Sex Differences in Reading and Math Test Scores of Children : : A Heterodoxical Model.

• Author: Thomas, Hoben.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2023.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Monographs in the Psychology of Education Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (112 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Focus on Math and Reading Test Score Inequalities -- 2 Literature Review with Focus on Inequalities -- 2.1 U.S. National and International Studies -- 2.1.1 NAEP: ``The Nation's Report Card'' -- 2.1.2 PISA Tests -- 2.1.3 IEA PIRLS and TIMSS Tests -- 2.2 Publicly Accessible Individual Studies Reporting V -- 2.3 Early Twentieth Century U.S. Reading and Math Tests -- 3 Varying Viewpoints on Sex Differences -- 3.1 Similarities and Hellinger Distances -- 3.2 The False Claim of Parity in Math Testing -- 3.3 Sex Differences and Searching for Answers -- 3.4 Genetics: The Oldest Recognized Sex Differences Influence -- 4 Genetical and Y Models for Math and Reading -- 4.1 The Genetical Model -- 4.2 Model Y for Math -- 4.3 Model Y for Reading -- 4.4 Hellinger Distance H -- 5 Model Estimation and Illustration of Test Score Distributions -- 5.1 Math Examples -- 5.1.1 Example 1: Coin Tosses -- 5.1.2 Example 2: Poker Chips in Three Urns -- 5.1.3 Example 3: Italian Math Test -- 5.1.3.1 Standard Errors -- 5.1.4 Example 4: CogAT or Cognitive Abilities Test -- 5.1.5 Example 5: Stone's 1908 Math Tests -- 5.1.6 Example 6: The Courtis Arithmetic Tests -- 5.1.6.1 Courtis Tests 1 and 3: Addition and Multiplication -- 5.1.6.2 Courtis Test 6: Simple Reasoning -- 5.1.6.3 Courtis Test 7: Fundamentals -- 5.1.6.4 Courtis Test 8: Reasoning -- 5.1.6.5 Courtis Test Summary -- 5.1.7 Example 7: The NAEP Math Tests -- 5.1.7.1 NAEP Grade Four Math Tests -- 5.1.7.2 NAEP Grade Eight Math Tests -- 5.1.7.3 NAEP Grade Twelve Math Tests -- 5.1.7.4 NAEP Math Tests Summary -- 5.1.8 Example 8: 2003 PISA Math Tests -- 5.2 Reading Examples -- 5.2.1 Example 9: British Reading Test -- 5.2.2 Example 10: The NAEP Reading Tests -- 5.2.2.1 NAEP Fourth Grade Reading Tests -- 5.2.2.2 NAEP Eighth Grade Reading Tests.

5.2.2.3 NAEP Twelfth Grade Reading Tests -- 5.2.2.4 NAEP Reading Test Analysis Summary -- 5.2.3 Example 11: 2003 PISA Reading Tests -- 6 Summaries and Model Extensions -- 6.1 Empirical and Conceptual Main Points -- 6.2 Math Meta-analyses and Variance Ratios -- 6.3 Arguments Against Genetic Influences -- 6.4 The Search for Biological Genetical Evidence -- 6.5 q as the Realization of a Random Variable Q -- 6.6 Sex Differences in Distributional Tails -- 6.7 Two Additional Alternatives for d -- 6.7.1 Girls Beat Boys -- 6.7.2 The Overlap Coefficient OVL -- 6.8 A PISA Reading and Math ``Paradox'' -- 6.9 Can mdo and rdo Be ``Chance'' Occurrences? -- 6.10 Model Y Dimensions and Fitting -- 6.11 Y and the Global Gender Gap Index -- 6.12 The Misleading Language and Images of Sex Differences -- 6.13 Coda -- A Arguments, Estimation, and R Code -- A.1 The Distribution of Y -- A.2 Inequality Arguments -- A.3 Estimation Algorithm -- A.4 R Function mathgap -- A.5 Conditional r Variance -- References -- Index.