The margin of appreciation doctrine in the dynamics of European human rights jurisprudence / / Howard Charles Yourow.

• Superior document: International Studies in Human Rights ; 28
• VerfasserIn: Yourow, Howard C.,
• Place / Publishing House: The Hague, The Netherlands ;, Boston, Massachusetts : : Kluwer Law International,, [1996]; ©1996
• Year of Publication: 1996
• Language: English
• Series: International Studies in Human Rights ; 28.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource.
• Notes: "Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Michigan Law School in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)."

The Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in the Dynamics of European Human Rights Jurisprudence is the first full-length monograph to treat this subject, which is of central importance to the interpretation and application of the European Convention on Human Rights. It will enrich the understanding and appreciation of judges, advocates, civil servants, scholars, researchers, students, and indeed of anyone whose life and work is affected by national and international human rights adjudication. This thorough and learned analysis synthesizes the work of the Strasbourg judicial organs, proceeding in the light of the ongoing debates on the appropriate place of the margin doctrine in the Strasbourg jurisprudence. The author's rich conclusions add texture and perspective to the future judicial and scholarly dialogues which will no doubt continue to surround this subject matter. The text is eminently readable, written in a clear and precise style to be appreciated by the novice and specialist alike. The newcomer to human rights and to the Convention will find it an inviting introduction to complex material; the expert will gain new and expanded insights into the development of the case law rarely to be found in this breadth and depth.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION -- A. Method -- 1. Purposes and Objectives of the Study -- 2. Cultural and Legal Context -- (A) Commonality -- (B) Diversity -- 3. The European Convention and "Judicial Review" -- 4. The System of the Convention -- B. The International Supervisory Function and the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine -- 1. Articles 19 and 45 Jurisprudence -- 2. Case Law Under the Articles -- 3. The Inherent Systemic Tensions -- C. The International Supervisory Function and the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine: Survey of the Cases -- 1. Precis -- 2. Definition and Origins of the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine -- (A) Definition -- (B) Origins -- D. Birth of the Margin Doctrine -- 1. National Derogation Under Article 15 -- (A) Cyprus Cases: Birth of the Margin Doctrine in the Commission -- (B) Lawless Case: Commission Proposal of the Doctrine to the Court -- (C) Greek Colonels Cases: Derogation Disallowed -- (D) Ireland v. United Kingdom Case: Derogation and Interstate Complaint -- 2. Non-Derogation Internal Security Cases -- Klass Case -- Arrowsmith Case -- E. Expansion of the Doctrine Beyond Derogation -- 1. The Due Process Articles -- 2. The Personal Freedoms Articles -- (A) The Articles 8-11 Group -- (B) Private Property: Protection and Regulation -- (C) Other Personal Freedoms -- 3. The Discrimination Article -- 4. Case Survey Method -- CHAPTER TWO - LEADING CASES TO 1979: TOWARD STANDARDS -- A. Criminal and Civil Due Process: Neumeister, Stögmüller, Ringeisen, Wemhoff, Matznetter, König, Delcourt, Luedicke, Belkacem and Koç Cases -- B. Personal Freedoms: Belgian Linguistic Case Foundations of Non-Derogation Margin Analysis.

Introduction of the National Margin of Appreciation Doctrine Outside Article 15 Emergency Situations -- Emergence of the Consensus Standard -- Proportionality -- The Bridging Function of the Case -- The Foundation Elements of Margin Doctrine Analysis -- Evolution of "Restrictive" Margin Analysis -- Dissenting Opinions: Clarifying the Margin Doctrine -- Autonomous Approach to the International Supervisory Function -- C. Personal Freedoms: The "Restricted Environments" Cases of the Early 1970s - Introduction -- 1. Vagrancy Case: Expansion of State Discretion -- 2. Golder Case: A Majority's Departure from Static Interpretation -- The "Old Guard" Dissent -- 3. National Union of Belgian Police Case: Union Association and State Discretion -- 4. Engel et al. Case: Rights Under Arms -- (A) The Dialectic of Liberty and Authority -- (B) Significance of the Opinion in the Overall Development of the Case Law -- D. Personal Freedoms: The 1970s "Middle Period" -- 1. Kjeldsen, Busk Madsen and Pedersen Case ("Danish Sex Education") -- 2. Handyside Case: Morality and the Margin -- The "European Consensus" Standard and the Relativity of the Margin Standard -- On the International Supervisory Function -- Way Station: From Belgian Linguistic to Handyside - Evolution of Margin Methodology Within the Pre-1979 Period -- 3. Klass et al. Case: Internal Security and Secret Surveillance -- Framing the Limits of Liberty -- The Limitation or Accommodation Clause -- The Compelling Societal or State Interest in Order and Security -- E. Findings and Conclusions with Regard to the Pre-1979 Case Law -- CHAPTER THREE - LEADING CASES SINCE 1979: THE ASSERTION OF STANDARDS -- A. Introduction -- B. Criminal and Civil Procedural Due Process of Law (Articles 5 and 6) -- 1. Deprivation of Liberty (Article 5) -- (A) Guzzardi Case: Isolation and Liberty -- The Majority's Analysis.

