The margin of appreciation doctrine in the dynamics of European human rights jurisprudence /

The margin of appreciation doctrine in the dynamics of European human rights jurisprudence / / Howard Charles Yourow.

The Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in the Dynamics of European Human Rights Jurisprudence is the first full-length monograph to treat this subject, which is of central importance to the interpretation and application of the European Convention on Human Rights. It will enrich the understanding and a...

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Bibliographic Details
Superior document:International Studies in Human Rights ; 28
VerfasserIn:
Yourow, Howard C.,
Place / Publishing House:The Hague, The Netherlands ;, Boston, Massachusetts : : Kluwer Law International,, [1996]
©1996
Year of Publication:1996
Language:English
Series:International Studies in Human Rights ; 28.
Physical Description:1 online resource.
Notes:"Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Michigan Law School in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)."
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Original Copyright Page
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION
  • A. Method
  • 1. Purposes and Objectives of the Study
  • 2. Cultural and Legal Context
  • (A) Commonality
  • (B) Diversity
  • 3. The European Convention and "Judicial Review"
  • 4. The System of the Convention
  • B. The International Supervisory Function and the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine
  • 1. Articles 19 and 45 Jurisprudence
  • 2. Case Law Under the Articles
  • 3. The Inherent Systemic Tensions
  • C. The International Supervisory Function and the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine: Survey of the Cases
  • 1. Precis
  • 2. Definition and Origins of the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine
  • (A) Definition
  • (B) Origins
  • D. Birth of the Margin Doctrine
  • 1. National Derogation Under Article 15
  • (A) Cyprus Cases: Birth of the Margin Doctrine in the Commission
  • (B) Lawless Case: Commission Proposal of the Doctrine to the Court
  • (C) Greek Colonels Cases: Derogation Disallowed
  • (D) Ireland v. United Kingdom Case: Derogation and Interstate Complaint
  • 2. Non-Derogation Internal Security Cases
  • Klass Case
  • Arrowsmith Case
  • E. Expansion of the Doctrine Beyond Derogation
  • 1. The Due Process Articles
  • 2. The Personal Freedoms Articles
  • (A) The Articles 8-11 Group
  • (B) Private Property: Protection and Regulation
  • (C) Other Personal Freedoms
  • 3. The Discrimination Article
  • 4. Case Survey Method
  • CHAPTER TWO - LEADING CASES TO 1979: TOWARD STANDARDS
  • A. Criminal and Civil Due Process: Neumeister, Stögmüller, Ringeisen, Wemhoff, Matznetter, König, Delcourt, Luedicke, Belkacem and Koç Cases
  • B. Personal Freedoms: Belgian Linguistic Case Foundations of Non-Derogation Margin Analysis.
  • Introduction of the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine Outside Article 15 Emergency Situations
  • Emergence of the Consensus Standard
  • Proportionality
  • The Bridging Function of the Case
  • The Foundation Elements of Margin Doctrine Analysis
  • Evolution of "Restrictive" Margin Analysis
  • Dissenting Opinions: Clarifying the Margin Doctrine
  • Autonomous Approach to the International Supervisory Function
  • C. Personal Freedoms: The "Restricted Environments" Cases of the Early 1970s - Introduction
  • 1. Vagrancy Case: Expansion of State Discretion
  • 2. Golder Case: A Majority's Departure from Static Interpretation
  • The "Old Guard" Dissent
  • 3. National Union of Belgian Police Case: Union Association and State Discretion
  • 4. Engel et al. Case: Rights Under Arms
  • (A) The Dialectic of Liberty and Authority
  • (B) Significance of the Opinion in the Overall Development of the Case Law
  • D. Personal Freedoms: The 1970s "Middle Period"
  • 1. Kjeldsen, Busk Madsen and Pedersen Case ("Danish Sex Education")
  • 2. Handyside Case: Morality and the Margin
  • The "European Consensus" Standard and the Relativity of the Margin Standard
  • On the International Supervisory Function
  • Way Station: From Belgian Linguistic to Handyside - Evolution of Margin Methodology Within the Pre-1979 Period
  • 3. Klass et al. Case: Internal Security and Secret Surveillance
  • Framing the Limits of Liberty
  • The Limitation or Accommodation Clause
  • The Compelling Societal or State Interest in Order and Security
  • E. Findings and Conclusions with Regard to the Pre-1979 Case Law
  • CHAPTER THREE - LEADING CASES SINCE 1979: THE ASSERTION OF STANDARDS
  • A. Introduction
  • B. Criminal and Civil Procedural Due Process of Law (Articles 5 and 6)
  • 1. Deprivation of Liberty (Article 5)
  • (A) Guzzardi Case: Isolation and Liberty
  • The Majority's Analysis.
  • Judge Matscher's Analysis
  • (B) Luberti Case: Psychiatric Confinement and Liberty
  • (C) Ashingdane Case: Psychiatric Detention Revisited
  • 2. Procedural Due Process of Law (Article 6)
