Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems : : Extensions of the SPES Methodology.

• Author: Böhm, Wolfgang.
• TeilnehmendeR: Broy, Manfred.; Klein, Cornel.; Pohl, Klaus.; Rumpe, Bernhard.; Schröck, Sebastian.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2020.; {copy}2021.
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (411 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- 1 CrESt Use Cases -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Vehicle Platooning -- 1.3 Adaptable and Flexible Factory -- 1.4 Autonomous Transport Robots -- 2 Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background -- 2.3 Collaborating Embedded Systems -- 2.3.1 Collaborative and Collaborating Systems -- 2.3.2 Goals of System Networks -- 2.3.3 Coordination in System Networks -- 2.3.4 Dynamics in System Networks -- 2.3.5 Functions -- 2.4 Problem Dimensions of Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 2.4.1 Challenges Related to Collaboration -- 2.4.2 Challenges Related to Dynamics -- 2.5 Application in the Domains "Cooperative Vehicle Automation" and "Industry 4.0" -- 2.5.1 Challenges in the Application Domain "Cooperative Vehicle Automation" -- Collaboration -- Dynamics -- 2.5.2 Challenges in the Application Domain "Industry 4.0" -- Collaboration -- Dynamics -- 2.6 Concepts and Methods for the Development of Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 2.6.1 Enhancements Regarding SPES2020 and SPES_XT -- 2.6.2 Collaboration -- Goals -- Functions and Behavior -- Architecture and Structure -- Communication -- 2.6.3 Dynamics -- Goals -- Functions and Behavior -- Architecture and Structure -- Context -- Uncertainty -- 2.7 Conclusion -- 2.8 Literature -- 2.9 Appendix -- 3 Architectures for Flexible Collaborative Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Designing Reference Architectures -- 3.2.1 Method for Designing Reference Architectures -- 3.2.2 Application Example: Reference Architecture for Adaptable and Flexible Factories -- 3.3 Reference Architecture for Operator Assistance Systems -- 3.3.1 Simulation-Based Operator Assistance -- 3.3.2 Design Decisions -- 3.3.3 Technical Reference Architecture -- 3.3.4 Workflow of Services and Data Flow -- 3.3.5 Application Example for an Adaptable and Flexible Factory.

3.4 Checkable Safety Cases for Architecture Design -- 3.4.1 Checkable Safety Case Models - A Definition -- 3.4.2 Checkable Safety Case Patterns -- 3.4.3 An Example of Checkable Safety Case Patterns -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Literature -- 4 Function Modeling for Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodological Approach -- 4.3 Background -- 4.4 Metamodel for Functions of CESs and CSGs -- 4.4.1 Systems, CESs, and CSGs -- 4.4.2 Functions -- 4.4.3 Goal Contribution and Fulfillment -- 4.4.4 Roles -- 4.4.5 Context and Adaptivity -- 4.5 Evaluation of the Metamodel -- 4.5.1 Abstraction -- 4.5.2 Relationships between Functions -- 4.5.3 Openness and Dynamicity -- 4.5.4 Goal Contributions -- 4.5.5 Relationships Between Functions and Systems -- 4.5.6 Input/Output Compatibility -- 4.5.7 Runtime Restructuring -- 4.6 Application of the Metamodel -- 4.6.1 Example from the Adaptable and Flexible Factory -- 4.6.2 Modeling of Goals for Transport Robots -- 4.7 Related Work -- 4.8 Conclusion -- 4.9 Literature -- 5 Architectures for Dynamically Coupled Systems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Specification Modeling of the Behavior of Collaborative System Groups -- 5.3 Modeling CES Functional Architectures -- 5.3.1 Scenario -- 5.3.2 Modelling -- 5.3.3 Analysis -- 5.4 Extraction of Dynamic Architectures -- 5.4.1 Methods -- 5.4.2 Software Product Line Engineering -- 5.4.3 Product-Driven Software Product Line Engineering -- 5.4.4 Family Mining - A Method for Extracting Reference Architectures from Model Variants -- 5.4.5 Summary -- 5.5 Functional Safety Analysis (Online) -- 5.5.1 Functional Testing -- 5.5.2 Communication Errors -- 5.6 Conclusion -- 5.7 Literature -- 6 Modeling and Analyzing Context-Sensitive Changes during Runtime -- 6.1 Introduction and Motivation -- 6.2 Solution Concept -- 6.3 Ontology and Modeling -- 6.3.1 Ontology Building.

6.3.2 Capability Modeling -- 6.3.3 Variability Modeling for Context-Sensitive Reconfiguration -- 6.3.4 Scenario-Based Modeling -- 6.4 Model Integration and Execution -- 6.4.1 Model Generation for Simulation Models -- Model Generation via Knowledge Graph -- Application to a Real Production System -- 6.4.2 Capability Matching -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6.6 Literature -- 7 Handling Uncertainty in Collaborative Embedded Systems Engineering -- 7.1 Uncertainty in Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 7.1.1 Conceptual Ontology for Handling Uncertainty -- 7.1.2 Different Kinds of Uncertainty -- 7.2 Modeling Uncertainty -- 7.2.1 Orthogonal Uncertainty Modeling -- Modeling Concepts and Notation -- Example -- 7.2.2 Modeling Uncertainty in Traffic Scenarios -- Modeling Traffic Scenarios for CSGs -- Behavioral Uncertainty Modeling -- Risk Assessment -- 7.3 Analyzing Uncertainty -- 7.3.1 Identifying Epistemic Uncertainties -- Uncertainty Sources at the Type Level -- Uncertainty Sources at the Instance Level -- EURECA -- 7.3.2 Assessing Data-Driven Uncertainties -- Three Types of Uncertainty Sources -- Managing Uncertainty during Operation -- Uncertainty Wrapper - Architecture and Application -- Uncertainty Wrappers - Limitations and Advantages -- 7.4 Conclusion -- 7.5 Literature -- 8 Dynamic Safety Certification for Collaborative Embedded Systems at Runtime -- 8.1 Introduction and Motivation -- 8.2 Overview of the Proposed Safety Certification Concept -- 8.3 Assuring Runtime Safety Based on Modular Safety Cases -- 8.3.1 Modeling CESs and their Context -- Modeling the Context -- Content Ontology -- Modeling Context in the Adaptable Factory -- 8.3.2 Runtime Uncertainty Handling -- Concept Overview -- Development of a U-Map for the Adaptable Factory -- 8.3.3 Runtime Monitoring of CESs and their Context -- Meta-model SQUADfps -- Case Study Example.

8.3.4 Integrated Model-Based Risk Assessment -- 8.3.5 Dynamic Safety Certification -- 8.4 Design and Runtime Contracts -- 8.4.1 Design-Time Approach for Collaborative Systems -- Creating the CSG Specification -- Safety-Relevant Activities -- 8.4.2 Contracts Concept -- 8.4.3 Runtime Evaluation of Safety Contracts -- Simulative Approach for Validation of Safety Contracts -- Case Study: Vehicle Platoon Example -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 8.6 Literature -- 9 Goal-Based Strategy Exploration -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Goal Modeling for Collaborative System Groups -- 9.3 Goal-Based Strategy Development -- 9.4 Goal Operationalization (KPI Development) -- 9.5 Modeling Methodology for Adaptive Systems with MATLAB/Simulink -- 9.6 Collaboration Framework for Goal-Based Strategies -- 9.6.1 Fleet Management in Collaborative Resource Networks -- 9.6.2 Collaboration Framework -- 9.6.3 Collaboration Design in Decentralized Fleet Management -- 9.7 Conclusion -- 9.8 Literature -- 10 Creating Trust in Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Building Trust during Design Time -- Testing framework for CSGs -- Model -- View -- Controller -- 10.3 Building Trust during Runtime -- 10.4 Monitoring Collaborative Embedded Systems -- Runtime Monitoring -- Runtime Monitoring of Collaborative System Groups -- Distributedness: -- Embeddedness: -- Runtime Monitoring of Interaction Protocols -- Monitoring Functional Correctness -- Agreement: -- Existence: -- Maximum: -- Monitoring Correct Timing Behavior -- U -- Ut -- 10.5 Conclusion -- 10.6 Literature -- 11 Language Engineering for Heterogeneous Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 MontiCore -- 11.3 Language Components -- 11.4 Language Component Composition -- 11.5 Language Product Lines -- 11.6 Conclusion -- 11.7 Literature.

12 Development and Evaluation of Collaborative Embedded Systems using Simulation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Motivation -- 12.1.2 Benefits of Using Simulation -- 12.2 Challenges in Simulating Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 12.2.1 Design Time Challenges -- 12.2.2 Runtime Challenges -- 12.3 Simulation Methods -- 12.4 Application -- 12.5 Conclusion -- 12.6 Literature -- 13 Tool Support for CoSimulation-Based Analysis -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Interaction of Different Simulations -- 13.3 General Tool Architecture -- 13.4 Implementing Interoperability for Co-Simulation -- 13.5 Distributed Co-Simulation -- 13.6 Analysis of Simulation Results -- 13.7 Conclusion -- 13.8 Literature -- 14 Supporting the Creation of Digital Twins for CESs -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2.1 Demonstration -- Automotive Smart Ecosystems -- Smart Grids -- 14.2 Building Trust through Digital Twin Evaluation -- 14.3 Conclusion -- 14.4 Literature -- 15 Online Experiment-Driven Learning and Adaptation -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 A Self-Optimization Approach for CESs -- 15.3 Illustration on CrowdNav -- 15.4 Conclusion -- 15.5 Literature -- 16 Compositional Verification using Model Checking and Theorem Proving -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Approach -- 16.3 Example -- 16.3.1 Specification -- 16.3.2 Verification -- 16.4 Conclusion -- 16.5 Literature -- 17 Artifact-Based Analysis for the Development of Collaborative Embedded Systems -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Foundations -- UML/P -- Class Diagrams in UML/P -- Object Diagrams in UML/P -- OCL -- 17.3 Artifact-Based Analysis -- Artifact Model Creation -- Specification of Artifact Data Analysis -- Artifact-Based Analyses -- 17.4 Artifact Model for Systems Engineering Projects with Doors NG and Enterprise Architect -- 17.4.1 Artifact Modeling of Doors NG and Enterprise Architect.

17.4.2 Static Extractor for Doors NG and Enterprise Architect Exports.