The International Law of Armed Conflict.

• Author: Kwakwa, Edward K.
• Place / Publishing House: Boston : : BRILL,, 1992.; ©1992.
• Year of Publication: 1992
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (224 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- Introduction -- I. Clarification of Terms -- II. Purpose of Study -- III. Focus of Inquiry -- IV. Summary of Arguments and Conclusions -- CHAPTER TWO: THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- Introduction -- I. The Pre-1949 Period -- II. The 1949 Geneva Conventions -- III. The 1977 Additional Protocols -- i. Impetus for Reform -- ii. The New Rules -- iii. The Internal / International Armed Conflict Dichotomy -- iv. Summary and Conclusions -- CHAPTER THREE: THE CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT -- Introduction -- I. The Concept of Custom Revisited -- II. The Principles of Military Necessity and Humanity -- III. The Principle of Proportionality -- IV. The Principle of Distinction -- V. Conclusion -- CHAPTER FOUR: CLAIMS REGARDING SCOPE OF APPLICATION -- Introduction -- I. Common Article 2 of the Geneva Conventions -- i. Conflicts Involving "A Declared War or Any Other Armed Conflict" -- ii. Conflicts Involving Partial or Total Occupation of the Territory of a High Contracting Party -- iii. Conflicts Involving Non-Contracting Parties -- iv. Conflicts Involving National Liberation Movements -- a. "National Liberation Movements" -- b. "Colonial Domination", "Alien Occupation" and "Racist Regimes" -- c. A General Assessment of Article 1(4) -- d. Article 1(4) and Customary International Law -- II. Claims of Applicability -- i. SWAPO in Namibia -- a. The Factual Situation -- b. The International Law Criteria -- 1. Common Article 2 -- 2. Article 1(4) of Protocol I -- c. Trends in Decision-Making: Legal and Policy Implications -- d. Conclusion -- ii. The ANC in South Africa -- a. The Factual Situation -- b. The International Law Criteria -- 1. Common Article 2.

2. Article 1(4) of Protocol I -- c. Trends in Decision-Making -- III. Conclusion -- CHAPTER FIVE: CLAIMS RATIONE PERSONAE -- Introduction -- I. Guerrillas and Other Irregulars -- i. The Methods of Guerrilla Warfare -- ii. The Pre-1977 Legal Regime of Guerrilla Warfare -- iii. The Post-1977 Legal Regime of Guerrilla Warfare -- a. "Of a Party to a Conflict" -- b. Organization -- c. Responsible Command -- d. Compliance with the Rules of International Law Applicable in Armed Conflict -- iv. Article 44 of Protocol I and the Traditional Law -- v. Conclusion -- II. Claims With Respect to Mercenaries -- Introduction -- i. Problems of Definition -- ii. The Problem of Mercenarism in Historical Context -- iii. Domestic and International Prescriptions -- a. Treatment of Mercenaries in Angola -- b. The United States Neutrality Act -- c. The United Kingdom -- iv. Regional and Global Prescriptions: The OAU and the UN Efforts to Deal with Mercenaries -- v. Trends in the Treatment of Mercenaries Under the Jus in Bello: An Assessment -- vi. Conclusion -- CHAPTER SIX: CLAIMS WITH RESPECT TO BELLIGERENT REPRISALS -- Introduction -- I. The Definition of Reprisals in Contemporary International Law -- II. "Counter-Measures" -- III. The History of the Law of Belligerent Reprisals -- i. The Law Prior to the First World War -- ii. The First and Second World Wars -- iii. Developments Following the Second World War -- IV. The 1977 Protocols and the Current Law of Belligerent Reprisals -- i. Claim that Attacks Against the Civilian Population or Civilians by Way of Reprisals are Prohibited -- ii. Claim that Reprisals Against Civilian Objects are Prohibited -- iii. Claim that Reprisals Against Cultural Objects and Places of Worship are Prohibited -- iv. Claim that Reprisals Against Objects Indispensable to the Civilian Population are Prohibited.

v. Claim that Reprisals Against the Natural Environment and Works and Installations Containing Dangerous Forces are Prohibited -- V. Appraisal and Conclusions -- i. Summary -- ii. The Theoretical Justification of Belligerent Reprisals -- iii. Alternative Methods for the Enforcement of the Law of Armed Conflict -- iv. Conclusions and Recommendations -- CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT -- Introduction -- I. Implementation and Enforcement at the International Level -- i. International Fact-Finding -- ii. Protecting Power -- iii. The International Committee of the Red Cross -- a. The Legal Bases for ICRC Activity -- b. Activities of the ICRC -- II. Implementation and Enforcement at the National Level -- i. Dissemination -- ii. Military Manuals -- iii. Other Means of National Implementation and Enforcement -- iv. Questions of Implementation and Enforcement in Conflicts Involving National Liberation Movements -- v. Conclusion -- CHAPTER EIGHT: EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Primary Source -- Conventions / Treaties -- Cases -- Books -- Articles -- Conferences, Symposia, etc. -- UN Documents, Reports, etc. -- US Congress -- INDEX.