Advances in Assessment and Modeling of Earthquake Loss.

• Superior document: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering Series
• Author: Akkar, Sinan.
• TeilnehmendeR: Ilki, Alper.; Goksu, Caglar.; Erdik, Mustafa.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (315 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment -- 1 Simplified Analytical/Mechanical Procedure for Post-earthquake Safety Evaluation and Loss Assessment of Buildings -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Seismic Risk Reduction Policies -- 1.2.1 The New Zealand Passive Approach-"Before" -- 1.2.2 The New National Plan for Seismic Risk Reduction in New Zealand -- 1.2.3 The New Italian Guidelines 2017 Seismic Risk Classification and Financial Incentives -- 1.3 The SLaMA Analytical-Mechanical Assessment Procedure -- 1.3.1 Selection of Retrofit Strategies and Techniques -- 1.3.2 Quantifications of Impairment-Loss Estimation -- 1.4 Post-Earthquake Residual Capacity of Damaged Buildings -- 1.4.1 Effects of Damage on Future Building Performance -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Damage Assessment in Japan and Potential Use of New Technologies in Damage Assessment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rapid Inspection Method in Japan -- 2.3 Damage Classification -- 2.4 Loss Estimation for Earthquake Insurance -- 2.5 The Structural Health Monitoring System -- 2.5.1 Outline of the System -- 2.5.2 Capacity Curve from the Measured Acceleration -- 2.6 Target Building -- 2.7 Response During the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Post-earthquake Demolition in Christchurch, New Zealand: A Case-Study Towards Incorporating Environmental Impacts in Demolition Decisions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Factors that Influenced Demolition Decisions in Christchurch -- 3.2.1 Quantitative Factors -- 3.2.2 Qualitative Factors -- 3.2.3 Conceptual Demolish/Repair Framework -- 3.3 Quantification of Environmental Impacts of Demolitions -- 3.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 4 Damage Assessment in Italy, and Experiences After Recent Earthquakes on Reparability and Repair Costs -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 The 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake Experience -- 4.3 The Reconstruction of Residential Building Outside Historical Centers (OHC) -- 4.3.1 Damage and Repair Costs -- 4.3.2 Strengthening Intervention, Structural/Geotechnical Tests and Energy Efficiency Costs -- 4.3.3 Population Assistance: Accommodation Costs -- 4.4 Reconstruction of Residential Buildings Inside Historical Centers (IHC) -- 4.5 Seismic Risk Classification of Constructions in Italy -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 The Modified Post-earthquake Damage Assessment Methodology for TCIP (TCIP-DAM-2020) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Revised Version of TCIP Damage Assessment System -- 5.2.1 Building Damage Categories -- 5.2.2 Damage Categories for RC Members -- 5.2.3 Damage Assessment Algorithm -- 5.3 Case Study: Assessment of a Structure Damaged After 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake -- 5.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II Loss Modelling and Insurance Pricing -- 6 Earthquake Risk Assessment from Insurance Perspective -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Probabilistic Earthquake Risk -- 6.2.1 Fragility Functions -- 6.3 Ground Motion Intensity Measures (IM) -- 6.3.1 Ground Motion Prediction Models -- 6.3.2 Spatial Correlation of Ground Motion -- 6.3.3 Correlation Between IMs at the Same Site -- 6.4 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) -- 6.4.1 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 6.4.2 Ground Motion Distribution Maps -- 6.4.3 Risk-Based Earthquake Hazard: Risk-Targeted Hazard Maps for Earthquake Resistant Design -- 6.5 Assets Exposed to Earthquake Hazard, Building Inventories -- 6.6 Fragility, Consequence and Vulnerability Relationships -- 6.7 Metrics Used in Risk Assessment and CAT Modeling -- 6.8 Earthquake Risk Assessment Models and Example Applications -- 6.8.1 Deterministic Earthquake Risk/Loss Calculation -- 6.8.2 Probabilistic Earthquake Risk Calculation.

