Development of a System for Fast Identification and Characterization of Biological Cells.

• Author: Teixeira, Viviane Silva.
• Place / Publishing House: Berlin : : Logos Verlag Berlin,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge Zur Medizinelektronik Series ; v.11.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (220 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Abstract
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Glossary
• List of Symbols
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Purpose of the Work
• 1.2 Thesis Outline
• 1.3 Contributions
• 1.4 List of Publications
• 2 Theoretical Background
• 2.1 Biological Cells
• 2.1.1 The Eukaryotic Cell
• 2.1.2 Cellular Membrane
• 2.2 Electrical Properties of Biological Systems
• 2.3 Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
• 2.3.1 Mathematical Concept of Impedance
• 2.3.2 Graphical Representation of Impedance Data
• 2.3.3 Electrical and Electrochemical Circuit Elements
• 2.3.4 Conditions for Valid EIS Data
• 3 Development of a Four Electrode Terminal Chamber System
• 3.1 Electrode Polarization in Low Frequencies
• 3.1.1 Interfacial Capacitance
• 3.1.2 Charge Transfer Resistance
• 3.1.3 Warburg Impedance for Diffusion Modelling
• 3.1.4 Solution Resistance
• 3.1.5 Equivalent Circuit of Electrode-Electrolyte Interface
• 3.2 Measurement Systems and Electrodes Setup
• 3.2.1 Two-Electrode Measurement System
• 3.2.2 Three-Terminal Measurement System
• 3.2.3 Four-Terminal Measurement System
• 3.3 Detailed ECM of the Experimental Setup
• 3.4 Designed System
• 3.5 Comparison 4T vs. 2T Measurements
• 3.6 Source of Artifacts in Low Frequency Impedance Experiments
• 4 Applying EIS to Cancer Cells Suspensions
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.1.1 Normal Cell Lines
• 4.1.2 Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
• 4.1.3 Leukemia Cell Lines
• 4.1.4 Colon Cancer Cell Lines
• 4.1.5 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
• 4.2 Experimental Procedure
• 4.3 Experimental Results
• 4.3.1 Impedance Magnitude and Phase Curves Using the 320 μL Chamber
• 4.3.2 Metastatic versus Non-Metastatic Cancers
• 4.3.3 Comparison of the Impedance Spectrum from Different Cell Lines
• 4.3.4 Cell Sizes
• 4.4 Suggestions for Future Experiments
• 4.4.1 Use a Temperature Controlled Box.
• 4.4.2 Measure Cells Shortly After Detachment
• 4.4.3 Perform Only Few Experiments per Day
• 4.4.4 Use Preferably New Electrodes
• 4.4.5 Use Small Voltage Signals
• 4.4.6 Do not apply a DC potential to impedance experiments
• 4.5 Conclusions
• 5 Measuring the Cell Surface Charge
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Low Frequency Dispersion of Colloidal Particles Suspended in Electrolyte Solutions
• 5.3 Dimensional Analysis of Equation 5.7
• 5.4 Correction of Schwarz Model to 4T Experiments
• 5.5 Experimental Results: Calculation of the Cell Surface Charge
• 5.6 Comments on Schwarz Theory
• 5.7 Conclusions
• 6 Measuring Adherent Cells
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Theoretical Background
• 6.2.1 Working Principle
• 6.2.2 Presence of the Double Layer
• 6.2.3 Equivalent Circuit Model to Analyse the Cells Attached to Interdigitated Electrodes
• 6.3 Experimental Procedure
• 6.4 Experimental Results
• 6.4.1 Cell Attachment and Growth
• 6.4.2 Evaluating Chemotheraphy Effects
• 6.5 Conclusions
• 7 Spectral Response of Healthy Tissues and Solid Tumors
• 7.1 Theoretical Background
• 7.2 Spectral Response of Healthy Tissues
• 7.3 Tumor Composition and Organization
• 7.4 Main Structural Differences Between Tumor and Healthy Tissues
• 7.5 Comparison Tumor vs. Healthy Tissues Spectral Response
• 7.5.1 Experimental Setup
• 7.5.2 Experimental Results
• 7.6 Conclusions
• 8 Conclusions and Future Work
• 8.1 Summary and Conclusions
• 8.2 Recommendations and Guidelines
• 8.3 Future Work
• A Architecture proposal of a 4T impedance measurement system
• A.1 Macro view of the impedance measurement system
• A.1.1 Oscillator
• A.1.2 Potentiostat
• A.1.3 Principles of lock-in detection
• A.1.4 Front-end and complete system
• A.2 Conclusions
• B Cancer metabolites identification
• B.1 First method: membrane system to separate different types of ions.
• B.1.1 Step A: identify body fluids
• B.1.2 Step B: choose one body fluid
• B.1.3 Step C: identify metabolite chemical formula
• B.1.4 Step E: calculate the molecular size of the metabolite
• B.1.5 Design membrane system to separate metabolite
• B.1.6 Conductivity measurement of different compartments
• B.1.7 Calculate metabolite concentration
• B.1.8 Comments about the method
• B.2 Second method: surface modified interdigitated electrodes
• C Extracting Δεα from impedance measurements
• C.1 Equivalent circuit model
• C.2 Fitting the experimental data
• C.3 Extracting Δεα
• C.4 Example of fitting PC-3 cells experiments to extract Δε0
• Complete Table Cell Surface Charge
• Bibliography.