Sources of International Law.

• Superior document: Developments in International Law Series ; v.27
• Author: Degan, V. D.
• Place / Publishing House: Boston : : BRILL,, 1997.; ©1997.
• Year of Publication: 1997
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Developments in International Law Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (582 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• Table of Contents
• CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
• 1. Different meanings of the term "sources of law"
• 2. Law-creating processes and law-determining agencies
• CHAPTER II. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW (A Source of General International Law)
• 3. Various doctrinal views
• A. HISTORICAL EXPLANATION
• 4. Jus gentium in Roman law
• 5. St. Thomas Aquinas on Eternal, Divine, natural and positive law
• 6. Hugo Grotius on the law of nature and voluntary law
• 7. Vattel's views of natural law
• 8. The main features of positivism since 19th century
• 9. General principles of law in early arbitral awards
• 10. General principles of law in the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
• B. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND THE HAGUE COURT
• 11. Travaux préparatoires on Article 38 of the Court's Statute
• 12. A survey of practice of the two Hague Courts
• 13. Meaning of the qualification: "recognized by civilized nations".
• C. THE CONTENT AND SCOPE OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW
• 14. General principles as a prerequisite of the existence of a legal order
• 15. State sovereignty v. general principles of law
• 16. The so-called "fundamental principles of international law"
• 17. The rules of legal reasoning and legal principles
• 18. Analogy in international law
• 19. Dynamic elements in general principles of law
• 20. General principles of law and new problems of legal regulations
• APPENDIX
• 21. General principles of law in transnational law
• 22. General principles of law in supranational law
• 23. Summing up
• CHAPTER III. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW
• 24. Common features of custom in international law
• 25. Two elements of customary legal rules
• 26. The first element: practice. Practice by whom?.
• 27. Density, uniformity and consistency of practice
• 28. The element of time
• 29. The quality of practice
• 30. The second element: opinio juris sive necessitatis
• 31. Material sources and documentary evidences of customary law
• 32. Conclusion: custom as a social process
• CHAPTER IV. CUSTOMARY RULES OF GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW
• 33. Formation of general customary rules
• 34. Gradual customary process
• 35. Articulated customary process
• 36. Judicial decisions
• 37. Unilateral acts and attitudes of States
• 38. Resolutions of the UN General Assembly
• 39. Codification conventions
• 40. Law declaratory rules
• 41. Law crystallizing rules
• 42. Law generating rules
• 43. Contractual provisions in conventions on codification
• 44. Jus cogens in general customary international law
• 45. Jus dispositivum in general customary law
• 46. Summing up
• CHAPTER V. PARTICULAR CUSTOMARY LEGAL RULES
• 47. The notion of particular custom
• 48. Local custom
• 49. Regional custom
• 50. Special custom within treaty relations
• 51. Conclusion
• CHAPTER VI. UNILATERAL ACT AS A SOURCE OF PARTICULAR INTERNATIONAL LAW
• A. DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES ON UNILATERAL ACTS
• 52. Introduction
• 53. Development of basic legal concepts
• 54. Unilateral acts in modern doctrine and practice of international law
• 55. Summing up
• B. THE CAPACITY OF MAKING UNILATERAL ACTS
• 56. States and belligerents
• 57. Special case of acts of international organizations
• C. UNILATERAL ACTS AND TREATIES
• 58. Introduction
• 59. Unilateral acts within the treaty-making and treaty-executing process
• 60. Unilateral acts provided by treaties
• D. VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF UNILATERAL ACTS IN RELATION TO INTERNATIONAL LAW
• 61. Introduction
• 62. Conditions of validity of a unilateral act
• 63. Promise.
• 64. A special case: Optional-clause system under Article 36(2) of the Statute of the Hague Court
• 65. Waiver
• 66. Unilateral acts creating new rights for States
• 67. Occupation of terra nullius
• 68. Prescription and historic titles
• 69. Unilateral acts in the present law of the sea
• CHAPTER VII. OPPOSABLE SITUATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
• 70. Notion of opposability
• 71. Recognition
• 72. Protest
• 73. Acquiescence
• CHAPTER VIII. TREATY AS A SOURCE OF PARTICULAR INTERNATIONAL LAW
• 74. Preliminaries
• 75. The concept of treaty
• 76. The so-called "political agreements"
• A. PARTIES TO A TREATY
• 77. State
• 78. International organizations
• 79. Internationalized territories
• 80. Belligerents
• 81. Parties to a contract
• B. EFFECTS OF A TREATY
• 82. The principle pacta sunt servanda and its scope of application
• 83. Effects of a treaty upon its parties and their organs
• 84. Effects of a treaty in relations between its parties
• 85. Effects of a treaty upon thirds
• C. TREATY AS A DYNAMIC SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
• 86. Conflict of treaties relating to the same subject-matter
• 87. Modification of treaties (peaceful change)
• 88. Suspension of the operation, termination of and withdrawal from a treaty
• 89. Mutuus dissensus
• 90. Termination of a treaty by operation of its own clauses
• 91. Impossibility of performance
• 92. Material breach of a treaty
• D. APPLICATION OF LEGAL RULES ON SOME TYPES OF TREATIES
• 93. On classifications of treaties
• 94. Written and oral agreements
• 95. Bilateral and multilateral treaties
• 96. Traité-contrat and traité-loi
• 97. Treaties constituting international organizations
• 98. The obligation to negotiate (pactum de contrahendo)
• CHAPTER IX. CONCLUSION
• 99. General remarks.
• 100. Relationship between various sources, especially between treaty and custom
• SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
• TABLE OF CASES
• INDEX OF AUTHORS CITED
• SUBJECT INDEX.