Large risks with low probabilities : : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / / edited by Tadeusz Tyszka and Piotr Zielonka.
This volume contains studies of one particular category of risky situations, namely, those involving highly negative consequences with low probabilities. Situations of this type involve both natural and man-made disasters (e.g. floods, technological hazards, economic crises, epidemics, etc.). Such r...
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Tyszka, Tadeusz edt Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / edited by Tadeusz Tyszka and Piotr Zielonka. IWA Publishing 2017 London, England : IWA Publishing, 2017. ©2017 1 online resource (230 pages) : illustrations text rdacontent computer rdamedia online resource rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed October 13, 2017). This volume contains studies of one particular category of risky situations, namely, those involving highly negative consequences with low probabilities. Situations of this type involve both natural and man-made disasters (e.g. floods, technological hazards, economic crises, epidemics, etc.). Such risks are characterized by two features: (1) they occur relatively rarely (the probability of their occurrence is very low) and (2) they have extremely negative consequences (they are catastrophic). Such events generally cannot be prevented, but one can both try to anticipate them and undertake actions aimed at ameliorating their negative consequences. Consequently, the first part of the book is devoted to risk perception issues. It includes studies devoted to the following questions which arise when people have to deal with probabilities, and small probabilities in particular: How can probabilistic information be communicated effectively? What is the impact of emotions on perceptions of, and reactions to, probabilistic information? Other relevant issues are also discussed. The second part of the book is devoted to protection and insurance against risk. Thus, it includes studies answering the following questions: What determines a person's willingness to take preventive actions in areas susceptible to severe flooding? How do people form their own risk estimates? Research presented in the book extends our knowledge of human behavior in situations characterized by large risks and low probabilities, leading to better comprehension of the functioning of cognitive and affective processes in perception and decision making in situations where uncertainty and risk are accompanied by highly negative consequences. CC BY-NC-ND English Knowledge Unlatched Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Psychological reactions to environmental hazards -- 1.1 Why Study Psychological Reactions to Environmental Hazards? -- 1.2 Environmental Cues, Social Cues, Warnings, and Predecisional Information Search -- 1.3 Perception of Environmental Threats -- 1.3.1 The difference between expert and lay conceptions of risk -- 1.3.2 Risk and emotion -- 1.3.3 Problems with the perception of probabilities -- 1.4 Decision-Making -- 1.4.1 Determinants of protective actions and insurance decisions -- References -- Chapter 2: Are people interested in probabilities of natural disasters? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Method -- 2.2.1 Subjects -- 2.2.2 Decision scenarios -- 2.2.3 Experimental procedure -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Data classification -- 2.3.2 Hypothesis testing -- 2.4 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Virus infection scenario (warm-up task) from Bär and Huber (2008) -- Appendix C: Choice list for the Holt and Laury (2002) task -- Appendix D: Question for general risk taking assessment -- Appendix E: Significance of Mann-Whitney U statistics (all tests are one-sided) -- Appendix F: Statistics by gender (means are weighted by the corresponding group sizes) -- Chapter 3: Overweighting versus underweighting of small probabilities -- 3.1 Underweighting and Overweighting of Small Probabilities -- 3.2 When do People Tend to Overweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.3 When do People Underweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.4 'Decisions from Description' versus 'Decisions from Experience' -- 3.5 Explanations of the Description-Experience Gap -- 3.5.1 Sampling bias -- 3.5.2 Switching behavior -- 3.5.3 The recency effect -- 3.5.4 The mere-presentation effect. 3.6 The Probability Weighting Function: How to Communicate Probabilities -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The communication of probabilistic information -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Probability Formats -- 4.2.1 Numerical probability formats -- 4.2.2 Graphical probability formats -- 4.2.3 Verbal probability information -- 4.3 Displaying Probability Information in a Sequential Format: An Empirical Verification -- 4.4 Experiments 1 and 2: Comparing a Sequential Display Format with Other Probability Formats -- 4.4.1 The research goal -- 4.4.2 Method -- 4.4.3 Experiment 1 - results -- 4.4.4 Experiment 2 - results -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The role of emotions in forming judgements about risks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Risk perception -- 5.1.2 Hazards and emotions -- 5.1.3 The study's aim -- 5.2 Method -- 5.2.1 Participants -- 5.2.2 Materials and procedure -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 The structure of emotional reactions and risk judgements -- 5.3.2 Mediation analyses -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Compensation -- Appendix C: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between different emotions -- Appendix D: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between negative affect and specific emotion factors -- Appendix E: Summary of mediation analyses results -- Chapter 6: What determines willingness to take preventive actions in areas experiencing severe flooding? