Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region : : A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India.
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Place / Publishing House: | Singapore : : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,, 2020. Ã2020. |
Year of Publication: | 2020 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
Online Access: | |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (243 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Foreword by M. Rajeevan
- Foreword by J. Srinivasan
- Preface
- Executive Summary
- Observed Changes in Global Climate
- Projected Changes in Global Climate
- Climate Change in India: Observed and Projected Changes
- Contents
- About the Editors
- 1 Introduction to Climate Change Over the Indian Region
- 1.1 General Introduction
- 1.1.1 Setting the Regional Context
- 1.1.2 Key Scientific Issues
- 1.1.3 IITM-ESM: A Climate Modelling Initiative from India
- 1.2 Global and Regional Climate Change
- 1.2.1 Observed Changes in Global Climate
- 1.2.2 Projected Changes in Global Climate
- 1.2.3 Contribution from IITM-ESM
- 1.2.4 Synthesis of Regional Climate Change
- 1.3 Scope of the Report
- References
- 2 Temperature Changes in India
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Observed Temperature Changes Over India
- 2.2.1 Mean Temperature
- 2.2.2 Causes of Observed Changes
- 2.2.3 Temperature Extremes
- 2.3 Projected Temperature Changes Over India
- 2.3.1 Mean Temperature
- 2.3.2 Temperature Extremes
- 2.4 Knowledge Gaps
- 2.5 Summary
- References
- 3 Precipitation Changes in India
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Observed Changes in Mean Precipitation and Circulation
- 3.2.1 Precipitation Records in Paleo Time Scale-Inferences from Proxies
- 3.2.2 Recent Changes in Precipitation
- 3.2.3 Understanding the Observed Changes in the Summer Monsoon Precipitation
- 3.2.3.1 Anthropogenic Causes of Observed Precipitation Changes
- 3.2.3.2 Changes in Circulation Features
- 3.2.3.3 Observed Changes in Active/Break Spells
- 3.2.3.4 Changes in Onset Characteristics
- 3.3 Projected Changes in Precipitation Over India
- 3.3.1 Future Changes in the Summer Monsoon
- 3.3.2 Future Changes in Northeast Monsoon
- 3.4 Changes in Daily Precipitation Extremes
- 3.4.1 Observed Changes and Their Attribution.
- 3.4.2 Future Projections of Precipitation Extremes
- 3.5 Uncertainties in Projected Precipitation Changes
- 3.6 Knowledge Gaps
- 3.7 Summary
- References
- 4 Observations and Modeling of GHG Concentrations and Fluxes Over India
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Observational Aspects of GHGs Research in India
- 4.2.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- 4.2.2 Methane (CH4)
- 4.3 Greenhouse Gas Flux Measurements in Natural Ecosystems
- 4.3.1 Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Net Ecosystem Exchange
- 4.3.2 Methane Fluxes
- 4.3.3 Carbon Inventory of the Indian Forests
- 4.3.4 Agricultural Ecosystem
- 4.3.5 Other Observations
- 4.3.6 Nitrous Oxide Fluxes
- 4.4 Model Simulation of GHGs
- 4.4.1 Biogeochemical Model Study
- 4.4.2 Greenhouse gases Emission and Projections
- 4.5 Knowledge Gaps
- 4.6 Summary
- References
- 5 Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Aerosols
- 5.2.1 Emissions of Different Aerosol Species
- 5.2.2 Long-Term Change in Aerosol Optical Depth
- 5.2.3 Climate Model Simulations and Future Projections of Aerosol Properties
- 5.2.4 Aerosol Radiative Forcing
- 5.2.4.1 Radiative Forcing Due to All Aerosols
- 5.2.4.2 Radiative Forcing Due to Different Species of Aerosols
- 5.2.5 Impact of Absorbing Aerosols on Himalayan Snow/Ice Cover
- 5.2.6 Aerosol-Cloud Interaction: Indirect Effect of Aerosols
- 5.2.7 Impact of Convective Transport of Aerosols
- 5.3 Trace Gases
- 5.3.1 Trends in Ozone
- 5.3.1.1 Total Ozone Column
- 5.3.1.2 Tropospheric Ozone
- 5.3.1.3 Ozone Trends in the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere
- 5.3.2 Emissions of Ozone Precursors
- 5.3.3 Trends of Tropospheric NOx, CO, NMVOCs, and PAN
- 5.3.4 Variations in Ozone and NOx Due to Lightning
- 5.3.5 Radiative Forcing due to Ozone and Precursor Gases
- 5.4 Influence of Transport Processes
- 5.4.1 Influence of Stratosphere to Troposphere Transport.
