The Frontal Sinus : : Surgical Approaches and Controversies.

• Author: Georgalas, Christos.
• TeilnehmendeR: Sama, Anshul.
• Place / Publishing House: NEW YORK : : Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated,, 2022.; Ã2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (418 pages)

"This book will be a valuable resource for novice surgeons approaching one of the most challenging anatomical subsites, since it provides a stepwise approach to understanding the anatomical background, the radiological aspects, and the broad spectrum of different surgical approaches to the frontal sinuses.The authors are to be congratulated for this masterpiece, which will become the gold standard for experts and beginners." --Paolo Castelnuovo Edited by renowned rhinologists and skull base surgeons Christos Georgalas and Anshul Sama, this complete guide to frontal sinus surgery covers surgical anatomy and radiology, frontal-specific pathology, surgical techniques, technical advancements, and controversies. It focuses on those starting surgical practice and it is also of interest to well-established surgeons. This book brings together some of the leading surgeons across the globe to provide varied and complementary perspectives. The content is organized in five sections: surgical anatomy, specific conditions of the frontal sinus, open surgical approaches, endoscopic surgical approaches, and controversies. Key Features More than 600 full-color images and diagrams illustrating surgical concepts and demonstrating detailed techniques Stepwise descriptions of surgical techniques with a "tips and tricks" section in each chapter drawn from the authors' experience Clinical case presentations in each chapter illustrating key concepts and techniques A truly global and balanced perpective with world-leading authors from all continents Controversial topics analyzed from evidence-based medicine (EBM) perspective This is a must-have resource for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents, fellows, and specialists that may also benefit neurosurgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, and other clinicians who deal with this challenging and

complex area.

Table of Contents

The Frontal Sinus: Surgical Approaches and Controversies -- MedOne Access Information -- Tittle Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Contents -- Videos -- Section I Anatomy of the Frontal Sinus and Frontal -- 1 Developmental Bases of the Anatomy of the Frontal Sinus -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Frontal Sinuses and Ethmoid Lateral Masses have Different Evolutionary and Developmental Origins -- 1.2.1 The Ethmoid Develops from the Olfactory Cartilaginous Capsule -- 1.2.2 The Frontal Sinuses Pneumatize after Erythropoietic Bone Marrow Conversion into Fatty Marrow -- 1.3 The Nitric Oxide "Story" of the Paranasal Sinuses Makes them Playa Role in Blood Oxygenation on Demand -- 1.4 Pneumosinus Dilatans and Arrested Pneumatization Could Bear Witness to Sinus Development -- 1.4.1 Pneumosinus Dilatans -- 1.4.2 Arrested Pneumatization -- 1.5 Conclusion -- 2 Radiological Anatomy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Lamina Papyracea -- 2.3 Uncinate Process -- 2.4 Floor of Olfactory Recess -- 2.5 Agger Nasi Air Cell -- 2.6 Accessory Air Cells -- 2.7 Anterior Ethmoidal Artery -- 2.8 Bulla Ethmoidalis -- 2.9 Middle Turbinate -- 2.10 Conclusion -- 3 Applied Surgical Anatomy -- 3.1 General Considerations -- 3.2 Applied Anatomy for Endonasal Approaches -- 3.3 Applied Anatomy for External Approaches -- 3.3.1 Coronal Approach -- 3.3.2 Transpalpebral Approach -- 3.4 Blood Supply -- 3.5 Innervation -- 3.6 Anatomical Variations and Surgical Considerations -- 3.7 Conclusions -- Section II Endoscopic Surgical Approaches to Frontal Sinus Disease -- 4 Draf Frontal Sinusotomy I and IIa -- 4.1 Indications -- 4.2 Surgical Steps -- 4.3 Tips and Tricks -- 4.4 Case Examples -- 4.5 Complications Management -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5 Draf Frontal Sinusotomy IIb -- 5.1 Indications -- 5.2 Anatomy -- 5.3 Surgical Steps.

