The Cistercian Evolution : : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / / Constance Hoffman Berman.
According to the received history, the Cistercian order was founded in Cîteaux, France, in 1098 by a group of Benedictine monks who wished for a stricter community. They sought a monastic life that called for extreme asceticism, rejection of feudal revenues, and manual labor for monks. Their third l...
Saved in:
Superior document: | Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection |
---|---|
VerfasserIn: | |
Place / Publishing House: | Philadelphia : : University of Pennsylvania Press, , [2010] ©2000 |
Year of Publication: | 2010 |
Language: | English |
Series: | The Middle Ages Series
|
Online Access: | |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (408 p.) |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
9780812200799 |
---|---|
ctrlnum |
(DE-B1597)448929 (OCoLC)802059453 |
collection |
bib_alma |
record_format |
marc |
spelling |
Berman, Constance Hoffman, author. aut http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / Constance Hoffman Berman. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, [2010] ©2000 1 online resource (408 p.) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier text file PDF rda The Middle Ages Series Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Tables and Illustrations -- Preface -- 1. Twelfth-Century Narratives and Cistercian Mythology -- 2. Charters, "Primitive Documents," and Papal Confirmations -- 3. From Cîteaux to the Invention of a Cistercian Order -- 4. Charters, Patrons, and Communities -- 5. Rewriting the History of Cistercians and Twelfth-Century Religious Reform -- Appendix One: Chronological Summary -- Appendix Two: "Primitive Documents" Manuscripts: Relevant Contents -- Appendix Three: Southern-French Cistercian Abbeys by Province and Diocese -- Appendix Four: Calixtus II Documents from 1119 and 1120 -- Appendix Five: Restored 1170 Letter from Alexander III -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index restricted access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec online access with authorization star According to the received history, the Cistercian order was founded in Cîteaux, France, in 1098 by a group of Benedictine monks who wished for a stricter community. They sought a monastic life that called for extreme asceticism, rejection of feudal revenues, and manual labor for monks. Their third leader, Stephen Harding, issued a constitution, the Carta Caritatis, that called for the uniformity of custom in all Cistercian monasteries and the establishment of an annual general chapter meeting at Cîteaux.The Cistercian order grew phenomenally in the mid-twelfth century, reaching beyond France to Portugal in the west, Sweden in the north, and the eastern Mediterranean, ostensibly through a process of apostolic gestation, whereby members of a motherhouse would go forth to establish a new house. The abbey at Clairvaux, founded by Bernard in 1115, was alone responsible for founding 68 of the 338 Cistercian abbeys in existence by 1153. But this well-established view of a centrally organized order whose founders envisioned the shape and form of a religious order at its prime is not borne out in the historical record.Through an investigation of early Cistercian documents, Constance Hoffman Berman proves that no reliable reference to Stephen's Carta Caritatis appears before the mid-twelfth century, and that the document is more likely to date from 1165 than from 1119. The implications of this fact are profound. Instead of being a charter by which more than 300 Cistercian houses were set up by a central authority, the document becomes a means of bringing under centralized administrative control a large number of loosely affiliated and already existing monastic houses of monks as well as nuns who shared Cistercian customs. The likely reason for this administrative structuring was to check the influence of the overdominant house of Clairvaux, which threatened the authority of Cîteaux through Bernard's highly successful creation of new monastic communities.For centuries the growth of the Cistercian order has been presented as a spontaneous spirituality that swept western Europe through the power of the first house at Cîteaux. Berman suggests instead that the creation of the religious order was a collaborative activity, less driven by centralized institutions; its formation was intended to solve practical problems about monastic administration. With the publication of The Cistercian Evolution, for the first time the mechanisms are revealed by which the monks of Cîteaux reshaped fact to build and administer one of the most powerful and influential religious orders of the Middle Ages. Issued also in print. Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. In English. Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 24. Apr 2022) Monasticism and religious orders France, Southern History Middle Ages, 600-1500. Religious Studies. HISTORY / Medieval. bisacsh European History. History. Medieval and Renaissance Studies. Religion. World History. Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection 9783110413458 Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package World History 9783110413472 Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Pennsylvania Backlist eBook-Package 2000-2013 9783110459548 print 9780812221022 https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200799 https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780812200799 Cover https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780812200799/original |
language |
English |
format |
eBook |
author |
Berman, Constance Hoffman, Berman, Constance Hoffman, |
spellingShingle |
Berman, Constance Hoffman, Berman, Constance Hoffman, The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / The Middle Ages Series Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Tables and Illustrations -- Preface -- 1. Twelfth-Century Narratives and Cistercian Mythology -- 2. Charters, "Primitive Documents," and Papal Confirmations -- 3. From Cîteaux to the Invention of a Cistercian Order -- 4. Charters, Patrons, and Communities -- 5. Rewriting the History of Cistercians and Twelfth-Century Religious Reform -- Appendix One: Chronological Summary -- Appendix Two: "Primitive Documents" Manuscripts: Relevant Contents -- Appendix Three: Southern-French Cistercian Abbeys by Province and Diocese -- Appendix Four: Calixtus II Documents from 1119 and 1120 -- Appendix Five: Restored 1170 Letter from Alexander III -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |
author_facet |
Berman, Constance Hoffman, Berman, Constance Hoffman, |
author_variant |
c h b ch chb c h b ch chb |
author_role |
VerfasserIn VerfasserIn |
author_sort |
Berman, Constance Hoffman, |
title |
The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / |
title_sub |
The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / |
title_full |
The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / Constance Hoffman Berman. |