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 How did inhabitants of the areas exposed to flood hazards perceive the threat? -- 6.3.2 Determinants of willingness to take preventive actions against flood hazard -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Cognitive and emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Cognitive factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.2 Emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.3 The role of personal experience in the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.4 Overview of the present study and hypotheses -- 7.2 Experiment 1 -- 7.2.1 Method -- 7.2.2 Results -- 7.2.3 Discussion -- 7.3 Experiment 2 -- 7.3.1 Method -- 7.3.2 Results -- 7.3.3 Discussion -- 7.4 Experiment 3 -- 7.4.1 Method -- 7.4.2 Results -- 7.4.3 Discussion -- 7.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 8: Peer effects in catastrophic risk insurance take-up -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Peer Effects: Mechanisms -- 8.3 Peer Effects: Empirical Studies -- 8.4 Experimental Study: Design and Methodology -- 8.4.1 General set-up -- 8.4.2 Treatments -- 8.4.3 Lab details -- 8.4.4 Predictions -- 8.5 Experimental Study: Results -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The illusion of safety: its existence, forms and remedies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study 1: The Illusion of Safety in the Laboratory -- 9.2.1 Participants -- 9.2.2 Procedure, scenarios and questions -- 9.2.3 Results -- 9.3 Study 2: The Illusion of Safety in the Field -- 9.3.1 The participant sample -- 9.3.2 Method and questionnaire -- 9.3.3 Results -- 9.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 10: Education and information as a basis for flood risk management - practical issues -- 10.1 Why Flood Education? -- 10.2 Actors in the Flood Risk Education and Communication Process -- 10.2.1 Broadcasters -- 10.2.2 Communication intermediaries -- 10.2.3 Receivers -- 10.3 Objectives of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4 Content of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4.1 Main characteristics of flood hazard -- 10.4.2 Knowledge of local causes of floods. 10.4.3 Flood risk reduction measures -- 10.5 Problems of Particular Importance -- 10.5.1 Responsibility for safety -- 10.5.2 Illusion of safety -- 10.5.3 Communication of risk -- 10.6 Facilitating Access to Important Information on Flood Risk -- 10.6.1 Improving the transfer of basic information -- 10.6.2 Providing people with guidebooks, brochures, and manuals addressed to vulnerable constituencies -- 10.6.3 Supporting social action and grassroots initiatives -- 10.7 Instruments Strengthening the Flood-Related Education System -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index. Disasters Risk assessment. Disasters Decision making. Science Environmental Science (see Also Chemistry Environmental) Applied Sciences Technology & Engineering Mining Zielonka, Piotr, editor. Tyszka, Tadeusz, editor. 1-78040-859-5 |
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English |
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Zielonka, Piotr, Tyszka, Tadeusz, |
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Zielonka, Piotr, Tyszka, Tadeusz, |
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TeilnehmendeR TeilnehmendeR |
title |
Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / |
spellingShingle |
Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Psychological reactions to environmental hazards -- 1.1 Why Study Psychological Reactions to Environmental Hazards? -- 1.2 Environmental Cues, Social Cues, Warnings, and Predecisional Information Search -- 1.3 Perception of Environmental Threats -- 1.3.1 The difference between expert and lay conceptions of risk -- 1.3.2 Risk and emotion -- 1.3.3 Problems with the perception of probabilities -- 1.4 Decision-Making -- 1.4.1 Determinants of protective actions and insurance decisions -- References -- Chapter 2: Are people interested in probabilities of natural disasters? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Method -- 2.2.1 Subjects -- 2.2.2 Decision scenarios -- 2.2.3 Experimental procedure -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Data classification -- 2.3.2 Hypothesis testing -- 2.4 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Virus infection scenario (warm-up task) from Bär and Huber (2008) -- Appendix C: Choice list for the Holt and Laury (2002) task -- Appendix D: Question for general risk taking assessment -- Appendix E: Significance of Mann-Whitney U statistics (all tests are one-sided) -- Appendix F: Statistics by gender (means are weighted by the corresponding group sizes) -- Chapter 3: Overweighting versus underweighting of small probabilities -- 3.1 Underweighting and Overweighting of Small Probabilities -- 3.2 When do People Tend to Overweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.3 When do People Underweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.4 'Decisions from Description' versus 'Decisions from Experience' -- 3.5 Explanations of the Description-Experience Gap -- 3.5.1 Sampling bias -- 3.5.2 Switching behavior -- 3.5.3 The recency effect -- 3.5.4 The mere-presentation effect. 