5.3.1 Lateral Approach -- 5.3.2 Median Approach -- 5.4 Tips and Tricks -- 5.5 Complications -- 6 Extended Draf IIb and Other Modifications of the Lothrop Procedure -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Indications -- 6.3 Surgical Steps -- 6.3.1 Overview of Standard Draf IIb -- 6.4 Modifications of the Standard Draf IIb Procedure -- 6.4.1 Modified Hemi-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IIC) -- 6.4.2 Modified Mini-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IID) -- 6.4.3 Modified Subtotal-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IIE) -- 6.4.4 Modified Central-Lothrop Procedure (Eloy IIF) -- 6.5 Tips and Tricks -- 6.6 Case Examples -- 6.6.1 Example 1 -- 6.6.2 Example 2 -- 6.6.3 Example 3 -- 6.7 Complications -- 6.7.1 Recurrence and Chronic Scarring -- 6.7.2 Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak -- 6.7.3 Orbital Injury -- 6.7.4 Anterior Ethmoid Artery Injury -- 7 The Frontal Sinus Rescue Procedure -- 7.1 Indications -- 7.2 Surgical Steps -- 7.2.1 Step 1 -- 7.2.2 Step 2 -- 7.2.3 Step 3 -- 7.2.4 Step 4 -- 7.3 Reverse Frontal Rescue Procedure -- 7.4 Complications -- 7.5 Tips and Tricks -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 8 Draf III (Endoscopic Modified Lothrop)- Inside-Out and Outside-In Approaches -- 8.1 Indications -- 8.1.1 Relative Contraindications -- 8.2 Surgical Steps -- 8.3 Lateral-to-Medial/Inside-Out Technique -- 8.4 Outside-In/Medial-to-Lateral Technique -- 8.5 Tips and Tricks -- 8.6 Case Examples -- 8.6.1 A Case of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis with Fronto-orbital Mucocele -- 8.6.2 A Case of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis with a High Posterior Frontal (Type 3) Cell -- 8.6.3 A Case of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis-Riedel's Procedure Reversal -- 8.7 Postoperative Management -- 8.8 Complications and their Management -- 8.8.1 Skull Base Injury and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak -- 8.8.2 Hemorrhage -- 8.8.3 Orbital Injury -- 8.8.4 Skin Injury -- 8.8.5 Stenosis of the Frontal Sinus Neo-ostium -- 9 Transseptal Approach -- 9.1 Background and CT Review.

9.2 Indications and Contraindications -- 9.3 Advantages -- 9.4 Disadvantages -- 9.5 Surgical Steps -- 9.6 Tips and Tricks -- 9.6.1 Case Example -- 9.7 Complications -- 10 Endoscopic Endonasal Orbital Transposition for Lateral Frontal Sinus Lesions -- 10.1 Indications -- 10.2 Surgical Steps -- 10.3 Tips and Tricks -- 10.4 Case Example -- 10.5 Complications -- 11 The Role of Frontal Sinus in Anterior Skull Base Surgery and the Transcribriform Approach -- 11.1 Indications -- 11.2 Surgical Steps -- 11.3 Tips and Tricks -- 11.4 Complications -- 12 Extended Endonasal Anterior Skull Base Approaches -- 12.1 Indications -- 12.2 Surgical Steps -- 12.2.1 Principles -- 12.2.2 Operative Setup -- 12.2.3 Surgical Technique -- 12.2.4 Reconstruction -- 12.2.5 Postoperative Considerations -- 12.3 Tips and Tricks -- 12.4 Case Examples -- 12.4.1 Esthesioneuroblastoma (Transcribriform Approach) -- 12.4.2 Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Endoscopic Transtuberculum/Transplanum Approach -- 12.5 Complications and Management -- 12.5.1 Vascular Complications -- 12.5.2 Cranial Nerve Injury -- 12.5.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas -- 12.5.4 Postoperative Infection -- 12.5.5 Other Complications -- 13 Revision Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Indications -- 13.2.1 Ongoing Mucosal Disease -- 13.2.2 Incomplete Dissection -- 13.2.3 Lateralization of the Middle Turbinate -- 13.2.4 Scarring and Synechiae -- 13.2.5 Neo-Osteogenesis -- 13.3 Patient Selection -- 13.4 Preoperative Planning -- 13.4.1 Analyzing the Computed Tomography Imaging -- 13.4.2 Computer-Assisted Navigation during Surgery -- 13.4.3 Endoscopes and Equipment -- 13.5 Choice of Procedure -- 13.6 Surgical Steps -- 13.6.1 The Axillary Flap Technique -- 13.6.2 Frontal Sinus Mini-Trephine -- 13.7 Specific Scenarios.