title_fullStr |
The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / Constance Hoffman Berman. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / Constance Hoffman Berman. |
title_auth |
The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / |
title_alt |
Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Tables and Illustrations -- Preface -- 1. Twelfth-Century Narratives and Cistercian Mythology -- 2. Charters, "Primitive Documents," and Papal Confirmations -- 3. From Cîteaux to the Invention of a Cistercian Order -- 4. Charters, Patrons, and Communities -- 5. Rewriting the History of Cistercians and Twelfth-Century Religious Reform -- Appendix One: Chronological Summary -- Appendix Two: "Primitive Documents" Manuscripts: Relevant Contents -- Appendix Three: Southern-French Cistercian Abbeys by Province and Diocese -- Appendix Four: Calixtus II Documents from 1119 and 1120 -- Appendix Five: Restored 1170 Letter from Alexander III -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |
title_new |
The Cistercian Evolution : |
title_sort |
the cistercian evolution : the invention of a religious order in twelfth-century europe / |
series |
The Middle Ages Series |
series2 |
The Middle Ages Series |
publisher |
University of Pennsylvania Press, |
publishDate |
2010 |
physical |
1 online resource (408 p.) Issued also in print. |
contents |
Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Tables and Illustrations -- Preface -- 1. Twelfth-Century Narratives and Cistercian Mythology -- 2. Charters, "Primitive Documents," and Papal Confirmations -- 3. From Cîteaux to the Invention of a Cistercian Order -- 4. Charters, Patrons, and Communities -- 5. Rewriting the History of Cistercians and Twelfth-Century Religious Reform -- Appendix One: Chronological Summary -- Appendix Two: "Primitive Documents" Manuscripts: Relevant Contents -- Appendix Three: Southern-French Cistercian Abbeys by Province and Diocese -- Appendix Four: Calixtus II Documents from 1119 and 1120 -- Appendix Five: Restored 1170 Letter from Alexander III -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index |
isbn |
9780812200799 9783110413458 9783110413472 9783110459548 9780812221022 |
callnumber-first |
B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
callnumber-subject |
BX - Christian Denominations |
callnumber-label |
BX3431 |
callnumber-sort |
BX 43431 B46 42010EB |
geographic_facet |
France, Southern |
era_facet |
Middle Ages, 600-1500. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200799 https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780812200799 https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780812200799/original |
illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
doi_str_mv |
10.9783/9780812200799 |
oclc_num |
802059453 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT bermanconstancehoffman thecistercianevolutiontheinventionofareligiousorderintwelfthcenturyeurope AT bermanconstancehoffman cistercianevolutiontheinventionofareligiousorderintwelfthcenturyeurope |
status_str |
n |
ids_txt_mv |
(DE-B1597)448929 (OCoLC)802059453 |
carrierType_str_mv |
cr |
hierarchy_parent_title |
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package World History Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter University of Pennsylvania Backlist eBook-Package 2000-2013 |
is_hierarchy_title |
The Cistercian Evolution : The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe / |
container_title |
Title is part of eBook package: De Gruyter Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection |
_version_ |
1770176401667784705 |
fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>06593nam a22008295i 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">9780812200799</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-B1597</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220424125308.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="006">m|||||o||d||||||||</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr || ||||||||</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220424t20102000pau fo d z eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1013955059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="019" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)979577643</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780812200799</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.9783/9780812200799</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-B1597)448929</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)802059453</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-B1597</subfield><subfield code="b">eng</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-B1597</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">pau</subfield><subfield code="c">US-PA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">BX3431</subfield><subfield code="b">.B46 2010eb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">HIS037010</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Berman, Constance Hoffman, </subfield><subfield code="e">author.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield><subfield code="4">http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">The Cistercian Evolution :</subfield><subfield code="b">The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe /</subfield><subfield code="c">Constance Hoffman Berman.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Philadelphia : </subfield><subfield code="b">University of Pennsylvania Press, </subfield><subfield code="c">[2010]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">©2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (408 p.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="347" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text file</subfield><subfield code="b">PDF</subfield><subfield code="2">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The Middle Ages Series</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="t">Frontmatter -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Contents -- </subfield><subfield code="t">List of Tables and Illustrations -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Preface -- </subfield><subfield code="t">1. Twelfth-Century Narratives and Cistercian Mythology -- </subfield><subfield code="t">2. Charters, "Primitive Documents," and Papal Confirmations -- </subfield><subfield code="t">3. From Cîteaux to the Invention of a Cistercian Order -- </subfield><subfield code="t">4. Charters, Patrons, and Communities -- </subfield><subfield code="t">5. Rewriting the History of Cistercians and Twelfth-Century Religious Reform -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Appendix One: Chronological Summary -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Appendix Two: "Primitive Documents" Manuscripts: Relevant Contents -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Appendix Three: Southern-French Cistercian Abbeys by Province and Diocese -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Appendix