White Castle.
This book describes the results of a four-year research programme of archaeological works (2010-3), at the later prehistoric enclosure of White Castle, East Lothian. The excavations demonstrated a clear sequence of enclosure development over time, whereby the design and visual impact often appeared...
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| Place / Publishing House: | Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2021. ©2021. |
| Year of Publication: | 2021 |
| Language: | English |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource (108 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Information
- Contents
- 1. Abstract
- 2. Introduction
- 3. Study Area
- 4. White Castle Location
- 5. Archaeological Background
- 5.1 White Castle in early maps and accounts
- 5.2 Enclosed sites of East Lothian: Available Data Set
- 5.2.1 Introduction
- 5.2.2 Review of research of prehistoric enclosed sites in East Lothian
- 5.2.3 Refining chronology of East Lothian enclosures
- 5.2.4 Enclosure morphology
- 5.2.5 Enclosure Statistics
- 5.2.6 East Lothian Summary
- 6. Research Questions
- 7. Methodology
- 7.1 Topographic and Management Survey
- 7.4 Excavation
- 7.3 Geophysical Survey
- 7.3 Numbering system
- 7.5 Digital archive
- 8. Topographic and Geophysical Survey Results
- 8.1 Site Topography
- 8.2 Topographic Survey-Routeways and Tracks
- 8.3 Geophysical survey - potential platforms
- 8.4 Assessment of the site management issues
- 8.4.1 Bracken
- 8.4.2 Visitor and animal attrition
- 9. Excavation Results
- 9.1 Pre-enclosure
- 9.2 Enclosing works
- 9.3 Rampart 1
- 9.4 Terrace 1
- 9.5 Palisade 1
- 9.6 Ditch 1
- 9.7 Terrace 4
- 9.8 Rampart 2
- 9.10 Ditch 2
- 9.9 Terrace 2
- 9.11 Rampart 3
- 9.12 Terrace 3
- 9.13 Ditch 3
- 9.14 Inner Circuit Openings 1, 2, 3 and 4
- 9.15 Openings 5,6,7,8,9 and 14
- 9.16 Openings 10, 11, 12, 13
- 9.17 Direct occupational evidence
- 9.18 Platform 4
- 9.19 Platform 8
- 9.20 Indirect occupational evidence
- 9.21 Post-enclosure activity
- 9.22 Platform 20
- 9.23 Structure 17
- 9.24 Track
- 10 Post-excavation
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Radiocarbon dates
- 10.3 Lithics (Ann Clarke)
- 10.4 Ceramics
- 11 Interpretation and Discussion
- 11.1 Pre-enclosure
- 11.2 Enclosure Chronology
- 11.3 Enclosing works and openings
- 11.4 Destruction and redesign
- 11.5 Internal use and settlement
- 11.6 Economy
- 11.7 Abandonment.
- 11.8 Post-enclosure
- 11.9 Whiteadder Route
- 11.10 White Castle within East Lothian: some final considerations of the enclosure design and location
- 12 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Bibliography
- Map references:
- Appendix 1: Calibrated and uncalibrated dates from Enclosed sites in East Lothian.