The geostationary ring : : practice and law / / Martha Mejía-Kaiser.
"The Geostationary Ring: Practice and Law addresses numerous physical aspects of this highly sought-after orbit which serves as the backbone for international satellite communications and analyses the evolution of its use, coordination and related disputes along with sovereignty claims over seg...
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Superior document: | Studies in Space Law ; 16 |
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VerfasserIn: | |
Place / Publishing House: | Leiden, Netherlands : : Brill Nijhoff,, 2020. |
Year of Publication: | 2020 |
Language: | English |
Series: | Studies in Space Law ;
16. |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource. |
Notes: | Includes index. |
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Table of Contents:
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- List of Figures and Tables
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 Physical Characteristics and Users of the Geostationary Orbit
- 1 The Way Leading to the Geostationary Orbit
- 2 Types of Orbits
- 3 Two Examples of Circular and Elliptical Orbits
- 4 The Geostationary Orbit
- 5 Geosynchronous Orbits
- 6 The Geostationary Ring as a Three-Dimensional Body
- 7 Some Natural Forces Influencing Satellite Positions
- 8 Users of the Geostationary Ring
- 9 Conclusion
- 2 Basic Concepts of Space Law as Relevant to the Geostationary Ring
- 1 Space Law Legal and Political Multilateral Instruments
- 2 Basic Concepts of Space Law
- 3 State Responsibility in General
- 4 State Responsibility for Space Activities
- 5 Liability
- 6 Conclusion
- 3 Sovereignty Claims with Respect to the Geostationary Ring
- 1 The Boundaries of Outer Space
- 2 The Bogotá Declaration
- 3 Position of Colombia
- 4 Position of Ecuador
- 5 The Unsubstantiated Position of Colombia and Ecuador
- 6 Conclusion
- 4 Slots and Electromagnetic Frequencies
- 1 Beginning of Space Communications
- 2 Brief Historical Background of ITU ’s Role with Regard to Geostationary Communications
- 3 Stepping Stones for Geostationary Slot and Frequency Coordination
- 4 Controversial and Peculiar Issues
- 5 Conclusion
- 5 Space Traffic in the Geostationary Ring
- 1 Busy Segments in the Geostationary Ring
- 2 Sharing Duties for Satellite Station-keeping
- 3 Traffic Rules and Traffic Management
- 4 Conclusion
- 6 Pollution of the Geostationary Ring
- 1 Generation of Space Debris
- 2 Small Space Debris
- 3 Space Surveillance
- 4 Initial Efforts to Preserve the Geostationary Ring
- 5 Conclusion
- 7 Re-orbiting into Graveyard Orbits
- 1 The Geostationary Ring as a Protected Region
- 2 The Price of Re-orbiting Satellites into Graveyard Orbits
- 3 Evolution of the IADC Recommendations on ‘Re-orbiting’ into Customary Law?
- 4 Will the ‘Re-orbiting of Geostationary Satellites into Graveyard Orbits’ Crystallize into a New Norm of International Customary Law?
- 5 Legal Consequences If ‘Re-orbiting of Geostationary Satellites into Graveyard Orbits’ Crystallizes as a Norm
- 6 Legal Consequences Even If No Norm Exists
- 7 Conclusion
- 8 On-Orbit Servicing, Removal and Recycling of Space Debris
- 1 The State with Jurisdiction and Control
- 2 On-Orbit Servicing of Geostationary Satellites
- 3 Salvage of Space Objects
- 4 Recycling Space Objects
- 5 Responsibility and Liability for On-orbit Servicing, Salvage and Recycling
- 6 Active Space Debris Removal
- 7 Responsibility and Liability for Removal
- 8 Removal of Hazardous Space Objects XX
- 9 Model for The Distant Future: International Market Oriented Space Removal
- 10 Conclusion
- 9 Unauthorised Cyber Activities
- 1 Basic Technical Description of a Satellite System
- 2 Methods to Access the Computer Systems of a Space System
- 3 Unauthorised Access to Satellite Payload Information
- 4 Unauthorised Access to Satellite Flight Systems
- 5 Unauthorised Cyber Activities Under Telecommunications Law
- 6 Unauthorised Cyber Activities in Space Law
- 7 Phases of Unauthorised Cyber Activities XX
- 8 Recommendations to Counteract Unauthorised Cyber Activities on Space Systems
- 9 Conclusion
- 10 Future Systems
- 1 Space Solar Power Systems
- 2 Space Mirrors
- 3 Space Elevator
- 4 Other Uses
- 5 Conclusion
- Concluding Remarks
- 1 Matters for Further Research
- 2 The Way Forward
- Annex 1: IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines
- Annex 2: Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations
- Annex 3: Table About the Practice by States and International Organisations on Satellite Re-Orbiting from 1999 to 2018
- Annex 4: Proposal of an International Convention on the Removal of Hazardous Space Debris
- Bibliography
- Treaties, Other Instruments and Documents
- Court Cases.