- 5.4.2 Influence of Transport Associated with Quasi-biennial Oscillation
- 5.5 Impact of Volcanic Eruptions
- 5.6 Knowledge Gaps
- 5.7 Summary
- References
- 6 Droughts and Floods
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Observed Variability of Droughts
- 6.2.1 Drought Mechanism
- 6.2.2 Palaeoclimatic Evidences
- 6.3 Observed Variability of Floods
- 6.3.1 Urban/Coastal Floods
- 6.3.2 River Floods
- 6.3.3 Palaeoclimatic Evidences
- 6.4 Future Projections
- 6.4.1 Droughts
- 6.4.2 Floods
- 6.5 Knowledge Gaps
- 6.6 Summary
- References
- 7 Synoptic Scale Systems
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.1.1 Monsoon Low-Pressure Systems
- 7.1.2 Western Disturbances
- 7.2 Observed Variability and Future Projections
- 7.2.1 Monsoon LPS
- 7.2.2 WDs
- 7.3 Knowledge Gaps
- 7.4 Summary
- References
- 8 Extreme Storms
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Synoptic-Scale Extreme Storms
- 8.2.1 Historical Changes
- 8.2.2 Climate Change Implications and Projected Changes
- 8.3 Localized Severe Storms
- 8.3.1 Historical Changes
- 8.3.2 Projected Changes
- 8.4 Knowledge Gaps
- 8.5 Summary
- References
- 9 Sea-Level Rise
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Physical Factors Contributing to Sea-Level Rise
- 9.2.1 Ocean Warming
- 9.2.2 Glaciers Melting
- 9.2.3 Ice Sheets
- 9.2.4 Regional Sea-Level Change
- 9.3 Mean Sea-Level Change
- 9.3.1 Global
- 9.3.2 Regional Changes: Indian Ocean Sea-Level Rise
- 9.4 Future Mean Sea-Level Change
- 9.4.1 Global
- 9.4.2 Regional Sea-Level Projections for the Indian Ocean
- 9.5 Extreme Sea-Level Changes in the Indian Ocean
- 9.6 Knowledge Gaps
- 9.7 Summary
- References
- 10 Indian Ocean Warming
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Observed and Projected Changes in Indian Ocean SST
- 10.2.1 Observed Changes in SST
- 10.2.2 Attribution of SST Trends to Anthropogenic Emissions
- 10.2.3 Future Projections of SST Warming.
- 10.3 Changes in Ocean Heat Content
- 10.3.1 Trends and Variability of Indian Ocean Heat Content
- 10.3.2 Multidecadal Variability of the Indian Ocean Heat Content
- 10.3.3 Future Projections of Indian Ocean Heat Content
- 10.4 Impacts of Indian Ocean Warming
- 10.4.1 Consequences of Indian Ocean Warming on Regional Climate
- 10.4.2 Consequences of Indian Ocean Warming on Ocean Biogeochemistry
- 10.5 Knowledge Gaps
- 10.6 Summary
- References
- 11 Climate Change Over the Himalayas
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Observed Trends in Mean Surface Temperature and Precipitation
- 11.3 Observed Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes
- 11.4 Future Projections Over HKH
- 11.4.1 Projected Changes in Mean Temperature and Precipitation
- 11.4.2 Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes
- 11.5 Implications of Climate Change for Himalayan Snow and Glacier Mass
- 11.6 Knowledge Gaps
- 11.7 Summary
- References
- 12 Possible Climate Change Impacts and Policy-Relevant Messages
- 12.1 Potential Impacts Over India
- 12.2 Policy-Relevant Messages
- 12.2.1 Multiple Benefits of Climate Change Action
- 12.3 Summary
- 13 Correction to: Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region
- Correction to: R. Krishnan et al. (eds.), Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2.