6.8.3 Classical PSHA-Based Earthquake Risk Calculation -- 6.8.4 Effect of the Spatial Correlation of Ground Motion on Earthquake Loss Assessments -- 6.9 Uncertainties in Risk Assessments -- 6.10 Conclusions -- References -- 7 European Exposure and Vulnerability Models: State-of-The-Practice, Challenges and Future Directions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Exposure Modelling -- 7.2.1 Summary of European Exposure Model -- 7.2.2 Challenges and Future Directions in Exposure Modelling -- 7.3 Vulnerability Modelling -- 7.3.1 Summary of European Vulnerability Model -- 7.3.2 Challenges and Future Directions in Vulnerability Modelling -- 7.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 8 Risk Oriented Earthquake Hazard Assessment: Influence of Spatial Discretisation and Non-ergodic Ground-Motion Models -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Correlations Among Intensity Measures -- 8.2.1 Point-Wise Correlations -- 8.2.2 Effects of Spatial Discretization -- 8.3 Impact of the Ergodic Assumption upon Correlation Models -- 8.4 Correlations Between Spectral Ordinates at a Point -- 8.4.1 Spatial Correlations Between Spectral Ordinates -- 8.5 Non-ergodic Risk Analyses for Seismic Sequences -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Seismic Fragility Relationships for Structures -- 9.1 Definition and Importance -- 9.2 Types of Fragility Functions -- 9.3 Framework for Analytical Fragility Derivation -- 9.4 Analytical Fragility Derivation -- 9.4.1 Capacity and Demand Uncertainties -- 9.4.2 Dynamic Analysis Methods -- 9.4.3 Solution Methods -- 9.5 Performance Parameters, Intensity Measures and Applications -- 9.6 Aftershock Fragility Analysis of a Steel Frame (CS#1) -- 9.6.1 Description -- 9.6.2 Methodology -- 9.6.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.7 Seismic Fragility of a RC Building with Corrosion (CS#2) -- 9.7.1 Description -- 9.7.2 Methodology -- 9.7.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.8 Conclusions.

9.9 Future Challenges -- References -- 10 Earthquake Physical Risk/Loss Assessment Models and Applications: A Case Study on Content Loss Modeling Conditioned on Building Damage -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Development of Content Fragilities Conditioned on Building Damage -- 10.2.1 Review of Some Benchmark Documents -- 10.2.2 Theoretical Background -- 10.2.3 Case Studies on Developed Content Fragilities -- 10.3 Content Consequence Model -- 10.4 Vulnerability Model and Country-Wide Content AALR -- 10.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 11 Earthquake Catastrophe Risk Modeling, Application to the Insurance Industry: Unknowns and Possible Sources of Bias in Pricing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Should Earthquake Sequences be Removed from Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment Models? -- 11.2.1 Fewer Earthquakes Modeled -- 11.2.2 Damage Accumulation -- 11.2.3 Arbitrariness in Declustering and Its Unintended Consequences -- 11.2.4 Including Earthquake Sequences in Seismic Risk Assessment -- 11.3 Why Identical Buildings at Different Locations have Different Vulnerability? -- 11.3.1 Vulnerability Functions based on the Analytical Method -- 11.3.2 Vulnerability Functions for Single Buildings and for Building Portfolios: The Present -- 11.3.3 Vulnerability Functions for Building Portfolios: The Future -- 11.3.4 Final Remarks -- 11.4 Beyond Ergodic Seismic Hazard Estimates and Impact on Risk -- 11.4.1 Partially Non-ergodic GMPEs -- 11.4.2 Effects of Partially Non-ergodic GMPEs on Risk Estimates -- 11.5 Sources of Bias in Pricing of Earthquake Insurance Policies -- 11.6 Conclusions and Recommandations -- References -- Part III Earthquake Insurance for Resilience -- 12 The Role of Earthquake Insurance in Earthquake Risk Reduction and Resilience Building -- 12.1 Resilience and System Theory -- 12.2 Insurance and Resilience -- 12.3 How Does Cat Insurance Work?.

12.4 Why Does Insurance Matter in Building Resilience? -- 12.5 The New Dynamic in Cat Risk Financing -- 12.6 TCIP as an Early Experiment -- 12.7 More Innovation in the Market -- 12.7.1 Indonesia: Pooling Fund Untuk Bencana-PFB -- 12.7.2 Philippine: The Philippine City Disaster Insurance Pool (PCDIP) -- 12.8 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Fire Following Earthquake-The Potential in Istanbul -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Analysis of Fire Following Earthquake -- 13.2.1 Assets at Risk and Ignitions -- 13.2.2 Communications/Water Supply -- 13.2.3 Fire Spread -- 13.3 FFE Risk for Several Cities -- 13.4 FFE Mitigation -- 13.4.1 Fire Station Vulnerability -- 13.4.2 Firefighting Water Capacity -- 13.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.