Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute : : A New Methodology.

• Superior document: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science Series
• Author: Stephansen, Cathrine.
• TeilnehmendeR: Bjørgesæter, Anders.; Brude, Odd Willy.; Brönner, Ute.; Rogstad, Tonje Waterloo.; Kjeilen-Eilertsen, Grethe.; Libre, Jean-Marie.; Collin-Hansen, Christian.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (127 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• About This Book
• Contents
• Abbreviations
• 1 Introduction to the Concepts and Use of ERA Acute
• 1.1 Why the Need for a New Methodology?
• 1.2 Methodology, Model and Software
• 1.3 Basic Concepts of ERA Acute
• 1.3.1 Four Compartments
• 1.3.2 ERA Acute Uses Continuous Risk Functions
• 1.3.3 Two Main Steps-Three Levels of Detail
• 1.3.4 Introducing the Resource Damage Factor
• 1.4 Inputs Needed for ERA Acute
• 1.4.1 Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling
• 1.4.2 Valued Ecosystem Components
• 1.4.3 Model Input Parameters
• 1.5 From Spill Scenario to Case and from Damage to Risk
• 1.6 What Can ERA Acute Results Be Used for?
• 1.7 Model Sensitivity and Uncertainty Issues
• References-Introduction
• 2 Environmental Risk Management Applications of ERA Acute
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 ERA Acute Usage Areas
• 2.3 Environmental Risk Screening
• 2.4 Damage and Risk Assessment
• 2.5 Risk Mitigation and Net Environmental Benefit Assessments
• References-ERM Applications
• 3 An ERA Acute Model Overview
• 3.1 Setting up the Case and Input to Exposure Calculations
• 3.2 Impact and Restoration Modelling
• 3.2.1 Step A: Impact Modelling
• 3.2.2 Step B: Impact Duration Modelling
• 3.2.3 The Two Steps Together and the Resource Damage Factor
• 3.3 Surface Compartment Calculations
• 3.3.1 Impact Modelling
• 3.3.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling
• 3.4 Shoreline Compartment
• 3.4.1 Impact Modelling
• 3.4.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling
• 3.5 Water Column Compartment
• 3.5.1 Impact Modelling
• 3.5.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling
• 3.6 Seafloor Compartment Functions
• 3.6.1 Impact Modelling
• 3.6.2 Time Factors and Recovery Modelling
• 3.7 Summarizing Impacts in Cells to Scenarios and DSHAs
• References-Model Outline
• 4 Testing and Validating Against Historic Spills.
• 4.1 Method of Validation Against Historic Spills
• 4.1.1 Analysis Areas
• 4.1.2 Construction of Performance Boundaries
• 4.1.3 Reconstruction of the Oil Spills in the Analysis Areas
• 4.1.4 Reconstruction of Resource Data in the Analysis Areas
• 4.2 Results of the Validation
• 4.2.1 Oil Drift
• 4.2.2 Acute Mortality in the Surface Compartment
• 4.2.3 Impact in the Shoreline Compartment
• 4.3 Discussion of the Validation
• References-Testing and Validation
• 5 Handling Uncertainty and Sensitivity of ERA Acute Towards Input Parameters
• 5.1 Sensitivity Testing and Uncertainty Handling
• 5.2 Methods Used in Sensitivity Testing
• 5.2.1 Deterministic Testing
• 5.2.2 Stochastic Testing
• 5.2.3 Example from Surface Compartment
• 5.3 Uncertainty Scoring of the Parameters
• 5.3.1 Surface Compartment
• 5.3.2 Water Column Compartment
• 5.3.3 Shoreline Compartment
• 5.3.4 Seafloor Compartment
• 5.4 Recommended Uncertainty Handling at This Point in Model Development
• References-Sensitivity Testing
• Supplementary Information 1
• A.1 Surface Compartment Parameter Values
• A.2 References for the Supplementary Information Tables
• A.2.1 Oil Film Thickness
• A.2.2 Individual Vulnerability Factors (pbeh and pphy)
• A.2.3 Generic Fundamental Net Reproductive Rates (R)
• A.2.3.1 Seabirds
• A.2.3.2 True Seals, Sea Lions and Fur Seals, Baleen Whales
• A.2.3.3 Walrus, Aquatic Mammals
• A.2.3.4 Toothed Whales, Sea Cows, Sea Turtles
• Index.