Social cash transfer in Turkey : : toward market citizenship / / Ceren Ark-Yildirim, Marc E. Smyrl.

• Author: Ark-Yıldırım, Ceren.
• TeilnehmendeR: Smyrl, Marc.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (152 pages)

This open access book asks whether cash-transfer programs for very low-income households promote social and economic citizenship and, if so, under what conditions. To this end, it brings together elements that are too often considered separately: the transformation of social and economic citizenship rights in a market-centered context, and the increasing popularity of cash transfer as an instrument both of social policy and humanitarian action. We link these by juxtaposing theoretical treatment of citizenship and inclusion with concrete policy case studies set in contemporary Turkey. Cases are taken both from domestic social policy and international relief efforts aimed at Syrian refugees. Theoretical discussion and case studies lead to the conclusion that cash transfer programs can promote economic and social inclusion – if deployed at an appropriate scale; if sufficient financial, technical, and social resources are available; and if program design and implementation promotes market inclusion of beneficiaries both as consumers and workers.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Citizens, Markets, and Turkey -- 1 What Does It Mean To Be a Citizen? -- 2 From Local Studies to Global Hypotheses -- 3 A Note on Currency Conversion -- References -- Chapter 2: Origins and Consequences of Market Citizenship -- 1 The Rise of Industrial Citizenship -- 1.1 The Rise and Fall of the First Market Society -- 1.2 The "Industrial" Model of Citizenship and the Twentieth-Century Welfare State -- 2 From Industrial to Market Citizenship -- 2.1 The Revolt against Industrial Citizenship -- 2.2 Toward a New Citizenship Regime -- 3 Policies for Market Integration -- 3.1 From Income Maintenance to Cash Transfer -- 3.2 Market Citizenship and Migration -- 3.3 Critiques of Market Citizenship and their Limits -- References -- Chapter 3: The Turkish Context -- 1 Rich and Poor: From Alms to Social Assistance -- 1.1 The Turkish Economy: From Late Industrialization to State-Led Marketization -- 1.2 Social Welfare and Citizenship in Turkey in the Twentieth Century -- 2 The AKP Government and Reform of Social Policy -- 2.1 Market-Compatible Instruments of Social Policy -- 2.2 Persisting Centrality of the Local Level -- 2.3 Does Cash Transfer Contribute to Market Citizenship? Avoiding False Comparisons -- 3 Turks and Others: The Evolving Incorporation Regime -- 3.1 A Restrictive Regime of Naturalization -- 3.2 The Evolving Status of Internationally Displaced Persons -- References -- Chapter 4: Cash Transfer with Turkish Characteristics: Two Local Examples -- 1 The Case of a Rural District -- 1.1 An Instrument for Individual Empowerment? -- 1.2 Problems of Implementation -- 2 The Case of an Urban District -- 2.1 An Innovative Local Instrument -- 2.2 From Social Penetration to Local Knowledge -- 3 Did Cash Transfer Promote Market Citizenship? -- References.

Chapter 5: Cash Transfer and Humanitarian Assistance -- 1 Humanitarian Action, Cash-Transfer Instruments, and Citizenship -- 1.1 Humanitarianism, Social Protection, and Development -- 1.2 The Rise of CT as a Humanitarian Instrument -- 2 Cash Transfer for Refugees in Turkey -- 2.1 Turkey, the European Union, and the Syrian Migration Crisis -- 2.2 ESSN: A Multiagency Effort -- 2.2.1 The European Union -- 2.2.2 The United Nations' World Food Program -- 2.2.3 The Turkish Red Crescent -- 2.2.4 Turkish Public Authorities -- 2.3 ESSN: Product of Ambiguous Consensus -- References -- Chapter 6: The Consequences of Ambiguity: Designing and Implementing the ESSN -- 1 From Uncoordinated Initiatives to the ESSN -- 1.1 CT Programs in the Initial Responses to the Syrian Emergency -- 1.2 Establishment and Implementation of the ESSN -- 2 Who is Eligible? Problems of Registration and Targeting -- 2.1 Enforcing Security Priorities through Registration -- 2.2 Identifying the "most vulnerable" through Demographic Criteria -- 3 From Ambiguous Consensus to Uncertain Future -- 3.1 CT as an Ongoing Necessity -- 3.2 Beyond the Emergency: Two Contrasting "Exit Strategies" -- 3.2.1 CT as an Incentive for Repatriation -- 3.2.2 CT and the Transition to Formal Employment -- 3.3 From Social Assistance to Market Citizenship -- References -- Chapter 7: Does Cash Transfer Promote Market Citizenship? -- 1 Conditions of Success -- 2 Social Citizenship in Context -- References.