3.6 The Probability Weighting Function: How to Communicate Probabilities -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The communication of probabilistic information -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Probability Formats -- 4.2.1 Numerical probability formats -- 4.2.2 Graphical probability formats -- 4.2.3 Verbal probability information -- 4.3 Displaying Probability Information in a Sequential Format: An Empirical Verification -- 4.4 Experiments 1 and 2: Comparing a Sequential Display Format with Other Probability Formats -- 4.4.1 The research goal -- 4.4.2 Method -- 4.4.3 Experiment 1 - results -- 4.4.4 Experiment 2 - results -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The role of emotions in forming judgements about risks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Risk perception -- 5.1.2 Hazards and emotions -- 5.1.3 The study's aim -- 5.2 Method -- 5.2.1 Participants -- 5.2.2 Materials and procedure -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 The structure of emotional reactions and risk judgements -- 5.3.2 Mediation analyses -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Compensation -- Appendix C: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between different emotions -- Appendix D: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between negative affect and specific emotion factors -- Appendix E: Summary of mediation analyses results -- Chapter 6: What determines willingness to take preventive actions in areas experiencing severe flooding? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 How did inhabitants of the areas exposed to flood hazards perceive the threat? -- 6.3.2 Determinants of willingness to take preventive actions against flood hazard -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Cognitive and emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Cognitive factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.2 Emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.3 The role of personal experience in the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.4 Overview of the present study and hypotheses -- 7.2 Experiment 1 -- 7.2.1 Method -- 7.2.2 Results -- 7.2.3 Discussion -- 7.3 Experiment 2 -- 7.3.1 Method -- 7.3.2 Results -- 7.3.3 Discussion -- 7.4 Experiment 3 -- 7.4.1 Method -- 7.4.2 Results -- 7.4.3 Discussion -- 7.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 8: Peer effects in catastrophic risk insurance take-up -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Peer Effects: Mechanisms -- 8.3 Peer Effects: Empirical Studies -- 8.4 Experimental Study: Design and Methodology -- 8.4.1 General set-up -- 8.4.2 Treatments -- 8.4.3 Lab details -- 8.4.4 Predictions -- 8.5 Experimental Study: Results -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The illusion of safety: its existence, forms and remedies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study 1: The Illusion of Safety in the Laboratory -- 9.2.1 Participants -- 9.2.2 Procedure, scenarios and questions -- 9.2.3 Results -- 9.3 Study 2: The Illusion of Safety in the Field -- 9.3.1 The participant sample -- 9.3.2 Method and questionnaire -- 9.3.3 Results -- 9.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 10: Education and information as a basis for flood risk management - practical issues -- 10.1 Why Flood Education? -- 10.2 Actors in the Flood Risk Education and Communication Process -- 10.2.1 Broadcasters -- 10.2.2 Communication intermediaries -- 10.2.3 Receivers -- 10.3 Objectives of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4 Content of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4.1 Main characteristics of flood hazard -- 10.4.2 Knowledge of local causes of floods. 10.4.3 Flood risk reduction measures -- 10.5 Problems of Particular Importance -- 10.5.1 Responsibility for safety -- 10.5.2 Illusion of safety -- 10.5.3 Communication of risk -- 10.6 Facilitating Access to Important Information on Flood Risk -- 10.6.1 Improving the transfer of basic information -- 10.6.2 Providing people with guidebooks, brochures, and manuals addressed to vulnerable constituencies -- 10.6.3 Supporting social action and grassroots initiatives -- 10.7 Instruments Strengthening the Flood-Related Education System -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index. |
title_sub |
perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / |
title_full |
Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / edited by Tadeusz Tyszka and Piotr Zielonka. |
title_fullStr |
Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / edited by Tadeusz Tyszka and Piotr Zielonka. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / edited by Tadeusz Tyszka and Piotr Zielonka. |
title_auth |
Large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / |
title_new |
Large risks with low probabilities : |
title_sort |
