Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on justice systems : : reconstruction or erosion of justice systems - case study and suggested solution / / edited by Katarzyna Gajda-Roszczynialska.

• TeilnehmendeR: Gajda-Roszczynialska, Katarzyna,
• Place / Publishing House: Göttingen, Germany : : V&R Unipress,, [2023]; ©2023
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (465 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Body -- Introduction -- Part I: The administration of justice in national and supranational courts in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic and post pandemic era -- José Igreja Matos: The Covid-19 Pandemic and the independence of judges -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Judicial Independence -- 3. Covid-19 and the Rule of Law -- 4. Covid-19 and justice system -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Duro Sessa: The Covid-19 pandemic and the rule of law - the lesson to be learned -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rule of law- what is it? -- 3. Rule of law and pandemic -- 3.1 Right to a fair trial -- 3.2 On the right to access court and remote trial (civil procedure) -- 4. What to do? (instead of conclusion) -- References -- Krystian Markiewicz: The role of courts in enforcing the right to fair trial in post-pandemic reality -- 1. Introductory remarks -- 2. The right of recourse to court in pandemic times -- 3. Law and order, as well as right of recourse to court, are basic rights whose substance cannot be changed -- 4. Admissibility of limitations -- a) General remarks -- b) Limitation of the right of recourse to court and other fundamental rights -- c) Temporariness of restrictions and way of introducing changes -- 5. Role of courts and judges versus pandemic -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Piotr Hofmański: The Covid-19 pandemic and the realities of the International Criminal Court -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The International Criminal Court -- 3. Modification of the procedure before the International Criminal Court -- 4. Conclusions -- Michał Balcerzak: The Covid-19 Pandemic and Proceedings Before the European Court of Human Rights -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Exceptional measures adopted by the Court in March and April 2020 -- 3. Priority cases and requests for interim measures under Rule 39 of the Rules of Court.

4. Temporary suspension of time-limits in the proceedings before the ECtHR -- 5. Implications of Article 15 of the Convention (derogation in times of emergency) -- 6. Some emerging issues relating to the Covid-19 pandemic in the case-law of the Court -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Marcin Dziurda / Paweł Grzegorczyk: The influence of Covid-19 pandemic on the polish civil proceedings from the perspective of the Supreme Court -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Collegiality of adjudication -- 3. Types of court sessions -- 4. Organization and course of a remote hearing -- 5. Access to court files -- 6. Final remarks -- References -- Urszula Żółtak / Bogdan Jędrys: Common courts and pandemic Covid-19 - the lesson that should be learned from practice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Legislative changes -- 3. Principles and rules -- 4. The principle of the open proceedings -- 5. Written versus orality -- 6. Courts compositions -- 7. Service of judicial documents -- 8. New instruments -- 9. Limitation periods -- 10. Alternative dispute resolution -- 11. Bankruptcy and restricting proceedings -- 12. Enforcement proceedings -- 13. Conclusions -- References -- Grzegorz Borkowski: Performance evaluation of judges after Covid-19 pandemic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The standards and purpose of performance evaluation -- 3. Performance Indicators -- 4. Methodology -- 5. Who and how evaluates judges -- 6. The Covid-19 pandemic vs. the evaluation of judges -- 7. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part II: Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the civil proceedings -- Katarzyna Gajda-Roszczynialska: Reconstruction or erosion of justice systems as a result of Covid-19 pandemic - conclusions for the legal systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Administration of justice systems: what should it be like? -- 3. A change of the model of justice administration in times of Covid-19 pandemic.