Judge Matscher's Analysis -- (B) Luberti Case: Psychiatric Confinement and Liberty -- (C) Ashingdane Case: Psychiatric Detention Revisited -- 2. Procedural Due Process of Law (Article 6) -- (A) Pretto Case: Public Pronouncement of Judgment -- (B) Axen and Sutter Cases: Public Pronouncement, Cont'd. -- (C) Öztürk Case: Criminal and Administrative Offenses -- Dissent of Judge Matscher -- Dissent of Judge Bernhardt -- (D) Colozza Case: Judgment In Absentia -- (E) Ashingdane Case: The Article 6 Claim -- Concurrence of Judge Lagergren -- Dissent of Judge Pettiti -- (F) Brogan Case: Margin Doctrine Expansion -- Dissenting Opinion of Judges Walsh and Carrillo Salcedo -- Partially Dissenting Opinion of Judge Evans -- Dissent of Judge Martens -- C. Personal Freedoms -- 1. Respect for Privacy and Family Life (Article 8) -- (A) Dudgeon Case: Morality Reconsidered -- Reconciling the Handyside - Dudgeon Rulings? -- A "Rights Hierarchy" Model Strengthened? -- Consensus Analysis -- Dissenting Opinions -- Dissent of Judge Zekia -- Dissent of Judge Walsh -- Local Consensus -- Euro-Consensus -- (B) Silver et al. Case: Prisoners' Rights Revisited -- The "Prescribed by Law" Requirement: The Margin of Discretion and the Rule of Law -- The "Necessary in a Democratic Society" Requirement -- (C) Malone Case: Wiretapping and "Unfettered Police Discretion" -- Concurring Opinion of Judge Pettiti -- (D) X and Y Case: Privacy and Access to Courts -- (E) Gillow Case: Home and Hearth -- (F) Leander Case: Secret Surveillance and National Security -- (G) Johnston et al. Case: Constitutional Prohibition on Divorce -- 2. Freedom of Expression (Article 10) -- (A) Sunday Times Case: On Prior Restraint -- The Majority Opinion -- "Prescribed by Law" - "Necessary in a Democratic Society" -- The European Consensus Standard -- Weighing and Balancing -- Joint Dissenting Opinion.

Weighing and Balancing -- Applicability of a Reasonableness Standard -- The European Consensus Standard -- Proportionality of Restraint -- Synthesis of Dissenters' Methodology -- Sunday Times and the Evolution of Convention Jurisprudence -- (B) Barthold Case: Free Speech and the Professions -- Joint Dissenting Opinion -- Concurrence of Judge Pettiti -- (C) Lingens Case: Defamation and Politicians -- (D) Müller Case: Morality and the Boundaries of Artistic Expression -- Dissent of Judge Spielmann -- (E) Barfod Case: Defamation and Judges -- Contrast: The Commission Opinion -- (F) Markt intern Verlag GmbH and Klaus Beerman Case: Commercial Speech -- Joint Dissenting Opinion -- Dissent of Judge Pettiti -- Dissent of Judge Martens -- 3. Freedom of Association (Article 11) -- Young, James and Webster Case: The Closed Shop -- The Majority Opinion: Leavening the Weighing and Balancing Process With the Margin Doctrine -- Concurring Opinion of Judge Evrigenis -- Joint Concurring Opinion -- Dissent of Judge Sorenson -- 4. Peaceful Enjoyment of Possessions (Protocol I, Article 1) -- (A) Sporrong and Lönnroth Case: Peaceful Enjoyment Prevails -- The Majority's Analysis -- Joint Dissenting Opinion -- (B) Lithgow and James: Property Rights -- (1) Lithgow et al. Case: Just Compensation and National Discretion -- Commission Opinion -- Court Judgment -- (2) James et al. Case: Landlords' Peaceful Enjoyment and the Regulation of Tenants' Leasehold Interests -- Commission Opinion -- Court Judgment -- (C) Tre Traktörer Case: License Revocation as Deprivation of Property -- (D) Mellacher Case: Rent Reductions and Property Rights -- Joint Dissenting Opinion -- (E) Håkansson and Sturesson Case: Expropriation of Land -- D. Discrimination and Equal Protection (Article 14) -- 1. Marckx Case: "Illegitimacy" and Evolutive Interpretation -- Dissent of Judge Fitzmaurice.

2. Rasmussen Case: Gender Equality -- 3. Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali Case: Immigration and Gender Discrimination -- 4. Van der Mussele Case: Exceptions to National Discretion Jurisprudence -- E. Findings and Conclusions with Regard to the Post-1979 Case Law -- 1. The Due Process of Law Articles -- 2. The Personal Freedoms-Limitations Clause Articles -- 3. The Private Property Guarantee -- 4. The Discrimination Provision -- 5. Exceptions to National Discretion Analysis -- CHAPTER FOUR - FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- A. Sources of Law and Methods of Interpretation -- B. Classifying the Applicability of National Appreciation Doctrine -- C. "Rights Hierarchy" and "Rights Continuum" Theories -- D. "Preferred," "Specially Protected," "Priority" Rights "Private/Public" Rights -- E. The Strasbourg Doctrine on Divided Power Issues -- F. Consensus, Margin Doctrine, and Evolutive or Dynamic Interpretation of the Convention's Provisions -- G. Summation -- 1. Defense of the System -- 2. Continuing Concerns -- POSTSCRIPT -- CHAPTER FIVE - PROVISIONS OF THE EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTION -- CHAPTER SIX - TABLE OF CASES -- CHAPTER SEVEN - BIBLIOGRAPHY -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- International Studies in Human Rights.