Product Development Within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk : : Exemplary for Safe Autonomous Vehicles.

• Author: Winkle, Thomas.
• Place / Publishing House: Wiesbaden : : Springer Vieweg. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH,, 2022.; ©2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (281 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Danksagungen
• Abstract
• Zusammenfassung
• Symbols
• Contents
• Abbreviations
• List of Figures
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Initial situation
• 1.2 Objective and Research Questions
• 2 Findings from Traffic Accident Analysis
• 2.1 Motivation
• 2.2 Categorizing the Levels of Driving Automation
• 2.3 Accident Data to Demonstrate Potential Safety Benefits and Risks
• 2.4 Federal Road Traffic Accident Statistics in Germany
• 2.5 German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS)
• 2.6 Road Traffic Accident Statistics in the USA
• 2.7 International Road Accident Data Collections
• 2.8 Accident Data Collections of Automobile Manufacturers
• 2.9 Accident Data of the German Insurance Association
• 2.10 Accident Data Collections of Consumer Associations (ADAC)
• 2.11 The Fundamentals of Accident Data Analysis
• 2.11.1 Level of Data Collection versus Number of Cases
• 2.11.2 The Validity of Areas of Action Compared to Areas of Efficiency
• 2.11.3 Potential Safety Benefits Depending on Automation Levels and Degree of Efficiency
• 2.12 Significance of Possible Predictions Based on Accident Data
• 2.12.1 A Posteriori Analyses of Accident Data for "Driver Only"/"No Automation"
• 2.12.2 A Priori Predictions for Assisted and Partially Automated Driving
• 2.12.3 Potential Safety Benefits and Test Scenarios for Development of Highly and Fully Automated Driving
• 2.13 Potential Safety Benefits / Risks and Impacts on Testing
• 2.13.1 Human Error versus Technical Failure in Full Automation
• 2.13.2 Potential Safety Benefits - Human and Machine Performance
• 2.13.3 Artificial Intelligence versus Human Perception Limits and Consequence
• 2.13.4 Human Error versus Artificial Intelligence Incertitudes
• 2.13.5 Potential Safety Benefits of Fully Automated Vehicles in Inevitable Incidents.
• 2.14 Conclusion and Outlook
• 3 Analysis of Poor Visibility Real-World Test Scenarios
• 3.1 Motivation
• 3.2 Safe Development, Validation and Testing
• 3.2.1 Return of Feedback from Lifecycle of Automated Vehicles
• 3.2.2 Requirements for Automated Driving to Minimize Risk
• 3.3 Real-World Scenarios for Development and Testing
• 3.3.1 Machine versus Human Perception Limits with Consequences for Testing
• 3.3.2 Relevant Real-World Scenarios for Development and Testing
• 3.3.3 Integration of Relevant Test Scenarios for Safe Automated Vehicles
• 3.3.4 Test Scenarios and Requirements in Relation to Legal and Ethical Aspects
• 3.4 Conclusion and Outlook
• 4 Technical, Legal, and Economic Risks
• 4.1 Introduction Development
• 4.2 Motivation
• 4.3 Questions of Increased Automation's Product Safety
• 4.4 Continued Technical Development of Assistance Systems - New Opportunities and Risks
• 4.5 Expectations Regarding Safety of Complex Vehicle Technology
• 4.5.1 Steadily Rising Consumer Expectations for Vehicle Safety
• 4.5.2 Current Safety Expectations of Potential Users
• 4.5.3 Considerations of Risks and Benefits
• 4.6 Legal Requirements and Effects
• 4.6.1 Generally Accepted Rules of Technology
• 4.6.2 The Product Safety Law (ProdSG)
• 4.6.3 The Product Liability Law (ProdHaftG)
• 4.6.4 Ethics, Court Judgments to Operational Risk and Avoidability
• 4.7 Product Safety Enhancement in Automated Vehicles Based on Expert Knowledge from Liability and Warranty Claims
• 4.7.1 Experience from Product Crises and Traffic Accidents
• 4.7.2 Potential Hazard Situations at the Beginning of Development
• 4.7.3 Methods for Assessing Risks during Development
• 4.7.4 Approval Criteria from Expert Knowledge
• 4.7.5 Steps to Increase Product Safety of Automated Vehicles in the General Development Process.
• 4.7.6 Product Monitoring After Market Launch
• 4.7.7 Steps for Internationally Agreed Best Practices
• 4.8 Conclusion and Outlook:
• 5 Qualitative Interviews with Developers
• 5.1 Response from a Guided Development Process
• 5.2 Engineers: Sensible Creativity under Time Pressure
• 5.3 Psychologist within Development: Priority to Driver's Needs
• 5.4 Executives Focus on Responsibility for Duty of Care
• 5.5 Advantages of Guideline-Based Development
• 5.6 Conclusion: Structured Expert Communication Improves Quality
• 6 Consulting Concept to Develop New Systems
• 6.1 Intrinsic Motivation
• 6.2 Consulting Questions to Fulfill Duty of Care
• 6.3 Conclusion: Structured Guidelines Support a Safe System
• 7 Summary and Discussion
• 7.1 Current agile management changes
• 7.2 Findings
• 7.3 Integration of findings
• Annex A: Change in Jurisdiction on the Responsibility for Pedestrian Accidents
• Annex B: Summarized Questions for Developers
• Annex C: Questionnaire for Qualitative Interviews with Developers
• Suggested online questionnaire on guided development
• Additional Figures
• Glossary
• References: Collaborations out of research groups
• European Commission Project RESPONSE 2
• European Commission Project RESPONSE 3
• German Research Project simTD (Safe intelligent mobility - Test Field Germany)
• Research with Fraunhofer IVI and TU Munich
• References of the author
• List of References.