Domestic Application of International Law : : Focusing on Direct Applicability / / Yuji Iwasawa.

• Superior document: International Law in Japanese Perspective ; 15
• VerfasserIn: Iwasawa, Yuji,
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden ;, Boston : : Brill | Nijhoff,, 2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: International Law in Japanese Perspective ; 15.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (344 pages)

This book is a comprehensive study on the application of international law in domestic law, with a particular focus on the concept of direct applicability. It critically examines the domestic application of international law and puts forward a new framework.

Domestic Application of International Law analyses the domestic application of international law, with a particular focus on the concept of direct applicability. It critically examines the relevant doctrine and practice and proposes a new analytical framework. It argues, inter alia, the following: direct applicability is a question of domestic law; international law is presumed to be directly applicable; the criteria for direct applicability are grounds to exclude rather than establish direct applicability; the positive intent of the parties should not be considered a criterion; domestic legal force is a prerequisite for direct applicability; a relative approach to direct applicability should be adopted.

Table of Contents

Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- A Increasing Importance of the Domestic Application of International Law -- B Incorporation of International Law -- C Different Sources of the Concept of Direct Applicability -- Chapter 2 Concept of Direct Applicability: The International Approach -- A Advisory Opinion of the Permanent Court of International Justice on Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig -- B The International Approach -- 1 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 2 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- 3 The European Convention on Human Rights -- 4 The American Convention on Human Rights -- 5 The Genocide Convention -- 6 The European Social Charter -- 7 The ilo Conventions -- 8 The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property -- C Problems of the International Approach -- Chapter 3 The Doctrine of Self-Executing Treaties in the United States -- A Concept -- 1 Directly Applicable and Executed without Legislation -- 2 Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force of International Law -- (a) Distinguishing Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force -- (b) Relationship between Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force -- 3 Creation of Individual Rights -- B Question of Domestic Law -- C Criteria -- 1 Subjective Criteria -- (a) Intent of the Parties -- 1) Positive Intent of the Parties -- 2) Presumption -- 3) Negative Intent of the Parties -- 4) Provisions Calling for Domestic Implementation -- 5) Provisions Calling for International Implementation -- 6) Intent of the United States -- 7) Travaux Préparatoires -- 8) Intent of other States -- (b) Executive Intent -- (c) Legislative Intent -- (d) Declarations -- 2 Objective Criteria -- (a) Precision.

(b) Subject Matter -- (c) Legal Obligations -- (d) Political Treaties -- (e) International Procedures for Enforcement -- (f) Formal Addressee -- (g) Language of Contract -- D Relative Approach -- Chapter 4 Direct Effect of European Union Law -- A Concept -- 1 Origin of the Concept -- 2 Direct Effect and Direct Applicability -- 3 Creation of Individual Rights -- B Question of EU Law -- C Criteria -- 1 Spirit, General Scheme, and Wording -- 2 Precision -- 3 Absence of Discretion -- 4 Unconditionality -- 5 Other Criteria -- (a) Provisions Calling for Implementation -- (b) Formal Addressee -- (c) International Procedures for Enforcement -- (d) Legal Obligations -- D Regulations, Decisions, Directives, and International Agreements -- 1 Regulations, Decisions, and Directives -- 2 International Agreements -- E Relative Approach -- 1 Contextual Determination of Direct Applicability -- 2 The Review of Legality of Member States' Administrative or Legislative Actions -- 3 Exclusion Effect and Substitution Effect -- 4 Exclusion Effect and Direct Effect -- 5 Primacy and Direct Effect -- 6 Other Effects -- F Direct Applicability in EU Law and International Law -- Chapter 5 Domestic Application of International Law: A Framework of Analysis -- A Concept of Direct Applicability of International Law -- 1 Confusion of Concept -- 2 Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force of International Law -- (a) Distinguishing Direct Applicability from Domestic Legal Force -- (b) Relationship between Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force -- 3 Creation of Individual Rights -- 4 Distinguishing Directly Applicable International Law from Law-Making Treaties -- B Question of Domestic Law -- C Criteria of the Direct Applicability of International Law -- 1 Subjective Criteria -- (a) Intent of the Parties -- 1) Positive Intent of the Parties -- 2) Presumption.

3) Negative Intent of the Parties -- 4) Provisions Calling for Domestic Implementation -- 5) Provisions Calling for International Implementation -- 6) Intent of One's Own State -- 7) Travaux Préparatoires -- 8) Intent of Other States -- (b) Intent of the Executive and the Legislature -- 1) The Executive Intent -- 2) The Legislative Intent -- 3) Declarations -- 2 Objective Criteria -- (a) Precision -- (b) Subject Matter -- (c) Legal Obligations -- (d) Political Treaties -- (e) International Procedures for Enforcement -- (f) Reciprocity -- (g) Formal Addressee -- D Relative Approach -- 1 Contextual Determination of Direct Applicability -- 2 Positive Application and Negative Application of International Law -- 3 Exclusion Effect -- 4 Standstill Effect -- 5 Review of the Legality of National Measures -- 6 Other Effects -- 7 Advantages of the Relative Approach -- Chapter 6 Customary International Law and Acts of International Organizations -- A Direct Applicability of Customary International Law -- B Direct Applicability of Acts of International Organizations -- 1 Domestic Legal Force -- 2 Direct Applicability -- 3 Other Effects -- Chapter 7 Judgments of International Courts -- A Domestic Enforcement of International Decisions -- 1 International Arbitral Awards -- 2 European Court of Justice -- 3 European Court of Human Rights -- 4 International Court of Justice -- 5 World Trade Organization -- B Direct Enforceability -- C Acts of International Supervisory Bodies -- 1 International Labour Organization -- 2 United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies -- D Effects Other Than Direct Enforceability -- E Authentic Interpretation and Authoritative Interpretation -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Books -- Articles -- Index.