large risks with low probabilities : perceptions and willingness to take preventive measures against flooding / |
publisher |
IWA Publishing IWA Publishing, |
publishDate |
2017 |
physical |
1 online resource (230 pages) : illustrations |
contents |
Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Psychological reactions to environmental hazards -- 1.1 Why Study Psychological Reactions to Environmental Hazards? -- 1.2 Environmental Cues, Social Cues, Warnings, and Predecisional Information Search -- 1.3 Perception of Environmental Threats -- 1.3.1 The difference between expert and lay conceptions of risk -- 1.3.2 Risk and emotion -- 1.3.3 Problems with the perception of probabilities -- 1.4 Decision-Making -- 1.4.1 Determinants of protective actions and insurance decisions -- References -- Chapter 2: Are people interested in probabilities of natural disasters? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Method -- 2.2.1 Subjects -- 2.2.2 Decision scenarios -- 2.2.3 Experimental procedure -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Data classification -- 2.3.2 Hypothesis testing -- 2.4 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Virus infection scenario (warm-up task) from Bär and Huber (2008) -- Appendix C: Choice list for the Holt and Laury (2002) task -- Appendix D: Question for general risk taking assessment -- Appendix E: Significance of Mann-Whitney U statistics (all tests are one-sided) -- Appendix F: Statistics by gender (means are weighted by the corresponding group sizes) -- Chapter 3: Overweighting versus underweighting of small probabilities -- 3.1 Underweighting and Overweighting of Small Probabilities -- 3.2 When do People Tend to Overweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.3 When do People Underweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.4 'Decisions from Description' versus 'Decisions from Experience' -- 3.5 Explanations of the Description-Experience Gap -- 3.5.1 Sampling bias -- 3.5.2 Switching behavior -- 3.5.3 The recency effect -- 3.5.4 The mere-presentation effect. 3.6 The Probability Weighting Function: How to Communicate Probabilities -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The communication of probabilistic information -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Probability Formats -- 4.2.1 Numerical probability formats -- 4.2.2 Graphical probability formats -- 4.2.3 Verbal probability information -- 4.3 Displaying Probability Information in a Sequential Format: An Empirical Verification -- 4.4 Experiments 1 and 2: Comparing a Sequential Display Format with Other Probability Formats -- 4.4.1 The research goal -- 4.4.2 Method -- 4.4.3 Experiment 1 - results -- 4.4.4 Experiment 2 - results -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The role of emotions in forming judgements about risks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Risk perception -- 5.1.2 Hazards and emotions -- 5.1.3 The study's aim -- 5.2 Method -- 5.2.1 Participants -- 5.2.2 Materials and procedure -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 The structure of emotional reactions and risk judgements -- 5.3.2 Mediation analyses -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Compensation -- Appendix C: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between different emotions -- Appendix D: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between negative affect and specific emotion factors -- Appendix E: Summary of mediation analyses results -- Chapter 6: What determines willingness to take preventive actions in areas experiencing severe flooding? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 How did inhabitants of the areas exposed to flood hazards perceive the threat? -- 6.3.2 Determinants of willingness to take preventive actions against flood hazard -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Cognitive and emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Cognitive factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.2 Emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.3 The role of personal experience in the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.4 Overview of the present study and hypotheses -- 7.2 Experiment 1 -- 7.2.1 Method -- 7.2.2 Results -- 7.2.3 Discussion -- 7.3 Experiment 2 -- 7.3.1 Method -- 7.3.2 Results -- 7.3.3 Discussion -- 7.4 Experiment 3 -- 7.4.1 Method -- 7.4.2 Results -- 7.4.3 Discussion -- 7.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 8: Peer effects in catastrophic risk insurance take-up -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Peer Effects: Mechanisms -- 8.3 Peer Effects: Empirical Studies -- 8.4 Experimental Study: Design and Methodology -- 8.4.1 General set-up -- 8.4.2 Treatments -- 8.4.3 Lab details -- 8.4.4 Predictions -- 8.5 Experimental Study: Results -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The illusion of safety: its existence, forms and remedies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study 1: The Illusion of Safety in the Laboratory -- 9.2.1 Participants -- 9.2.2 Procedure, scenarios and questions -- 9.2.3 Results -- 9.3 Study 2: The Illusion of Safety in the Field -- 9.3.1 The participant sample -- 9.3.2 Method and questionnaire -- 9.3.3 Results -- 9.