Development of a System for Fast Identification and Characterization of Biological Cells.

• Author: Teixeira, Viviane Silva.
• Place / Publishing House: Berlin : : Logos Verlag Berlin,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge Zur Medizinelektronik Series ; v.11.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (220 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Glossary -- List of Symbols -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose of the Work -- 1.2 Thesis Outline -- 1.3 Contributions -- 1.4 List of Publications -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Biological Cells -- 2.1.1 The Eukaryotic Cell -- 2.1.2 Cellular Membrane -- 2.2 Electrical Properties of Biological Systems -- 2.3 Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy -- 2.3.1 Mathematical Concept of Impedance -- 2.3.2 Graphical Representation of Impedance Data -- 2.3.3 Electrical and Electrochemical Circuit Elements -- 2.3.4 Conditions for Valid EIS Data -- 3 Development of a Four Electrode Terminal Chamber System -- 3.1 Electrode Polarization in Low Frequencies -- 3.1.1 Interfacial Capacitance -- 3.1.2 Charge Transfer Resistance -- 3.1.3 Warburg Impedance for Diffusion Modelling -- 3.1.4 Solution Resistance -- 3.1.5 Equivalent Circuit of Electrode-Electrolyte Interface -- 3.2 Measurement Systems and Electrodes Setup -- 3.2.1 Two-Electrode Measurement System -- 3.2.2 Three-Terminal Measurement System -- 3.2.3 Four-Terminal Measurement System -- 3.3 Detailed ECM of the Experimental Setup -- 3.4 Designed System -- 3.5 Comparison 4T vs. 2T Measurements -- 3.6 Source of Artifacts in Low Frequency Impedance Experiments -- 4 Applying EIS to Cancer Cells Suspensions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Normal Cell Lines -- 4.1.2 Prostate Cancer Cell Lines -- 4.1.3 Leukemia Cell Lines -- 4.1.4 Colon Cancer Cell Lines -- 4.1.5 Breast Cancer Cell Lines -- 4.2 Experimental Procedure -- 4.3 Experimental Results -- 4.3.1 Impedance Magnitude and Phase Curves Using the 320 μL Chamber -- 4.3.2 Metastatic versus Non-Metastatic Cancers -- 4.3.3 Comparison of the Impedance Spectrum from Different Cell Lines -- 4.3.4 Cell Sizes -- 4.4 Suggestions for Future Experiments -- 4.4.1 Use a Temperature Controlled Box.

4.4.2 Measure Cells Shortly After Detachment -- 4.4.3 Perform Only Few Experiments per Day -- 4.4.4 Use Preferably New Electrodes -- 4.4.5 Use Small Voltage Signals -- 4.4.6 Do not apply a DC potential to impedance experiments -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 5 Measuring the Cell Surface Charge -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Low Frequency Dispersion of Colloidal Particles Suspended in Electrolyte Solutions -- 5.3 Dimensional Analysis of Equation 5.7 -- 5.4 Correction of Schwarz Model to 4T Experiments -- 5.5 Experimental Results: Calculation of the Cell Surface Charge -- 5.6 Comments on Schwarz Theory -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 6 Measuring Adherent Cells -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theoretical Background -- 6.2.1 Working Principle -- 6.2.2 Presence of the Double Layer -- 6.2.3 Equivalent Circuit Model to Analyse the Cells Attached to Interdigitated Electrodes -- 6.3 Experimental Procedure -- 6.4 Experimental Results -- 6.4.1 Cell Attachment and Growth -- 6.4.2 Evaluating Chemotheraphy Effects -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 7 Spectral Response of Healthy Tissues and Solid Tumors -- 7.1 Theoretical Background -- 7.2 Spectral Response of Healthy Tissues -- 7.3 Tumor Composition and Organization -- 7.4 Main Structural Differences Between Tumor and Healthy Tissues -- 7.5 Comparison Tumor vs. Healthy Tissues Spectral Response -- 7.5.1 Experimental Setup -- 7.5.2 Experimental Results -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Conclusions and Future Work -- 8.1 Summary and Conclusions -- 8.2 Recommendations and Guidelines -- 8.3 Future Work -- A Architecture proposal of a 4T impedance measurement system -- A.1 Macro view of the impedance measurement system -- A.1.1 Oscillator -- A.1.2 Potentiostat -- A.1.3 Principles of lock-in detection -- A.1.4 Front-end and complete system -- A.2 Conclusions -- B Cancer metabolites identification -- B.1 First method: membrane system to separate different types of ions.

B.1.1 Step A: identify body fluids -- B.1.2 Step B: choose one body fluid -- B.1.3 Step C: identify metabolite chemical formula -- B.1.4 Step E: calculate the molecular size of the metabolite -- B.1.5 Design membrane system to separate metabolite -- B.1.6 Conductivity measurement of different compartments -- B.1.7 Calculate metabolite concentration -- B.1.8 Comments about the method -- B.2 Second method: surface modified interdigitated electrodes -- C Extracting Δεα from impedance measurements -- C.1 Equivalent circuit model -- C.2 Fitting the experimental data -- C.3 Extracting Δεα -- C.4 Example of fitting PC-3 cells experiments to extract Δε0 -- Complete Table Cell Surface Charge -- Bibliography.