Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery.

• Author: Naletoski, Ivancho.
• TeilnehmendeR: Luckins, Anthony G.; Viljoen, Gerrit.
• Place / Publishing House: Berlin, Heidelberg : : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (206 pages)

This Open Access volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary se...

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• Contents
• About the Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1: National Veterinary Services Roles and Responsibilities in Preparing for and Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies
• References
• Chapter 2: Short Refresher of Radiobiology
• 2.1 Atoms and Isotopes
• 2.2 Definition of Radiation
• 2.3 Types of Ionizing Radiation
• 2.3.1 ß− Decay
• 2.3.2 ß+ Decay
• 2.3.3 Electron Capture
• 2.4 Physical Half-Life of Radioactive Isotopes
• 2.5 Biological Half-Life of the Radioactive Isotopes
• 2.6 Effective Half-Life of the Radioactive Isotopes in the Body of Animals
• 2.7 Decay Chains and Ingrowth
• 2.8 Units of Radioactivity
• 2.9 Specific Radioactivity
• 2.10 Radiation Dose
• 2.11 Effective Dose Equivalent
• 2.12 Lethal Dose
• 2.13 Interaction of the Ionizing Radiation with the Matter
• 2.14 The Sources of Man-Made Environmental Contamination
• References
• Chapter 3: Measurement of Radioactivity
• 3.1 Measuring Instruments
• 3.1.1 Personnel Dosimeters
• 3.2 Measuring Contamination Levels in Live Farm Animals
• References
• Chapter 4: Preparedness and Response to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems in the Context of IAEA Safety Standards
• 4.1 Relevant IAEA Publications on Emergency Preparedness and Response for Animal Production Systems
• 4.2 Phases of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
• 4.2.1 The Preparedness Stage
• 4.2.1.1 Hazard Assessment
• 4.2.1.2 Development, Justification and Optimisation of a Protection Strategy
• 4.2.1.3 International Trade of Food Following a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
• 4.2.1.4 OILs for Triggering Food, Milk and Drinking Water Restrictions
• 4.2.1.5 Emergency Planning Zones and Emergency Planning Distances
• 4.2.2 Emergency Exposure Situation
• 4.2.2.1 The Urgent Response Phase.
• 4.2.2.2 The Early Response Phase
• 4.2.2.3 The Transition Phase
• 4.2.2.4 Radioactive Waste Management
• 4.2.2.5 Dealing with Non-radiological Consequences
• 4.2.3 The Termination of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
• 4.2.4 Planned or Existing Exposure Situation
• 4.2.4.1 Restrictions on Food, Milk and Drinking Water After the Termination of an Emergency
• References
• Chapter 5: Environmental Pathways of Radionuclides to Animal Products in Different Farming and Harvesting Systems
• 5.1 Major Nuclear or Radiological Emergencies Causing Animal and Animal Product Contamination
• 5.2 Key Environmental Processes Controlling Animal Product Contamination
• 5.2.1 Vegetation Interception
• 5.2.2 Chemical Form of the Released Radionuclides
• 5.2.3 Radionuclide Behaviour in Soils
• 5.2.4 Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Crops
• 5.2.5 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer to Plants and Fodder Crops
• 5.2.6 Intake and Absorption of Radionuclides by Animals
• 5.2.7 Gastrointestinal Absorption
• 5.2.8 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer to Animal Products
• 5.2.9 Quantification of the Time Dependency of Radionuclide Activity Concentrations in Animal Products
• 5.2.10 Biological Half-Life () in Animal Tissues
• 5.2.11 Ecological and Effective Half-Lives
• 5.3 Monitoring Animal Food Products
• 5.4 Radionuclide Transfer to Intensively Farmed Agricultural Animals
• 5.4.1 Soil and Plant Aspects
• 5.4.1.1 Radioiodine
• 5.4.1.2 Radiocaesium
• 5.4.1.3 Radiostrontium
• 5.4.1.4 Other Radionuclides
• 5.4.2 Dairy Production
• 5.4.2.1 Radioiodine
• 5.4.2.2 Radiocaesium
• 5.4.2.3 Radiostrontium
• 5.4.3 Meat and Offal Production
• 5.4.3.1 Transfer of Radionuclides to Meat
• 5.4.3.2 Other Accumulating Tissues
• 5.4.3.3 Target Tissues for Different Radionuclides
• 5.5 Radionuclide Transfer in Non-intensive Animal Production.
• 5.5.1 Dairy Production in Low-Productivity Areas
• 5.5.2 Meat Production in Low-Productivity Areas
• 5.6 Radionuclide Transfer to Game Animals
• 5.6.1 Forest Environments
• 5.7 Impacts on the Health of Livestock Exposed to Nuclear Contamination
• 5.8 Routes of Radionuclide Intake via Aquatic Pathways
• 5.8.1 Radionuclides in Freshwater Fish
• 5.9 The Risk for Public Health (Placement on the Market for Human Consumption)
• 5.9.1 Radioiodine
• 5.9.2 Radiocaesium
• 5.9.3 Other Radionuclides
• References
• Chapter 6: Management Options for Animal Production Systems: Which Ones to Choose in the Event of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency?
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Management Options
• 6.3 Radionuclides of Importance
• 6.4 Seasonality and Radioecological Zoning
• 6.5 Decision-Aiding Handbooks for Food Production Systems
• 6.5.1 Decision-Aiding Framework
• 6.5.2 Selection Tables (Step 2)
• 6.5.3 Applicability of Management Options for Different Radionuclides (Step 3)
• 6.5.4 Key Constraints Affecting Management Options (Step 4)
• 6.5.4.1 Technical Feasibility and Capacity
• 6.5.4.2 Timescales for Implementation
• 6.5.4.3 Waste Generation
• 6.5.4.4 Environmental Impact
• 6.5.4.5 Cost
• 6.5.5 Effectiveness of Management Options (Step 5)
• 6.5.6 Management Options Incurring an Additional Dose to Implementers (Step 6)
• 6.5.7 Consideration of the Datasheets (Step 7)
• 6.5.8 Selecting and Combining Options to Develop the Management Strategy (Step 8)
• References
• Chapter 7: Information Systems in Support of the Decision-Making Tools
• 7.1 The IAEA Unified System for Information Exchange in Incidents and Emergencies (USIE)
• 7.2 Decision Support System for Nuclear Emergencies Affecting Food and Agriculture (DSS4NAFA)
• 7.3 iVetNet
• References.
• Correction to: Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery
• Correction to: I. Naletoski et al. (eds.), Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63021-1
• Annexes
• Annex A: Datasheets on the Management Options
• Annex B: Worked Examples to Illustrate Decision-Aiding Framework.