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 10: Education and information as a basis for flood risk management - practical issues -- 10.1 Why Flood Education? -- 10.2 Actors in the Flood Risk Education and Communication Process -- 10.2.1 Broadcasters -- 10.2.2 Communication intermediaries -- 10.2.3 Receivers -- 10.3 Objectives of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4 Content of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4.1 Main characteristics of flood hazard -- 10.4.2 Knowledge of local causes of floods. 10.4.3 Flood risk reduction measures -- 10.5 Problems of Particular Importance -- 10.5.1 Responsibility for safety -- 10.5.2 Illusion of safety -- 10.5.3 Communication of risk -- 10.6 Facilitating Access to Important Information on Flood Risk -- 10.6.1 Improving the transfer of basic information -- 10.6.2 Providing people with guidebooks, brochures, and manuals addressed to vulnerable constituencies -- 10.6.3 Supporting social action and grassroots initiatives -- 10.7 Instruments Strengthening the Flood-Related Education System -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index. |
isbn |
1-78040-860-9 1-78040-859-5 |
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HM1101 |
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300 - Social sciences |
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300 - Social sciences, sociology & anthropology |
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302 - Social interaction |
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302.12 |
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3302.12 |
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dewey-search |
302.12 |
oclc_num |
1000395256 |
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The second part of the book is devoted to protection and insurance against risk. Thus, it includes studies answering the following questions: What determines a person's willingness to take preventive actions in areas susceptible to severe flooding? How do people form their own risk estimates? Research presented in the book extends our knowledge of human behavior in situations characterized by large risks and low probabilities, leading to better comprehension of the functioning of cognitive and affective processes in perception and decision making in situations where uncertainty and risk are accompanied by highly negative consequences.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="f">CC BY-NC-ND</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">English</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="536" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Knowledge Unlatched</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Psychological reactions to environmental hazards -- 1.1 Why Study Psychological Reactions to Environmental Hazards? -- 1.2 Environmental Cues, Social Cues, Warnings, and Predecisional Information Search -- 1.3 Perception of Environmental Threats -- 1.3.1 The difference between expert and lay conceptions of risk -- 1.3.2 Risk and emotion -- 1.3.3 Problems with the perception of probabilities -- 1.4 Decision-Making -- 1.4.1 Determinants of protective actions and insurance decisions -- References -- Chapter 2: Are people interested in probabilities of natural disasters? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Method -- 2.2.1 Subjects -- 2.2.2 Decision scenarios -- 2.2.3 Experimental procedure -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Data classification -- 2.3.2 Hypothesis testing -- 2.4 Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Virus infection scenario (warm-up task) from Bär and Huber (2008) -- Appendix C: Choice list for the Holt and Laury (2002) task -- Appendix D: Question for general risk taking assessment -- Appendix E: Significance of Mann-Whitney U statistics (all tests are one-sided) -- Appendix F: Statistics by gender (means are weighted by the corresponding group sizes) -- Chapter 3: Overweighting versus underweighting of small probabilities -- 3.1 Underweighting and Overweighting of Small Probabilities -- 3.2 When do People Tend to Overweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.3 When do People Underweight Small Probabilities? -- 3.4 'Decisions from Description' versus 'Decisions from Experience' -- 3.5 Explanations of the Description-Experience Gap -- 3.5.1 Sampling bias -- 3.5.2 Switching behavior -- 3.5.3 The recency effect -- 3.5.4 The mere-presentation effect.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.6 The Probability Weighting Function: How to Communicate Probabilities -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: The communication of probabilistic information -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Probability Formats -- 4.2.1 Numerical probability formats -- 4.2.2 Graphical probability formats -- 4.2.3 Verbal probability information -- 4.3 Displaying Probability Information in a Sequential Format: An Empirical Verification -- 4.4 Experiments 1 and 2: Comparing a Sequential Display Format with Other Probability Formats -- 4.4.1 The research goal -- 4.4.2 Method -- 4.4.3 Experiment 1 - results -- 4.4.4 Experiment 2 - results -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The role of emotions in forming judgements about risks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Risk perception -- 5.1.2 Hazards and emotions -- 5.1.3 The study's aim -- 5.2 Method -- 5.2.1 Participants -- 5.2.2 Materials and procedure -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 The structure of emotional reactions and risk judgements -- 5.3.2 Mediation analyses -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Experimental scenarios -- Appendix B: Compensation -- Appendix C: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between different emotions -- Appendix D: Pearson correlation coefficients for relationships between negative affect and specific emotion factors -- Appendix E: Summary of mediation analyses results -- Chapter 6: What determines willingness to take preventive actions in areas experiencing severe flooding? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 How did inhabitants of the areas exposed to flood hazards perceive the threat? -- 6.3.2 Determinants of willingness to take preventive actions against flood hazard -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Cognitive and emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1 Introduction.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7.1.1 Cognitive factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.2 Emotional factors influencing the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.3 The role of personal experience in the propensity to insure oneself against disaster -- 7.1.4 Overview of the present study and hypotheses -- 7.2 Experiment 1 -- 7.2.1 Method -- 7.2.2 Results -- 7.2.3 Discussion -- 7.3 Experiment 2 -- 7.3.1 Method -- 7.3.2 Results -- 7.3.3 Discussion -- 7.4 Experiment 3 -- 7.4.1 Method -- 7.4.2 Results -- 7.4.3 Discussion -- 7.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 8: Peer effects in catastrophic risk insurance take-up -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Peer Effects: Mechanisms -- 8.3 Peer Effects: Empirical Studies -- 8.4 Experimental Study: Design and Methodology -- 8.4.1 General set-up -- 8.4.2 Treatments -- 8.4.3 Lab details -- 8.4.4 Predictions -- 8.5 Experimental Study: Results -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: The illusion of safety: its existence, forms and remedies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study 1: The Illusion of Safety in the Laboratory -- 9.2.1 Participants -- 9.2.2 Procedure, scenarios and questions -- 9.2.3 Results -- 9.3 Study 2: The Illusion of Safety in the Field -- 9.3.1 The participant sample -- 9.3.2 Method and questionnaire -- 9.3.3 Results -- 9.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 10: Education and information as a basis for flood risk management - practical issues -- 10.1 Why Flood Education? -- 10.2 Actors in the Flood Risk Education and Communication Process -- 10.2.1 Broadcasters -- 10.2.2 Communication intermediaries -- 10.2.3 Receivers -- 10.3 Objectives of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4 Content of Flood-Related Education -- 10.4.1 Main characteristics of flood hazard -- 10.4.2 Knowledge of local causes of floods.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.4.3 Flood risk reduction measures -- 10.5 Problems of Particular Importance -- 10.5.1 Responsibility for safety -- 10.5.2 Illusion of safety -- 10.5.3 Communication of risk -- 10.6 Facilitating Access to Important Information on Flood Risk -- 10.6.1 Improving the transfer of basic information -- 10.6.2 Providing people with guidebooks, brochures, and manuals addressed to vulnerable constituencies -- 10.6.3 Supporting social action and grassroots initiatives -- 10.7 Instruments Strengthening the Flood-Related Education System -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Disasters</subfield><subfield code="x">Risk assessment.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Disasters</subfield><subfield code="x">Decision making.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Science</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Environmental Science (see Also Chemistry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Environmental)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Applied Sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Technology & Engineering</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mining</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zielonka, Piotr,</subfield><subfield code="e">editor.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Tyszka, Tadeusz,</subfield><subfield code="e">editor.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">1-78040-859-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="906" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BOOK</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="ADM" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">2024-07-03 00:41:35 Europe/Vienna</subfield><subfield code="d">00</subfield><subfield code="f">system</subfield><subfield code="c">marc21</subfield><subfield code="a">2017-11-11 16:18:22 Europe/Vienna</subfield><subfield code="g">false</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="AVE" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="i">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="P">DOAB Directory of Open Access Books</subfield><subfield code="x">https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/43ACC_OEAW/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5338873990004498&Force_direct=true</subfield><subfield code="Z">5338873990004498</subfield><subfield code="b">Available</subfield><subfield code="8">5338873990004498</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |