The Frontal Sinus : : Surgical Approaches and Controversies.

• Author: Georgalas, Christos.
• TeilnehmendeR: Sama, Anshul.
• Place / Publishing House: NEW YORK : : Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated,, 2022.; Ã2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (418 pages)

"This book will be a valuable resource for novice surgeons approaching one of the most challenging anatomical subsites, since it provides a stepwise approach to understanding the anatomical background, the radiological aspects, and the broad spectrum of different surgical approaches to the fron...

Table of Contents

• The Frontal Sinus: Surgical Approaches and Controversies
• MedOne Access Information
• Tittle Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Foreword
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contributors
• Contents
• Videos
• Section I Anatomy of the Frontal Sinus and Frontal
• 1 Developmental Bases of the Anatomy of the Frontal Sinus
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Frontal Sinuses and Ethmoid Lateral Masses have Different Evolutionary and Developmental Origins
• 1.2.1 The Ethmoid Develops from the Olfactory Cartilaginous Capsule
• 1.2.2 The Frontal Sinuses Pneumatize after Erythropoietic Bone Marrow Conversion into Fatty Marrow
• 1.3 The Nitric Oxide "Story" of the Paranasal Sinuses Makes them Playa Role in Blood Oxygenation on Demand
• 1.4 Pneumosinus Dilatans and Arrested Pneumatization Could Bear Witness to Sinus Development
• 1.4.1 Pneumosinus Dilatans
• 1.4.2 Arrested Pneumatization
• 1.5 Conclusion
• 2 Radiological Anatomy
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Lamina Papyracea
• 2.3 Uncinate Process
• 2.4 Floor of Olfactory Recess
• 2.5 Agger Nasi Air Cell
• 2.6 Accessory Air Cells
• 2.7 Anterior Ethmoidal Artery
• 2.8 Bulla Ethmoidalis
• 2.9 Middle Turbinate
• 2.10 Conclusion
• 3 Applied Surgical Anatomy
• 3.1 General Considerations
• 3.2 Applied Anatomy for Endonasal Approaches
• 3.3 Applied Anatomy for External Approaches
• 3.3.1 Coronal Approach
• 3.3.2 Transpalpebral Approach
• 3.4 Blood Supply
• 3.5 Innervation
• 3.6 Anatomical Variations and Surgical Considerations
• 3.7 Conclusions
• Section II Endoscopic Surgical Approaches to Frontal Sinus Disease
• 4 Draf Frontal Sinusotomy I and IIa
• 4.1 Indications
• 4.2 Surgical Steps
• 4.3 Tips and Tricks
• 4.4 Case Examples
• 4.5 Complications Management
• 4.6 Conclusion
• 5 Draf Frontal Sinusotomy IIb
• 5.1 Indications
• 5.2 Anatomy
• 5.3 Surgical Steps.
• 5.3.1 Lateral Approach
• 5.3.2 Median Approach
• 5.4 Tips and Tricks
• 5.5 Complications
• 6 Extended Draf IIb and Other Modifications of the Lothrop Procedure
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Indications
• 6.3 Surgical Steps
• 6.3.1 Overview of Standard Draf IIb
• 6.4 Modifications of the Standard Draf IIb Procedure
• 6.4.1 Modified Hemi-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IIC)
• 6.4.2 Modified Mini-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IID)
• 6.4.3 Modified Subtotal-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IIE)
• 6.4.4 Modified Central-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IIF)
• 6.5 Tips and Tricks
• 6.6 Case Examples
• 6.6.1 Example 1
• 6.6.2 Example 2
• 6.6.3 Example 3
• 6.7 Complications
• 6.7.1 Recurrence and Chronic Scarring
• 6.7.2 Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
• 6.7.3 Orbital Injury
• 6.7.4 Anterior Ethmoid Artery Injury
• 7 The Frontal Sinus Rescue Procedure
• 7.1 Indications
• 7.2 Surgical Steps
• 7.2.1 Step 1
• 7.2.2 Step 2
• 7.2.3 Step 3
• 7.2.4 Step 4
• 7.3 Reverse Frontal Rescue Procedure
• 7.4 Complications
• 7.5 Tips and Tricks
• 7.6 Conclusion
• 8 Draf III (Endoscopic Modified Lothrop)- Inside-Out and Outside-In Approaches
• 8.1 Indications
• 8.1.1 Relative Contraindications
• 8.2 Surgical Steps
• 8.3 Lateral-to-Medial/Inside-Out Technique
• 8.4 Outside-In/Medial-to-Lateral Technique
• 8.5 Tips and Tricks
• 8.6 Case Examples
• 8.6.1 A Case of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis with Fronto-orbital Mucocele
• 8.6.2 A Case of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis with a High Posterior Frontal (Type 3) Cell
• 8.6.3 A Case of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis-Riedel's Procedure Reversal
• 8.7 Postoperative Management
• 8.8 Complications and their Management
• 8.8.1 Skull Base Injury and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
• 8.8.2 Hemorrhage
• 8.8.3 Orbital Injury
• 8.8.4 Skin Injury
• 8.8.5 Stenosis of the Frontal Sinus Neo-ostium
• 9 Transseptal Approach
• 9.1 Background and CT Review.
