Deepsea mining and the law of the sea / / Alexandra Merle Post.

• Superior document: Publications on Ocean Development
• VerfasserIn: Post, Alexandra Merle,
• Place / Publishing House: The Hague, The Netherlands ;, Boston, Massachusetts : : Kluwer Law International,, [1983]; ©1983
• Year of Publication: 1983
• Language: English
• Series: Publications on Ocean Development
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (382 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Table of Contents
• List of figures and tables
• List of abbreviations
• PART ONE: THE PARAMETERS OF OCEAN MINING
• 1. The geological parameter
• 1.1 Ocean space
• 1.2 Differences between land and sea relevant to ocean mining
• 1.3 The high seas and deep seabeds
• 1.4 Ability to use the sea
• 1.5 The geological definition of ocean space
• 1.6 Ocean minerals
• 1.6.1 Sea water minerals
• 1.6.2 Deposits on the ocean floor
• 1.6.3 Minerals within the crust of the sea floor
• 1.7 Manganese nodules - structure and occurrence
• 1.8 Summary
• 2. The technological parameter
• 2.1 Reconnaissance: prospecting and exploration
• 2.2 Nodule retrieval
• 2.3 Surface and transportation systems
• 2.4 Processing
• 2.5 Summary
• 3. The economic parameter
• 3.1 Myths and misconceptions about the minerals markets
• 3.2 The question of minerals scarcity
• 3.3 World minerals demand
• 3.4 Estimating estimates of supply
• 3.5 Nickel
• 3.6 Cobalt
• 3.7 Manganese
• 3.8 Molybdenum
• 3.9 Copper
• 3.10 Summary
• 4. The environmental parameter
• 4.1 The environmental impact of deepsea mining
• 4.1.1 The ocean bottom
• 4.1.2 The water column and the ocean surface
• 4.1.3 Transportation corridors
• 4.1.4 The processing plant
• 4.1.5 Waste disposal
• 4.2 Monitoring the environmental impact of ocean mining
• 4.3 Government regulation
• 4.4 Summary
• 5. The historical parameter
• 5.1 Technology and man's changing relationship to the sea
• 5.2 A chronology of maritime history as related to ocean mining and the Conference on the Law of the Sea
• 5.3 Implications of maritime history for the deepsea mining debate
• 5.3.1 From maritime law to Law of the Sea
• 5.3.2 From two- to three-dimensional sea use.
• 5.3.3 From geopolitical to technological determinism: The Soviet example
• 5.3.4 From common claims to interest-claiming
• 5.4 Summary
• 6. The theoretical parameter
• 6.1 Roman law: a sea held common
• 6.2 Medieval law: the common good
• 6.3 The seventeenth century: assessing the fundaments of the common stock and private property
• 6.3.1 The nature of water
• 6.3.2 Things held common
• 6.4 The eighteenth century: a common will through law
• 6.5 The nineteenth century: the political economics of common ownership
• 6.6 The twentieth century: the legal and theoretical premises of an international common
• 6.6.1 Non-ownership
• 6.6.2 Access
• 6.6.3 International administration vs. enclosure
• 6.6.4 Peace and world order
• 6.6.5 Strong penal
• 6.6.6 Strong promotive
• 6.7 Summary
• 7. The political parameter
• 7.1 The issues
• 7.2 The participants
• 7.3 The major arena of the seabed debate
• 7.4 The prizes at stake
• 7.5 The process
• 7.5.1 The procedural quandry
• 7.5.2 The Conference structure
• 7.5.3 The 'informal negotiating procedure'
• 7.6 Alternatives
• 7.7 Summary
• PART TWO: THE OPTIONS OF OCEAN MINING
• 8. Early efforts at model building
• 8.1 The Group of 77 model
• 8.1.1 Exploitation rights
• 8.1.2 Resource policy
• 8.1.3 Governance
• 8.2 The U.S. proposals
• 8.2.1 Exploitation rights
• 8.2.2 Resource policy
• 8.2.3 Governance
• 8.3 Proposals by the European Community and Japan
• 8.3.1 Exploitation rights
• 8.3.2 Resource policy
• 8.4 Canadian proposals
• 8.5 Soviet proposals
• 9. The Informal Single Negotiating Text (ISNT)
• 9.1 Exploitation rights
• 9.2 Resource policy
• 9.3 Governance
• 10. The Revised Single Negotiating Text (RSNT)
• 10.1 Exploitation rights
• 10.2 Resource policy
• 10.3 Governance
• 11. The Draft Convention (ICNT)
• 11.1 Exploitation rights
• 11.2 Resource policy.
• 11.3 Governance
• 12. Contradictions underlying Conference negotiations
• 12.1 Security of supply vs. resource control
• 12.2 A new maritime treaty vs. customary law
• 12.3 Producer vs. regulator functions
• 12.4 Equity vs. efficiency objectives
• 12.5 A government vs. agency format
• 12.6 Assuming tasks vs. capability to fulfill them
• 12.7 National vs. international control
• 12.8 Present vs. future regime building
• 12.9 National vs. common international interests
• 12.10 Positive vs. negative covariance
• 12.11 LBP assistance vs. market expansion
• 12.12 Authority control vs. corporate and state financing
• 12.13 The costs of control vs. benefit sharing
• 12.14 Spontaneous vs. discretionary order building
• 13. Exploitation rights: the legal option
• 13.1 Establishing authority competence in deepsea mining
• 13.1.1 Bequeathing personality to an intergovernmental agency
• 13.1.2 The right of intergovernmental organizations to enter commercial joint arrangements
• 13.2 Changes in mining agreements
• 13.2.1 Demise of the traditional concession
• 13.2.2 Increased risk
• 13.2.3 Transformation of the mining contract
• 13.2.4 Lateralization of ownership and finance
• 13.2.5 Increased market intervention
• 13.3 The exploitation mandate of the authority
• 13.3.1 Applicable law
• 13.3.2 Title to resources
• 13.3.3 Transfer of title
• 13.3.4 Transport, processing and marketing
• 13.3.5 The exclusive or priority rights of the Authority
• 13.4 Exploitation rights of private and state entities
• 13.4.1 Access
• 13.4.2 The plan of work
• 13.4.3 Anti-monopoly provisions
• 13.4.4 The application procedure
• 14. Regulating recovery: the resource policy option
• 14.1 Implementors
• 14.2 Production controls
• 14.3 Participation in international commodity agreements
• 14.4 Priority rights and anti-monopoly restrictions.
• 14.5 Adjustment assistance to land-based producers
• 15. Funding ocean mining: the financial option
• 15.1 Costs
• 15.2 The financial structuring of ocean mining
• 15.2.1 Risk
• 15.2.2 Project phases
• 15.2.3 Research phase
• 15.3 The ocean mining groups
• 15.4 Financing the public Enterprise
• 15.5 Taxation
• 15.6 An offering of ocean mining securities
• 15.6.1 A participating bond offering to state holders
• 15.6.2 A straight or participation bond to private investors
• Conclusion. The legal route to the sea
• Postscript
• A. Calendar of major events in 1982 - UNCLOS 11
• B. Major changes to the seabed mining regime incorporated at Session 11
• C. Important amendment proposals by state delegations, not incorporated in final Convention of the Law of the Sea at Session 11
• Appendices
• Appendix one. United Nations CP Working Paper No. 2 with Addendum 1
• Appendix two. Draft convention on the Law of the Sea (fragments)
• 1. Part XI: The area
• 2. Annex III: Basic conditions of prospecting, exploration, and exploitation
• 3. Annex IV: Statute of the enterprise
• Bibliography.