  • (A) Pretto Case: Public Pronouncement of Judgment
  • (B) Axen and Sutter Cases: Public Pronouncement, Cont'd.
  • (C) Öztürk Case: Criminal and Administrative Offenses
  • Dissent of Judge Matscher
  • Dissent of Judge Bernhardt
  • (D) Colozza Case: Judgment In Absentia
  • (E) Ashingdane Case: The Article 6 Claim
  • Concurrence of Judge Lagergren
  • Dissent of Judge Pettiti
  • (F) Brogan Case: Margin Doctrine Expansion
  • Dissenting Opinion of Judges Walsh and Carrillo Salcedo
  • Partially Dissenting Opinion of Judge Evans
  • Dissent of Judge Martens
  • C. Personal Freedoms
  • 1. Respect for Privacy and Family Life (Article 8)
  • (A) Dudgeon Case: Morality Reconsidered
  • Reconciling the Handyside - Dudgeon Rulings?
  • A "Rights Hierarchy" Model Strengthened?
  • Consensus Analysis
  • Dissenting Opinions
  • Dissent of Judge Zekia
  • Dissent of Judge Walsh
  • Local Consensus
  • Euro-Consensus
  • (B) Silver et al. Case: Prisoners' Rights Revisited
  • The "Prescribed by Law" Requirement: The Margin of Discretion and the Rule of Law
  • The "Necessary in a Democratic Society" Requirement
  • (C) Malone Case: Wiretapping and "Unfettered Police Discretion"
  • Concurring Opinion of Judge Pettiti
  • (D) X and Y Case: Privacy and Access to Courts
  • (E) Gillow Case: Home and Hearth
  • (F) Leander Case: Secret Surveillance and National Security
  • (G) Johnston et al. Case: Constitutional Prohibition on Divorce
  • 2. Freedom of Expression (Article 10)
  • (A) Sunday Times Case: On Prior Restraint
  • The Majority Opinion
  • "Prescribed by Law" - "Necessary in a Democratic Society"
  • The European Consensus Standard
  • Weighing and Balancing
  • Joint Dissenting Opinion.
  • Weighing and Balancing
  • Applicability of a Reasonableness Standard
  • The European Consensus Standard
  • Proportionality of Restraint
  • Synthesis of Dissenters' Methodology
  • Sunday Times and the Evolution of Convention Jurisprudence
  • (B) Barthold Case: Free Speech and the Professions
  • Joint Dissenting Opinion
  • Concurrence of Judge Pettiti
  • (C) Lingens Case: Defamation and Politicians
  • (D) Müller Case: Morality and the Boundaries of Artistic Expression
  • Dissent of Judge Spielmann
  • (E) Barfod Case: Defamation and Judges
  • Contrast: The Commission Opinion
  • (F) Markt intern Verlag GmbH and Klaus Beerman Case: Commercial Speech
  • Joint Dissenting Opinion
  • Dissent of Judge Pettiti
  • Dissent of Judge Martens
  • 3. Freedom of Association (Article 11)
  • Young, James and Webster Case: The Closed Shop
  • The Majority Opinion: Leavening the Weighing and Balancing Process With the Margin Doctrine
  • Concurring Opinion of Judge Evrigenis
  • Joint Concurring Opinion
  • Dissent of Judge Sorenson
  • 4. Peaceful Enjoyment of Possessions (Protocol I, Article 1)
  • (A) Sporrong and Lönnroth Case: Peaceful Enjoyment Prevails
  • The Majority's Analysis
  • Joint Dissenting Opinion
  • (B) Lithgow and James: Property Rights
  • (1) Lithgow et al. Case: Just Compensation and National Discretion
  • Commission Opinion
  • Court Judgment
  • (2) James et al. Case: Landlords' Peaceful Enjoyment and the Regulation of Tenants' Leasehold Interests
  • Commission Opinion
  • Court Judgment
  • (C) Tre Traktörer Case: License Revocation as Deprivation of Property
  • (D) Mellacher Case: Rent Reductions and Property Rights
  • Joint Dissenting Opinion
  • (E) Håkansson and Sturesson Case: Expropriation of Land
  • D. Discrimination and Equal Protection (Article 14)
  • 1. Marckx Case: "Illegitimacy" and Evolutive Interpretation
  • Dissent of Judge Fitzmaurice.
  • 2. Rasmussen Case: Gender Equality
  • 3. Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali Case: Immigration and Gender Discrimination
  • 4. Van der Mussele Case: Exceptions to National Discretion Jurisprudence
  • E. Findings and Conclusions with Regard to the Post-1979 Case Law
  • 1. The Due Process of Law Articles
  • 2. The Personal Freedoms-Limitations Clause Articles
  • 3. The Private Property Guarantee
  • 4. The Discrimination Provision
  • 5. Exceptions to National Discretion Analysis
  • CHAPTER FOUR - FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • A. Sources of Law and Methods of Interpretation
  • B. Classifying the Applicability of National Appreciation Doctrine
  • C. "Rights Hierarchy" and "Rights Continuum" Theories
  • D. "Preferred," "Specially Protected," "Priority" Rights "Private/Public" Rights
  • E. The Strasbourg Doctrine on Divided Power Issues
  • F. Consensus, Margin Doctrine, and Evolutive or Dynamic Interpretation of the Convention's Provisions
  • G. Summation
  • 1. Defense of the System
  • 2. Continuing Concerns
  • POSTSCRIPT
  • CHAPTER FIVE - PROVISIONS OF THE EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTION
  • CHAPTER SIX - TABLE OF CASES
  • CHAPTER SEVEN - BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • ABOUT THE AUTHOR
  • International Studies in Human Rights.

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