification and detailed interpretation.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Copyright Information -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- _GoBack -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical and archaeological context -- Table 1. Chronology of the Bronze Age for the Ancient Near East. -- Table 2. Chronology of the Bronze Age for Mesopotamia (after Cryer, 1995). -- 3. Structured deposition of animal remains in the Fertile Crescent during the III Millennium BC -- 3. 1. Structured deposition of animal remains in Syria during the III Millennium BC -- 3. 1. 1. Tell Beydar -- 3. 1. 2. Umm el-Marra -- Equids -- Bovids -- Dogs -- Pigs -- 3. 1. 3. Tell Halawa -- Equids -- Ovicaprines -- 3. 1. 4. Tell Banat -- 3. 1. 5. Abu Hamad -- 3. 1. 6. Tall Bi'a -- 3. 1. 7. Nagar (Tell Brak) -- Equids -- Dogs -- Fish -- 3. 2. Structured deposition of animal remains in Mesopotamia during the III Millennium BC -- 3. 2. 1. al-'Usiyah -- 3. 2. 2. Tell Madhhur -- 3. 2. 3. Uch Tepe (Tell Razuk) -- 3. 2. 4. Tell Abu Qasim -- 3. 2. 5. Kish -- 3. 2. 6. Abu Salabikh -- Equids -- Ovicaprines -- 3. 2. 7. Nippur -- Equids -- Ovicaprines -- 3. 2. 8. Lagash (Tell al-Hiba) -- 3. 2. 9. Ur -- 3. 2. 10. Additional information about other sites -- Fig. 1. Map showing some of the sites discussed in section 3. 1. (Author). -- Fig. 2. Illustration of demoiselle crane anthropoids virgo (after Van Neer, 2000). -- Fig. 3. Articulated equid skeletons found in Installation G, Upper Layer (after Weber, 2012). -- Fig. 4. Section of three main levels of occupation in the public sector at Tell Banat that includes the location of the foundation deposit behind Building 6 (after Porter, 2002b). -- Fig. 5. Skeletons of donkeys 4 (up) and 5 (down) in the original situation they were found at the site (Clutton-Brock, 2001). -- (after Clutton-Brock, 2001).

Fig. 6. The skeleton of the dog as it was found at Tell Brak (Clutton-Brock, 2001). -- Table. 3. Age, sex, position and orientation of the donkey skeletons found at Tell Brak -- Fig. 7 Yellow-fin black porgy. -- Fig. 8. The seabream skeleton from Tell Brak (Roselló Izquierdo &amp -- Morales Múñiz, 2001). -- Fig. 9. Location of some of the sites discussed in this section (Author). -- Fig. 10. Tell Madhhur tomb in Trench 5G (after Killick and Roaf, 1979). -- Fig. 11. Burial 12 at Tell Razuk (after Zarins, 1986). -- Fig. 12. A reconstruction of Burial II (after Zarins 1986). -- Fig. 13. Articulated equid skeleton found in ash-tip at Abu Salabikh (after Postgate, 1986). -- Fig. 14. Equids found at Grave 162 (after Postgate, 1986). -- Fig. 15 Plan of Grave 162 showing the five equids in what have been considered their original position (after Postgate, 1983). -- Fig. 16. Plan of Burial 14, Level XIIIB Chamber (after McMahon, 2006). -- Fig. 17. Equid skeleton at Burial 14 (after McMahon, 2006). -- Fig. 18. Ovicaprine skeletons located next to skeleton 3 at Burial 14 (after McMahon, 2006). -- Fig. 19. Articulated onager skeleton found at Lagash (Area C) (after Zarins 1986). -- Fig. 20. Plan of PG 789 (after Baadsgaard et al., 2012). -- Fig. 21. Plan of PG 800 (after Baadsgaard et al., 2012). -- 4. Structured deposition of animal remains in the -- Fertile Crescent during the II Millennium BC -- 4. 1. Structured deposition of animal remains in Mesopotamia during the II Millennium BC -- 4. 1. 1. Tell Ababra -- 4. 1. 2. Isin -- 4. 2. Structured deposition of animal remains in Syria during the II Millennium BC -- 4. 2. 1. Umm el-Marra -- 4. 3. Structured deposition of animal remains in the Levant during the II Millennium BC -- 4. 3. 1. Azor -- 4. 3. 2. Sasa -- 4. 3. 3. Tell 'Akko -- 4. 3. 4. Megiddo -- 4. 3. 5. Sidon -- 4. 3. 6. Shechem -- 4. 3. 7. Jericho.

Equids -- Ovicaprines -- 4. 3. 8. Gezer -- 4. 3. 10. Jebel Qa'aqir -- 4. 3. 11. Tell el-'Ajjul -- 4. 3. 12. Tell Jemmeh -- 4. 3. 13. Tel Haror -- 4. 3. 9. Tell Beth-Shemesh -- 4. 3. 14. Additional information about other sites -- Table. 4. Age ratio of animals found in Shaft 1 (after Schwartz, 2013). -- Fig. 22. Some of the sites discussed in this section (Author). -- Fig. 23. Bovid skeleton found in Tomb 903 at Megiddo (after Guy, 1938). -- (after Doument-Serhal, 2013). -- Fig. 24. Sheep skeleton in Burial 99, Sidon -- Fig. 25. Ovicaprine skeleton found at Shechem in locus 6:18 -- Fig. 26. Equid skeleton found at Shechem (after Campbell, 2002). -- in Room 8 (after Campbell, 2002). -- Fig. 27. Equid skeleton found at Locus 10066 (after Leger &amp -- Zeder, 1988). -- Fig. 28. Raven skeleton found at loculi 8430/82091 at Tel Haror, associated with the -- mandible of a lamb (after Klenck, 2002). -- Fig. 29. Articulated puppy skeleton found in loculi 8430/82443 at Tel Haror (after Klenck, 2002). -- Fig. 30. Articulated skeleton of a juveline dog associated with the fragmented remains of a -- raven at Tel Haror (after Klenck, 2002). -- 5. Discussion -- 5.1. Classification of the explained evidence -- Animal burials inside human graves -- Animal burials related to human graves -- Animal deposits unrelated to human graves -- Animal remains in non-ritual contexts -- Animals in sacred/ritual contexts -- Foundation deposits -- 5. 2. Analysis and interpretation of taxa -- 5. 2. 1. Equids -- Donkey -- Kúnga -- Mule -- Onager -- 5. 2. 2. Dogs -- 5. 2. 3. Sheeps and goats -- 5. 2. 4. Bovids -- 5. 2. 5. Pigs -- 5. 2. 6. Birds -- 5. 2. 7. Fish -- 5. 3. Ritual and sacrifice in the frame of structured deposition of animal remains -- 5. 4. Conclusions -- (after Littauer &amp -- Crouwel, 1979).

Fig. 31. Some kúnga pulling from battle wagons depicted in the Standard of Ur (2600 BC) -- 6. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Appendix A. -- Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site classified by specie, region and period. -- Appendix A. A. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in Syria in the third millennium BC. -- Appendix A. B. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in Mesopotamia/Iraq in the third millennium BC. -- Appendix A. C. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in Mesopotamia/Iraq in the second millennium BC. -- Appendix A. D. Number of articulated animal individuals recorded at each site in the Levant in the second millennium BC. -- Appendix B. -- Identification of equid species classified by site and period. -- Appendinx B. B. Specie identification of equid individuals from sites dated to the second millennium BC. -- Appendix B. A. Specie identification of equid individuals from sites dated to the third millennium BC.