Four: Calixtus II Documents from 1119 and 1120 -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Appendix Five: Restored 1170 Letter from Alexander III -- </subfield><subfield code="t">List of Abbreviations -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Notes -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Bibliography -- </subfield><subfield code="t">Index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="506" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">restricted access</subfield><subfield code="u">http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec</subfield><subfield code="f">online access with authorization</subfield><subfield code="2">star</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">According to the received history, the Cistercian order was founded in Cîteaux, France, in 1098 by a group of Benedictine monks who wished for a stricter community. They sought a monastic life that called for extreme asceticism, rejection of feudal revenues, and manual labor for monks. Their third leader, Stephen Harding, issued a constitution, the Carta Caritatis, that called for the uniformity of custom in all Cistercian monasteries and the establishment of an annual general chapter meeting at Cîteaux.The Cistercian order grew phenomenally in the mid-twelfth century, reaching beyond France to Portugal in the west, Sweden in the north, and the eastern Mediterranean, ostensibly through a process of apostolic gestation, whereby members of a motherhouse would go forth to establish a new house. The abbey at Clairvaux, founded by Bernard in 1115, was alone responsible for founding 68 of the 338 Cistercian abbeys in existence by 1153. But this well-established view of a centrally organized order whose founders envisioned the shape and form of a religious order at its prime is not borne out in the historical record.Through an investigation of early Cistercian documents, Constance Hoffman Berman proves that no reliable reference to Stephen's Carta Caritatis appears before the mid-twelfth century, and that the document is more likely to date from 1165 than from 1119. The implications of this fact are profound. Instead of being a charter by which more than 300 Cistercian houses were set up by a central authority, the document becomes a means of bringing under centralized administrative control a large number of loosely affiliated and already existing monastic houses of monks as well as nuns who shared Cistercian customs. The likely reason for this administrative structuring was to check the influence of the overdominant house of Clairvaux, which threatened the authority of Cîteaux through Bernard's highly successful creation of new monastic communities.For centuries the growth of the Cistercian order has been presented as a spontaneous spirituality that swept western Europe through the power of the first house at Cîteaux. Berman suggests instead that the creation of the religious order was a collaborative activity, less driven by centralized institutions; its formation was intended to solve practical problems about monastic administration. With the publication of The Cistercian Evolution, for the first time the mechanisms are revealed by which the monks of Cîteaux reshaped fact to build and administer one of the most powerful and influential religious orders of the Middle Ages.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="530" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Issued also in print.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="538" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In English.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 24. Apr 2022)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Monasticism and religious orders</subfield><subfield code="z">France, Southern</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">Middle Ages, 600-1500.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Religious Studies.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">HISTORY / Medieval.</subfield><subfield code="2">bisacsh</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">European History.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">History.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Medieval and Renaissance Studies.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Religion.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Religious Studies.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">World History.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Title is part of eBook package:</subfield><subfield code="d">De Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="t">Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection</subfield><subfield code="z">9783110413458</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Title is part of eBook package:</subfield><subfield code="d">De Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="t">Penn Press eBook Package World History</subfield><subfield code="z">9783110413472</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Title is part of eBook package:</subfield><subfield code="d">De Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="t">University of Pennsylvania Backlist eBook-Package 2000-2013</subfield><subfield code="z">9783110459548</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="c">print</subfield><subfield code="z">9780812221022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812200799</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780812200799</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="3">Cover</subfield><subfield code="u">https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/isbn/9780812200799/original</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">978-3-11-041345-8 Penn Press eBook Package Complete Collection</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">978-3-11-041347-2 Penn Press eBook Package World History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">978-3-11-045954-8 University of Pennsylvania Backlist eBook-Package 2000-2013</subfield><subfield code="c">2000</subfield><subfield code="d">2013</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_BACKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_CL_HICS</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_EBACKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_EBKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_ECL_HICS</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_EEBKALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_ESSHALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_PPALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">EBA_SSHALL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV-deGruyter-alles</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA11SSHE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA13ENGE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA17SSHEE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PDA5EBK</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |