Marginality : : Addressing the Nexus of Poverty, Exclusion and Ecology.

• Author: von Braun, Joachim.
• TeilnehmendeR: Gatzweiler, Franz W.
• Place / Publishing House: Dordrecht : : Springer Netherlands,, 2013.; ©2014.
• Year of Publication: 2013
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (388 pages)

This book focuses on marginality - chronic deprivation of resources, freedom of choice and opportunity - as a root of poverty and deprivation. Offers new insight into local, national and global causes of poverty, and explores promising actions to address it.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword on "Marginality and Development" -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Marginality-An Overview and Implications for Policy -- 1.1 Why Focus on Marginality? -- 1.2 The Concept of Marginality -- 1.2.1 Definition of Marginality -- 1.2.2 Marginality and Poverty -- 1.3 Dimensions and Prevalence of Marginality -- 1.3.1 Disaggregated Global Views -- 1.3.2 Detailed Looks at Marginality: Locations and Socio- cultural Contexts -- 1.4 Environmental Drivers of Marginality -- 1.5 Experiencing Marginality in Africa and Asia -- 1.6 Responses to Marginality at Different Levels: State, Business, and Community -- 1.6.1 Key Roles of Government and Civil Society -- 1.6.2 Potential for Business -- 1.6.3 Attention to Diverse Local Contexts -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 1.7.1 Focus on Marginalized People -- 1.7.2 Changing Marginal and Marginality Creating Environments -- 1.7.3 Need for Multi-dimensional Policies and Programs -- 1.7.4 What to Expect from the Marginality Framework -- References -- Part I: Concepts and Theory -- Chapter 2: Marginality-A Framework for Analyzing Causal Complexities of Poverty -- 2.1 Towards the Development of a Concept -- 2.2 Definition and Delineation of Marginality -- 2.3 Components of the Conceptual Framework -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Exclusion and Initiatives to 'Include': Revisiting Basic Economics to Guide Development Practice -- 3.1 Introduction 1 -- 3.2 Conceptual Issues -- 3.2.1 Exclusion is Not Insurmountable: Rationale for the Undertaking -- 3.2.2 Fragmented Perspective: Reflections on Trends in Knowledge Domain -- 3.2.3 Taking a Step Back-A Note on Core Economic Principles -- 3.2.4 Exchanges, Markets, Contracts, and Goods and Services -- 3.3 Contracts, Goods and Services, and Exclusion -- 3.4 Types of Exclusion: Illustration with Service Demand and Supply.

3.4.1 General Setting -- 3.4.2 Types of Exclusion -- 3.4.3 Ways to Reduce Exclusion -- 3.5 Exclusion and Segmentation -- 3.6 Concluding Observation -- References -- Chapter 4: Marginality from a Socio-ecological Perspective -- 4.1 Marginality in Ecology -- 4.2 Socio-ecological Systems and Marginality -- 4.3 Addressing Marginality in Socio-ecological Systems via Resilience and Adaptability -- 4.4 Outlook -- References -- Part II: Dimensions and Prevalence of Marginality -- Chapter 5: Mapping Marginality Hotspots -- 5.1 Why Do We Map Marginality? -- 5.2 Marginality Hotspots -- 5.2.1 Finding Proxies for Marginality Indicators on a Global Scale -- 5.2.1.1 Economic Dimension -- 5.2.1.2 Demography and Quality of Life Dimension -- 5.2.1.3 Landscape Design and Infrastructure Dimension -- 5.2.1.4 Ecological Dimension -- 5.2.1.5 Public Domain Dimension -- 5.2.2 The Marginality Hotspots -- 5.3 Poverty and Marginality Hotspots-Where Do They Overlap? -- 5.4 Limitations and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 6: The Poorest: Who and Where They Are? -- 6.1 Where Do the Poor Live? -- 6.2 Looking Beneath the US1.25/day Line: Subjacent and Ultra-poverty -- 6.3 Ranking Countries by Concentration of Poor -- 6.4 Who Are the Poor? -- 6.4.1 Spending on Food, Fuel, Housing, and Health Care -- 6.4.1.1 Remoteness -- 6.4.1.2 Education -- 6.4.1.3 Landlessness in Rural Areas -- 6.4.1.4 Excluded Groups -- 6.4.1.5 Women -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Appendix: Subjacent and Ultra-poverty Decomposition Analysis -- References -- Chapter 7: Targeting the Poorest and Most Vulnerable: Examples from Bangladesh -- 7.1 Introduction: Why Targeting? -- 7.2 Geographic Targeting -- 7.3 Mapping of the Poorest and Most Vulnerable -- 7.4 Utilization of Poverty Maps for Prioritizing Areas for Social Safety Nets.

