Refugees, self-reliance, development : : a critical history / / Evan Easton-Calabria.

• VerfasserIn: Easton-Calabria, Evan Elise,
• Place / Publishing House: Bristol, England : : Bristol University Press,, [2022]; ©2022
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (252 pages)
• Notes: Description based upon print version of record.

With five case studies from Greece, Tanzania, Pakistan, Uganda, and Egypt, this book tracks refugee self-reliance as a malleable concept used to pursue ulterior interests. It reshapes understandings of refugee self-reliance and delivers important messages for contemporary policymaking.

Table of Contents

Front Cover -- Refugees, Self- Reliance, Development: A Critical History -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- Table of contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Notes on the Author -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction: Why Refugee Self-Reliance? -- Discussions of refugee self-reliance today -- 'Solving' refugees' lack of self-reliance -- Refugees as economic subjects -- Main arguments and themes -- Why historicize refugee self-reliance? -- Situating the story: academic disciplines and theoretical approaches -- The geography of refugee self-reliance -- Where does the story come from? Sources and methods -- A note on terminology -- Chapter overview -- Chapter 2: Self-sufficiency out of necessity: refugee self-reliance assistance in interwar Greece -- Chapter 3: Socialism and self-reliance: refugee assistance in post-colonial East Africa -- Chapter 4: Warriors of self-reliance: refugee self-reliance in Cold War Pakistan -- Chapter 5: Dignity in informality? Urban refugee self-reliance assistance in Kampala, Uganda -- Chapter 6: Livelihoods 2.0? Refugee self-reliance and the digital gig economy -- Conclusion -- 2 Self-Sufficiency out of Necessity: Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Interwar Greece -- Introduction -- The League of Nations and refugee self-reliance -- Self-reliance assistance in interwar Greece -- Refugee self-reliance assistance practices -- Agricultural settlement -- Urban refugee settlements -- Loans for refugees and the refugee-led revolving fund -- Vocational training and small-scale industries -- Refugee employment and ILO's employment-matching scheme -- The Refugee Loan -- The Great Depression and refugee settlement -- Shifting conceptions of refugees as workers -- 3 Socialism and Self-Reliance: Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Post-Colonial East Africa -- Introduction.

Decolonization and the advent of refugee assistance in Africa -- Zonal development and refugee self-reliance -- The 'development project' and refugee agency -- Refugee self-reliance assistance in post-colonial Tanzania -- Refugee self-reliance assistance practices -- Self-reliance assistance in the Mwese refugee settlement -- The structure of refugee self-reliance assistance -- Refugee self-reliance, politics, exploitation -- Refugee self-reliance in Tanzania -- The longer history of integrated rural development programmes -- Colonialism and refugee self-reliance -- Conclusion -- 4 Warriors of Self-Reliance: Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Cold War Pakistan -- Introduction -- UNHCR's 'Refugee Aid and Development Strategy' -- Refugee self-reliance assistance to Afghan refugees in Pakistan -- 1979-1985: emergency relief and waged employment -- The UNHCR/World Bank project -- 1986-1989: dependency syndrome and psychosocial support -- From wage-based employment to psychosocial protection -- 1989-1995: self-reliance as a protection tool -- Self-reliance and cuts to food rations -- The gendered nature of self-reliance -- The early 1990s: repatriation and the 'Afghanisation' of NGOs -- Self-reliance, dependency - and welfare? -- The 'internationalization' of welfare and economic discourse -- Domestic to international policy shifts -- Notions of dependency and welfare -- Vulnerable populations of refugees -- Conclusion -- 5 Dignity in Informality? Urban Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Kampala, Uganda -- Introduction -- Repatriation, Targeted Development Assistance, and refugee livelihoods -- Refugee self-reliance assistance in Uganda -- Providers of livelihoods assistance in Kampala -- Self-reliance assistance practices in Kampala -- The structure of livelihoods trainings -- The challenges of creating livelihoods -- Access to markets and capital.

Local authorities and livelihoods -- Fostering livelihoods, promoting protection? -- Local and international discourses on self-reliance -- Non-economic benefits of livelihoods trainings -- The disappointing gap between refugee livelihoods' rhetoric and reality -- Refugees as urban market subjects -- Lack of practical steps to support individual refugee self-reliance -- The structural factors of self-reliance -- Self-reliance and quality of life -- The instrumentalization of refugee self-reliance assistance -- Conclusion -- 6 Livelihoods 2.0? Refugee Self-Reliance and the Digital Gig Economy -- Introduction -- 'Enhancing' refugee self-reliance and digital access -- Tomooh: a digital livelihood in Cairo, Egypt -- Tomooh -- The digital livelihoods landscape for refugees -- The geography of digital work initiatives for refugees -- Types of digital work for refugees -- Types of assistance actors promoting digital livelihoods -- Online work platforms and refugee self-reliance -- Informal digital trade -- Challenges and barriers to digital work for refugees -- 'Ideal' refugee self-reliance and the (worrying) future of work -- Linkages to the future of work -- Conclusion -- 7 Conclusion -- Theoretical contributions to the study of refugee self-reliance -- Take-aways for policy and practice: what have we learned? -- Self-reliance, development, and welfare -- From bottom-up to top-down -- The outcomes of refugee self-reliance assistance -- Poverty and self-reliance -- Final word -- A note on connecting historical and contemporary methods and cases -- Annex: A Note on Methods and Sources -- A note on connecting historical and contemporary methods and cases -- References -- Primary literature -- Afghanistan Center Archives, Kabul University (Digital archive) -- Brainerd P. Salmon Private Papers (Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University).

General Boxes, University of Oxford Refugee Studies Centre Grey Literature Collection (Oxford, UK) -- International Labour Organization Archive (UN, Geneva) -- League of Nations Archive (UN, Geneva) -- Neldner Collection (University of Oxford Refugee Studies Centre Grey Literature Collection, Oxford, UK) -- Ruth A. Palmeree Private Papers (Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University) -- T. F. Betts Collection, University of Oxford Refugee Studies Centre Grey Literature Collection (Oxford, UK) -- UNHCR Archives (Geneva and online catalogue) -- UNHCR Policy Documents (contemporary, digitally accessed) -- Miscellaneously acquired archival documents (primary or secondary archival documents accessed online or through the Bodleian Library Collection, University of Oxford) -- Qualitative interviews -- Secondary literature -- Index -- Back Cover.