Understanding Communications Systems Principles--A Tutorial Approach.

• Author: Santos, Héctor J. De Los.
• Place / Publishing House: Milton : : River Publishers,, 2021.; {copy}2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (311 pages)

This book introduces the field by addressing its fundamental principles, proceeding from its very beginnings, up to today's emerging technologies related to the fifth-generation wireless systems (5G), Multi-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) connectivity, and Aerospace/Electronic Warfare Radar. The tone is tutorial.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction to Wireless Communications and Sensing Systems -- 1.1 Scientific Beginnings: Electromagnetic Waves -- 1.1.1 Generation and Detection of EM Waves -- 1.1.1.1 Ruhmkorff Coil and Spark Gap -- 1.1.1.2 Hertz's Transmitter -- 1.1.1.3 Hertz's Receiver -- 1.1.1.4 Hertz's Experiment -- 1.1.1.5 Hertz's Analysis of the Interference Pattern -- 1.2 Engineering Beginnings: Communications and RADAR -- 1.2.1 Communications -- 1.2.1.1 Communications Systems -- 1.2.1.1.1 Simplified Transmitter Building Block -- 1.2.1.1.2 Simplified Receiver Building Block -- 1.2.2 RADAR -- 1.2.2.1 RADAR Systems -- 1.2.2.2 Simplified RADAR System Building Block -- 1.3 Fundamentals of Signal Processing -- 1.3.1 Mathematical Description of Carrier Modulation -- 1.3.1.1 Amplitude Modulation -- 1.3.1.2 Frequency Modulation -- 1.3.1.3 Phase Modulation -- 1.3.2 Spectral Properties of Basic Modulation Approaches -- 1.3.2.1 AM Spectrum -- 1.3.2.2 FM Spectrum -- 1.3.2.3 Comparing AM and FM Spectra -- 1.3.2.4 Wideband FM -- 1.3.3 Phase Modulation Spectrum -- 1.4 Fundamentals of Information Theory -- 1.5 Summary -- 1.6 Problems -- 2 Wireless Systems Building Blocks -- 2.1 System Components and Their Performance Parameters -- 2.1.1 Transmission Lines -- 2.1.2 Amplifiers -- 2.1.2.1 Gain Compression and Desensitization -- 2.1.2.2 Cross-Modulation -- 2.1.2.3 Intermodulation -- 2.1.2.4 Memoryless Bandpass Nonlinearities -- 2.1.3 Mixers -- 2.1.4 Filters -- 2.1.5 Oscillators -- 2.1.5.1 Phase Noise of a Local Oscillator -- 2.1.5.2 Amplitude Noise -- 2.1.6 Frequency Multipliers -- 2.2 Antennas -- 2.2.1 Description of Antennas and Their Parameters -- 2.2.2 Antenna Arrays [23] -- 2.2.2.1 Array Factor.

2.2.2.2 Antenna Array Directivity -- 2.2.2.3 Antenna Array Factor -- 2.2.2.4 Prototypical Phased Array Antenna -- 2.3 Free Space Propagation Model -- 2.4 Summary -- 2.5 Problems -- 3 Communication Systems Performance Parameters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Transmitter Performance Parameters -- 3.2.1 Modulation Accuracy -- 3.2.2 Adjacent and Alternate Channel Power -- 3.3 Receiver -- 3.3.1 Sensitivity -- 3.3.2 Noise Figure -- 3.3.3 Selectivity -- 3.3.4 Receiver Image Rejection -- 3.3.5 Receiver Dynamic Range -- 3.3.6 Receiver Spurious-Free Dynamic Range -- 3.4 Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Parameters -- 3.4.1 Definition of Receiver Sensitivity -- 3.4.2 Definition of Minimum Detectable Signal -- 3.4.3 Illustration of Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 3.4.4 Definition of 1-dB Compression Point -- 3.4.5 Definition of Intermodulation Distortion -- 3.4.6 IP3 for Cascade of Networks -- 3.5 Definition of Dynamic Range -- 3.5.1 Noise Figure of Blocks in Cascade -- 3.5.2 Spur-Free Dynamic Range -- 3.6 Circuit Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 3.6.1 Definition of Available Noise Power -- 3.6.2 Network Noise Figure -- 3.6.3 Single-Frequency (Spot) Noise Figure -- 3.6.4 Equivalent Noise Temperature -- 3.6.5 Effective Noise Temperature of a Network -- 3.6.6 Computing the Overall NF of Cascaded Circuits -- 3.6.7 Noise Figure of a Mixer -- 3.7 Summary -- 3.8 Problems -- 4 Circuit Topologies for Signal Modulation and Detection -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 AM Modulation Approaches -- 4.2.1 Generation of Single-Sideband AM Signals -- 4.3 AM Demodulation Approaches -- 4.3.1 Envelope Detector -- 4.4 FM Approaches -- 4.4.1 Direct FM Modulator -- 4.5 FM Demodulation Approaches -- 4.5.1 FM Demodulation by Phase-Locked Loop -- 4.6 The Digital Modulation Technique -- 4.6.1 Amplitude-Shift Keying Modulation -- 4.6.2 Frequency-Shift Keying Modulation -- 4.6.3 Phase-Shift Keying Modulation.

4.7 Modulation Signal Representation by Complex Envelope Form -- 4.7.1 M-ary Modulation-MPSK -- 4.7.2 Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation-BPSK -- 4.7.3 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation-QPSK -- 4.7.3.1 Modulator Circuit for QPSK -- 4.7.3.2 Circuit for QPSK Demodulation -- 4.7.4 Binary Frequency-Shift Keying Modulation Circuit -- 4.7.4.1 Circuit for BFSK Modulation -- 4.7.4.2 BFSK Demodulation via a Coherent Detector -- 4.7.4.3 BFSK Demodulation via a Noncoherent Detector -- 4.7.5 M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Approach -- 4.7.6 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing -- 4.7.7 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation Approach -- 4.7.7.1 Modulation and Demodulation Circuits for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS/SS) -- 4.7.8 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation/Demodulation -- 4.8 Summary -- 4.9 Problems -- 5 Transmitter and Receiver Architectures -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Transmitter -- 5.2.1 Heterodyne Transmitter Architecture -- 5.2.2 The Homodyne Transmitter Architecture -- 5.2.2.1 Drawbacks of Homodyne transmitter architecture -- 5.2.2.1.1 LO disturbance and its corrections -- 5.3 The Heterodyne Receiver Architecture -- 5.4 The Homodyne (Zero IF/Direct-Conversion) Receiver -- 5.5 Receiver Architectures in Light of 5G [37] -- 5.5.1 Super-Heterodyne Receiver -- 5.5.2 Homodyne Receiver -- 5.5.3 The Low-IF Receiver -- 5.5.4 The Software-Defined Receiver -- 5.6 Summary -- 5.7 Problems -- 6 5G -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 5G Systems Technologies -- 6.2.1 5G Systems: mm Waves [44] -- 6.2.1.1 Propagation issues -- 6.2.1.2 Blocking -- 6.2.1.3 Atmospheric and rain absorption -- 6.2.1.4 Large arrays, narrow beams -- 6.2.1.5 Link acquisition -- 6.3 5G: Internet of Things [46, 47] -- 6.3.1 Device-to-Device Communications -- 6.3.2 Simultaneous Transmission/Reception (STR) -- 6.4 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access [45, 49].

6.4.1 NOMA Approaches -- 6.5 5G Evolution -- 6.6 Summary -- 6.7 Problems -- 7 MIMO -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The SISO Channel -- 7.2.1 The SISO Channel Model -- 7.2.2 The SISO Channel Capacity -- 7.3 The MIMO Channel Model -- 7.3.1 MIMO Channel Propagation Models [13, 60, 61] -- 7.3.1.1 The rayleigh distribution model -- 7.3.1.2 The Ricean distribution model -- 7.3.1.3 The Nakagami-m distribution model -- 7.3.2 The Singular Value Decomposition Approach [62, 63] -- 7.3.2.1 The mechanics of the SVD approach -- 7.3.2.2 MIMO interpretation of SVD example -- 7.4 MIMO Transmit Antenna Input Power Optimization -- 7.5 MIMO Receive Antenna Signal Processing -- 7.5.1 MIMO Array Gain -- 7.5.2 MIMO Diversity Gain -- 7.6 Massive MIMO Detection and Transmission -- 7.6.1 Massive MIMO Detection: MRC, ZFBF, and MMSE -- 7.6.2 Massive MIMO Transmission: Precoding -- 7.7 Massive MIMO Systems Architectures -- 7.8 Massive MIMO Limiting Factors -- 7.8.1 Pilot Contamination -- 7.8.2 Radio Propagation -- 7.9 Summary -- 7.10 Problems -- 8 Aerospace/Electronic Warfare RADAR -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Principles of RADARs [92-95] -- 8.2.1 Types of RADAR -- 8.2.2 Radio Detection and Ranging [93] -- 8.2.3 RADAR-Target Geometry/Coordinate System -- 8.2.4 RADAR Pulses -- 8.2.5 Range Ambiguities -- 8.2.6 Range Resolution -- 8.2.7 Range Gates -- 8.2.8 RADAR Sensitivity -- 8.2.9 Doppler Shift -- 8.2.10 Track Versus Search -- 8.2.11 RADAR Cross Section -- 8.3 RADAR Architectures -- 8.3.1 CW Doppler RADAR Architecture -- 8.3.2 FM-CW RADAR Architecture -- 8.3.3 Pulse Doppler RADAR Architecture -- 8.4 ECM Capabilities of an EW RADAR -- 8.4.1 Searching for Signal Sources -- 8.4.2 ECM Techniques: Jamming -- 8.4.2.1 Noise jamming -- 8.4.2.2 Deception jamming -- 8.4.3 ECCM Techniques -- 8.4.3.1 Pulse compression -- 8.4.3.2 Frequency hopping -- 8.4.3.3 Side lobe blanking.

8.4.3.4 Polarization -- 8.4.3.5 Artificial-Intelligence-Based Jammer-Nulling -- 8.5 Summary -- 8.6 Problems -- 9 Tutorials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Tutorial 1: Introduction to SystemVue -- 9.2.1 Preliminaries -- 9.2.2 Getting Started and Schematic Window -- 9.2.2.1 Implementation of Basic Phased Array (Beamforming) Antenna Model -- 9.2.2.2 Running the Workspace file 5G_MIMO_Beamforming_ULA_1 x 4.wsv -- 9.2.2.3 Effect of Number of Elements on ULA Directivity -- 9.2.2.4 Element Antenna Radiation Pattern -- 9.3 Tutorial 2: Codebook Design for 28GHz 5G/MIMO Antenna Array Transmission -- 9.3.1 Preliminaries -- 9.3.2 Determination of Codebook for 12 x 12 MIMO URA -- 9.4 Tutorial 3: Electronic/Warfare RADAR Performance -- 9.4.1 Preliminaries: Transmitter-Receiver Simulation -- 9.4.2 FM-CW RADAR Model and Simulations -- 9.4.3 Exercises -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author.