• 9.2 Indications and Contraindications
• 9.3 Advantages
• 9.4 Disadvantages
• 9.5 Surgical Steps
• 9.6 Tips and Tricks
• 9.6.1 Case Example
• 9.7 Complications
• 10 Endoscopic Endonasal Orbital Transposition for Lateral Frontal Sinus Lesions
• 10.1 Indications
• 10.2 Surgical Steps
• 10.3 Tips and Tricks
• 10.4 Case Example
• 10.5 Complications
• 11 The Role of Frontal Sinus in Anterior Skull Base Surgery and the Transcribriform Approach
• 11.1 Indications
• 11.2 Surgical Steps
• 11.3 Tips and Tricks
• 11.4 Complications
• 12 Extended Endonasal Anterior Skull Base Approaches
• 12.1 Indications
• 12.2 Surgical Steps
• 12.2.1 Principles
• 12.2.2 Operative Setup
• 12.2.3 Surgical Technique
• 12.2.4 Reconstruction
• 12.2.5 Postoperative Considerations
• 12.3 Tips and Tricks
• 12.4 Case Examples
• 12.4.1 Esthesioneuroblastoma (Transcribriform Approach)
• 12.4.2 Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Endoscopic Transtuberculum/Transplanum Approach
• 12.5 Complications and Management
• 12.5.1 Vascular Complications
• 12.5.2 Cranial Nerve Injury
• 12.5.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas
• 12.5.4 Postoperative Infection
• 12.5.5 Other Complications
• 13 Revision Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Indications
• 13.2.1 Ongoing Mucosal Disease
• 13.2.2 Incomplete Dissection
• 13.2.3 Lateralization of the Middle Turbinate
• 13.2.4 Scarring and Synechiae
• 13.2.5 Neo-Osteogenesis
• 13.3 Patient Selection
• 13.4 Preoperative Planning
• 13.4.1 Analyzing the Computed Tomography Imaging
• 13.4.2 Computer-Assisted Navigation during Surgery
• 13.4.3 Endoscopes and Equipment
• 13.5 Choice of Procedure
• 13.6 Surgical Steps
• 13.6.1 The Axillary Flap Technique
• 13.6.2 Frontal Sinus Mini-Trephine
• 13.7 Specific Scenarios.