3.1. A clash of permissible standards of changes in procedural provisions and court law and real reconstruction of justice administration during Covid-19, taking Poland as an example. -- 3.2. Changes in the Polish court law -- 3.3. Changes in the Polish procedural law -- 3.4. Special regulations with respect to functioning of courts and court buildings during pandemic -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Anna Nylund: Comparative insight on courts and court proceedings during the pandemic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The right to access to court during the pandemic -- 2.1. Access to court as a constitutional and human right -- 2.2. Access to an efficient remedy, the rule of law and courts -- 2.3 Fair trial rights during the pandemic -- 2.4 Access to court as a practical problem during the state of emergency -- 3. Changes to court proceedings during the pandemic -- 3.1. Oral and written proceedings -- 3.2. Witnesses and experts testifying remotely -- 3.3. Changes to procedural rules -- 4. Open administration of justice -- 4.1. Internal openness -- 4.2. Challenge of open hearings during the pandemic -- 4.3. Openness of courts records -- 5. Court management and administration of justice -- 5.1. Health and safety of judges and parties -- 5.2. Transferring cases between courts and judges -- 5.3. Performance indicators during the pandemic -- 6. Dealing with the backlog of cases -- 6.1. Backlogs -- 6.2. Insolvency proceedings -- 7. Concluding remarks -- References -- Fernando Gascón Inchausti: The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish civil justice: remote hearings as a new tool for the effectiveness of the system -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A bit of context: The situation of Spanish civil justice before the pandemic -- 3. Pandemic and shock treatment: remote hearings as an emergency remedy.

3.1. The Spanish Lawmaker prefers hearings to be held in virtual format -- 3.2. While assuming at the same time their shortcomings -- 4. The post-pandemic scenario: remote hearings as a regular feature of judicial proceedings? -- 4.1. The standardisation of remote hearings for the future: reforms in sight -- 4.2. Remote hearings, orality and immediacy -- 4.3. Online hearings and the principle of public proceedings -- 5. Conclusion remarks -- References -- Vigita Vėbraitė / Goda Strikaitė-Latuinskaja: Digitalization of justice in Lithuania -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Liteko - unified information system of Lithuanian courts -- 3. Remote court hearings -- 4. Possibilities of artificial intelligence -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Iryna Izarova: Digitalization of justice in Ukraine: some remarks on the main goal -- 1. Introduction -- 2. E-justice as Part of the E-government of Ukraine? -- 3. Ukrainian E-Justice: Ideas and the Reality through ten years of Development -- 3.1 E-court in Ukraine: "Court in Smartphone" or "Smartphone in Court"? -- 3.1.1. Video Conference Subsystem - EASYCON -- 3.1.2. Communication With Participants - E-CABINET -- 3.1.3. E-court -- 3.2. Enforcement of Judicial Decisions: A Few Steps in Digitalization -- 3.3. Free Legal Aid Online -- 4. Wartime Challenges for E-Justice in Ukraine -- 5. Some Concluding Remarks -- References -- Andrzej Olaś: Looking beyond Covid-19 pandemic: does Artificial Intelligence have a role to play in preparing the justice system for the next global pandemic or similar hardship? The European perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The notion of AI and its practical applications - outline -- 3. AI in the European e-Justice Paradigm and the Digital Single Market strategy.

3.1. Building foundations of a European approach to AI: humble beginnings of integrating AI in the e-Justice Paradigm and the Digital Single Market strategy -- 3.2. Further developments: EC White Paper on AI, the Study on the use of innovative technologies in the justice field and a toolbox of opportunities -- 3.3. Pending works: AI in judiciary in the EC "AI package", including a Proposal of the Artificial Intelligence Act -- 4. AI and the judiciary in the works of CEPEJ and CoE -- 5. Conclusions: is AI a Holy Grail, a wrong trail, or perhaps yet another element in the toolbox for the efficient administration of justice? -- References -- C.H. van Rhee: Covid-19 and the Role of Orality and Writing in Civil Litigation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Procedural Innovation in the High and later Middle Ages -- 3. Modernization of Civil Procedure -- 4. Modernization and Fundamental Procedural Principles -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Piotr Rylski: Organisation of the Civil Proceedings in Poland against the Pandemic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Written preparation of the case -- 3. Preparatory meeting -- 4. Trial plan -- 5. Giving judgement without a hearing -- 6. Informational activity of the court -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Anna Machnikowska: The principle of open justice during the Covid-19 pandemic - the polish experience -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The nature of changes concerning the functioning of the principle of open justice in civil proceedings -- 3. Case study - limitations on the openness of the proceedings in civil cases -- 4. Postulates -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Barbara Cis: Modification of the composition of the court in civil proceedings in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic - an outline of doubts in the context of the principle of the right to a fair trial and the participation of citizens in the administration of justice.

1. General remarks.