13.7.1 Retained Cells in the Frontal Recess or Extending into the Frontal Sinus (Draf I or International Classification of Extent of Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery Grades 1-3) -- 13.7.2 A Narrow Frontal Ostium and/or Extensive Supra Agger/Bulla Frontal Cells, or Ongoing Significant Burden of Disease (CRSwNP, Aspirin-Sensitive Asthma, Allergic Fungal Disease [Draf III/EFSS 6]) -- 13.8 Tips and Tricks -- 13.9 Case Example -- 13.10 Complications: Management -- 13.10.1 Scarring and Restenosis -- 13.10.2 Anterior Ethmoid Artery -- 13.10.3 Orbital Injury -- 13.10.4 Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak -- 14 Complications of Frontal Sinus Surgery -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Epidemiology and Etiology -- 14.3 Specific Complications of Endoscopic Approaches to the Frontal Sinus -- 14.3.1 Failure to Accomplish the Specific Aim of the Procedure -- 14.3.2 Pain -- 14.3.3 Bleeding -- 14.3.4 Infection -- 14.3.5 Scar/Stenosis -- 14.3.6 Mucocele Formation -- 14.3.7 Anterior Skull Base Injury/Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak -- 14.3.8 Orbital Injury -- 14.4 Prevention of Complications -- 14.4.1 Preoperative Planning -- 14.4.2 Perioperative Technique -- 14.4.3 Postoperative Care -- 15 Delivery of Topical Therapy to the Frontal Sinus -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Basic Science Research on Topical Distribution to the Sinuses -- 15.3 Clinical Research on Topical Distribution to the Sinuses -- 15.3.1 Tips and Tricks -- 15.4 Conclusion -- 16 Postoperative Management: Dressings and Toilet -- 16.1 Natural History of Sinus Ostia after Surgery -- 16.2 Intranasal Packing -- 16.2.1 Nonabsorbable Packs -- 16.2.2 Absorbable Packings -- 16.3 To Pack or Not to Pack -- 16.4 Inert Stents -- 16.5 Drug-Eluting Stents -- 16.6 Postoperative Care -- 16.6.1 Saline Irrigations -- 16.6.2 Endoscopic Debridement -- 16.6.3 Topical Treatments -- 16.7 Conclusion -- 17 Office-Based Frontal Sinus Procedures.

17.1 Indications -- 17.1.1 Anatomic Considerations -- 17.1.2 Patient Selection -- 17.1.3 Frontal Sinusitis -- 17.1.4 Frontal Mucoceles -- 17.1.5 Nasal Polyps -- 17.2 Surgical Steps/Anesthesia -- 17.3 Postoperative Management and Procedures -- 17.3.1 Nasal Irrigations and Topical Therapies -- 17.4 Tips and Tricks -- 17.4.1 Case Examples -- 17.5 Controversies -- 17.5.1 Balloon Catheter Dilation -- 17.6 Emerging Technologies -- 17.7 Conclusion -- Section III Open Surgical Approaches to Frontal Sinus Disease -- 18 Mini- and Maxi-Trephines -- 18.1 Indications -- 18.2 Surgical Steps -- 18.3 Tips and Tricks -- 18.4 Case Example -- 18.5 Complications -- 19 Osteoplastic Flap Approach with and without Obliteration -- 19.1 Indications -- 19.2 Surgical Steps -- 19.2.1 Osteoplastic Flap without Obliteration -- 19.2.2 Osteoplastic Flap with Obliteration -- 19.3 Tips and Tricks -- 19.4 Complications: Management -- 19.5 Conclusion -- 20 Riedel's Procedure and Cranialization of the Frontal Sinus -- 20.1 Riedel's Procedure -- 20.1.1 Historic Perspective -- 20.1.2 Indications -- 20.1.3 Technique -- 20.2 Cranialization of the FrontalSinus -- 20.2.1 Historic Perspective -- 20.2.2 Indications -- 20.2.3 Technique -- Section IV Management of Specific Frontal Sinus Conditions -- 21 Frontal Sinus Barosinusitis -- 21.1 Epidemiology and Etiology -- 21.2 Clinical Presentation and Investigations -- 21.3 Management -- 21.4 Case Example (Courtesy of Christos Georgalas) -- 22 Frontal Sinus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis -- 22.1 Epidemiology and Etiology -- 22.2 Clinical Presentation and Investigations -- 22.2.1 Radiographic Abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis and the Frontal Sinus -- 22.3 Management -- 22.3.1 Medical Therapy -- 22.3.2 Nasal Saline Irrigations -- 22.3.3 Corticosteroids -- 22.3.4 Topical Antibiotics -- 22.3.5 Oral Antibiotics -- 22.3.6 Dornase Alfa.

22.3.7 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator modulators.