• 13.7.1 Retained Cells in the Frontal Recess or Extending into the Frontal Sinus (Draf I or International Classification of Extent of Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery Grades 1-3)
• 13.7.2 A Narrow Frontal Ostium and/or Extensive Supra Agger/Bulla Frontal Cells, or Ongoing Significant Burden of Disease (CRSwNP, Aspirin-Sensitive Asthma, Allergic Fungal Disease [Draf III/EFSS 6])
• 13.8 Tips and Tricks
• 13.9 Case Example
• 13.10 Complications: Management
• 13.10.1 Scarring and Restenosis
• 13.10.2 Anterior Ethmoid Artery
• 13.10.3 Orbital Injury
• 13.10.4 Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
• 14 Complications of Frontal Sinus Surgery
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Epidemiology and Etiology
• 14.3 Specific Complications of Endoscopic Approaches to the Frontal Sinus
• 14.3.1 Failure to Accomplish the Specific Aim of the Procedure
• 14.3.2 Pain
• 14.3.3 Bleeding
• 14.3.4 Infection
• 14.3.5 Scar/Stenosis
• 14.3.6 Mucocele Formation
• 14.3.7 Anterior Skull Base Injury/Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
• 14.3.8 Orbital Injury
• 14.4 Prevention of Complications
• 14.4.1 Preoperative Planning
• 14.4.2 Perioperative Technique
• 14.4.3 Postoperative Care
• 15 Delivery of Topical Therapy to the Frontal Sinus
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Basic Science Research on Topical Distribution to the Sinuses
• 15.3 Clinical Research on Topical Distribution to the Sinuses
• 15.3.1 Tips and Tricks
• 15.4 Conclusion
• 16 Postoperative Management: Dressings and Toilet
• 16.1 Natural History of Sinus Ostia after Surgery
• 16.2 Intranasal Packing
• 16.2.1 Nonabsorbable Packs
• 16.2.2 Absorbable Packings
• 16.3 To Pack or Not to Pack
• 16.4 Inert Stents
• 16.5 Drug-Eluting Stents
• 16.6 Postoperative Care
• 16.6.1 Saline Irrigations
• 16.6.2 Endoscopic Debridement
• 16.6.3 Topical Treatments
• 16.7 Conclusion
• 17 Office-Based Frontal Sinus Procedures.
• 17.1 Indications
• 17.1.1 Anatomic Considerations
• 17.1.2 Patient Selection
• 17.1.3 Frontal Sinusitis
• 17.1.4 Frontal Mucoceles
• 17.1.5 Nasal Polyps
• 17.2 Surgical Steps/Anesthesia
• 17.3 Postoperative Management and Procedures
• 17.3.1 Nasal Irrigations and Topical Therapies
• 17.4 Tips and Tricks
• 17.4.1 Case Examples
• 17.5 Controversies
• 17.5.1 Balloon Catheter Dilation
• 17.6 Emerging Technologies
• 17.7 Conclusion
• Section III Open Surgical Approaches to Frontal Sinus Disease
• 18 Mini- and Maxi-Trephines
• 18.1 Indications
• 18.2 Surgical Steps
• 18.3 Tips and Tricks
• 18.4 Case Example
• 18.5 Complications
• 19 Osteoplastic Flap Approach with and without Obliteration
• 19.1 Indications
• 19.2 Surgical Steps
• 19.2.1 Osteoplastic Flap without Obliteration
• 19.2.2 Osteoplastic Flap with Obliteration
• 19.3 Tips and Tricks
• 19.4 Complications: Management
• 19.5 Conclusion
• 20 Riedel's Procedure and Cranialization of the Frontal Sinus
• 20.1 Riedel's Procedure
• 20.1.1 Historic Perspective
• 20.1.2 Indications
• 20.1.3 Technique
• 20.2 Cranialization of the FrontalSinus
• 20.2.1 Historic Perspective
• 20.2.2 Indications
• 20.2.3 Technique
• Section IV Management of Specific Frontal Sinus Conditions
• 21 Frontal Sinus Barosinusitis
• 21.1 Epidemiology and Etiology
• 21.2 Clinical Presentation and Investigations
• 21.3 Management
• 21.4 Case Example (Courtesy of Christos Georgalas)
• 22 Frontal Sinus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
• 22.1 Epidemiology and Etiology
• 22.2 Clinical Presentation and Investigations
• 22.2.1 Radiographic Abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis and the Frontal Sinus
• 22.3 Management
• 22.3.1 Medical Therapy
• 22.3.2 Nasal Saline Irrigations
• 22.3.3 Corticosteroids
• 22.3.4 Topical Antibiotics
• 22.3.5 Oral Antibiotics
• 22.3.6 Dornase Alfa.
• 22.3.7 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator modulators.