Sex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children : : A Heterodoxical Model.

• Author: Thomas, Hoben.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2023.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Monographs in the Psychology of Education Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (112 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• 1 Focus on Math and Reading Test Score Inequalities
• 2 Literature Review with Focus on Inequalities
• 2.1 U.S. National and International Studies
• 2.1.1 NAEP: ``The Nation's Report Card''
• 2.1.2 PISA Tests
• 2.1.3 IEA PIRLS and TIMSS Tests
• 2.2 Publicly Accessible Individual Studies Reporting V
• 2.3 Early Twentieth Century U.S. Reading and Math Tests
• 3 Varying Viewpoints on Sex Differences
• 3.1 Similarities and Hellinger Distances
• 3.2 The False Claim of Parity in Math Testing
• 3.3 Sex Differences and Searching for Answers
• 3.4 Genetics: The Oldest Recognized Sex Differences Influence
• 4 Genetical and Y Models for Math and Reading
• 4.1 The Genetical Model
• 4.2 Model Y for Math
• 4.3 Model Y for Reading
• 4.4 Hellinger Distance H
• 5 Model Estimation and Illustration of Test Score Distributions
• 5.1 Math Examples
• 5.1.1 Example 1: Coin Tosses
• 5.1.2 Example 2: Poker Chips in Three Urns
• 5.1.3 Example 3: Italian Math Test
• 5.1.3.1 Standard Errors
• 5.1.4 Example 4: CogAT or Cognitive Abilities Test
• 5.1.5 Example 5: Stone's 1908 Math Tests
• 5.1.6 Example 6: The Courtis Arithmetic Tests
• 5.1.6.1 Courtis Tests 1 and 3: Addition and Multiplication
• 5.1.6.2 Courtis Test 6: Simple Reasoning
• 5.1.6.3 Courtis Test 7: Fundamentals
• 5.1.6.4 Courtis Test 8: Reasoning
• 5.1.6.5 Courtis Test Summary
• 5.1.7 Example 7: The NAEP Math Tests
• 5.1.7.1 NAEP Grade Four Math Tests
• 5.1.7.2 NAEP Grade Eight Math Tests
• 5.1.7.3 NAEP Grade Twelve Math Tests
• 5.1.7.4 NAEP Math Tests Summary
• 5.1.8 Example 8: 2003 PISA Math Tests
• 5.2 Reading Examples
• 5.2.1 Example 9: British Reading Test
• 5.2.2 Example 10: The NAEP Reading Tests
• 5.2.2.1 NAEP Fourth Grade Reading Tests
• 5.2.2.2 NAEP Eighth Grade Reading Tests.
• 5.2.2.3 NAEP Twelfth Grade Reading Tests
• 5.2.2.4 NAEP Reading Test Analysis Summary
• 5.2.3 Example 11: 2003 PISA Reading Tests
• 6 Summaries and Model Extensions
• 6.1 Empirical and Conceptual Main Points
• 6.2 Math Meta-analyses and Variance Ratios
• 6.3 Arguments Against Genetic Influences
• 6.4 The Search for Biological Genetical Evidence
• 6.5 q as the Realization of a Random Variable Q
• 6.6 Sex Differences in Distributional Tails
• 6.7 Two Additional Alternatives for d
• 6.7.1 Girls Beat Boys
• 6.7.2 The Overlap Coefficient OVL
• 6.8 A PISA Reading and Math ``Paradox''
• 6.9 Can mdo and rdo Be ``Chance'' Occurrences?
• 6.10 Model Y Dimensions and Fitting
• 6.11 Y and the Global Gender Gap Index
• 6.12 The Misleading Language and Images of Sex Differences
• 6.13 Coda
• A Arguments, Estimation, and R Code
• A.1 The Distribution of Y
• A.2 Inequality Arguments
• A.3 Estimation Algorithm
• A.4 R Function mathgap
• A.5 Conditional r Variance
• References
• Index.