7.5 Geographic Targeting: Prioritizing Assistance Areas for the School Feeding, Community Nutrition, and Disaster Risk Reduction Programs -- 7.5.1 Resource Allocation for National Safety Net Programs Guided by Poverty Estimations -- 7.5.2 Advantages and Limitations of Geographic Targeting -- 7.6 Beneficiary Targeting: Identification of the Poorest and Most Vulnerable in the WFP Safety Net Programs -- 7.6.1 Criteria Used to Target the Poorest and Most Vulnerable -- 7.6.2 Beneficiary Selection Process -- 7.6.3 Limitations and Challenges in Targeting the Poorest and Most Vulnerable -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Correlates of Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Marginality: Conceptual Issues -- 8.3 Data and Empirical Approach -- 8.3.1 Data and Geographic Context -- 8.3.2 Empirical Approach -- 8.4 Descriptive Assessment of Poverty Situation -- 8.4.1 Consumption Expenditures and Dietary Calorie Intake -- 8.4.2 Health and Medical Services -- 8.4.3 Educational Status -- 8.4.4 Probit Estimation Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Examining the Circle of Attachment Trauma, Shame, and Marginalization: The Unheard Voices of Young Kutchi Girls -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Attachment: The Concept and Its Social Application -- 9.3 Insights on Attachment Trauma, Shame, and Poverty: A Discourse Analysis of Interviews with Young Girls in Kutch -- 9.3.1 Methods -- 9.3.2 The Child Attachment Interview: The Tool -- 9.3.3 Sample Characteristics -- 9.4 Analysis of the Attachment Interview Material -- 9.5 Discussion: Explorations into the Aporias and Absences, Re-examining Subjectivities -- 9.5.1 Particular Quality to the Narratives of Absence -- 9.5.1.1 Embalming of Absence and Invisibility -- 9.5.1.2 Daunting Presence of Dismissive Defensive Strategy.

9.5.2 Is Inhibition a Symptom or Different from a Symptom? -- 9.5.3 Domesticity and Docility-(En)gendered Identifications -- 9.6 Intergenerational Import and Transmission of Attachment, Trauma and Poverty -- 9.7 Post Disaster Adversities: A Coda -- References -- Part III: Environmental Drivers of Marginality -- Chapter 10: Poverty, Agriculture and the Environment: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Poverty and Marginal Environments in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 10.2.1 Poverty and Marginality -- 10.2.2 Agriculture Is an Engine of Growth and Poverty Reduction -- 10.3 Agricultural Development Strategies in Marginal Areas -- 10.3.1 Agriculture-Environment Interactions in Marginal Areas -- 10.4 Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a 'Green Revolution 2.0' -- 10.4.1 Substantial Yield Gaps Remain -- 10.4.2 Technology Priorities -- 10.4.3 Policy and Institutional Priorities -- 10.4.4 Technology and Policy Priorities for Sustainable Intensification -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: The Marginal Poor and Their Dependence on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Why Is It Important to Address the Marginal Poor to Achieve Poverty Alleviation? -- 11.2.1 Vulnerability and Insecurity -- 11.3 Links Between Ecosystem Services and Poverty -- 11.4 Global Evidence -- 11.4.1 Evidence from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa -- 11.4.2 Evidence from South Asia -- 11.4.3 Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa -- 11.5 Conclusions and Lessons Learned -- References -- Chapter 12: Land Degradation, Poverty and Marginality -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Conceptual Framework -- 12.2.1 The Dynamic Nature of LD -- 12.3 Global Indicators of LD -- 12.4 The Links Between Poverty and LD -- 12.5 Case Studies -- 12.5.1 Niger -- 12.5.2 India -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References.

Part IV: Experiencing Marginality in Africa and Asia -- Chapter 13: Tackling Social Exclusion and Marginality for Poverty Reduction: Indian Experiences -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Some Insights from Literature on Poverty, Social Exclusion, and Growth -- 13.2.1 Growth, Inequality, and Poverty Linkages -- 13.2.2 Pro-poor Growth -- 13.2.3 Social Exclusion and Persistent Poverty -- 13.3 Poverty Changes in India by Socio-religious Groups 1983-2005 -- 13.3.1 Socio-religious Groups -- 13.3.2 Livelihood Categories and Socio-religious Groups -- 13.3.3 Changes in Income-Monthly Per Capita Expenditures as a Proxy Variable -- 13.3.4 Changes in Poverty, Income, and the Elasticity of Poverty Reduction -- 13.3.5 Livelihood by Socio-religious Groups -- 13.3.5.1 Rural Self-Employed Households -- 13.3.5.2 Rural Wage-Labor Households -- 13.3.5.3 Socio-religious Groups -- 13.4 Urban Poverty -- 13.4.1 Changes in Poverty by Social Groups -- 13.5 Implications for Socially Inclusive Policy -- 13.5.1 Improving Pro-poor Performance of Agricultural and Non-agricultural Growth -- 13.5.1.1 Agricultural Livelihoods -- 13.5.1.2 Rural Non-agricultural Livelihoods -- 13.5.2 Group-Specific Policy Measures -- 13.5.3 Urban Development -- References -- Chapter 14: Consumption Behavior of the Poorest and Policy Implications in Indonesia -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Characteristics of the Poorest -- 14.2.1 To Eat: Spending on Food -- 14.2.2 Where Do the Poorest Live? -- 14.2.3 Education -- 14.2.4 Social Networks: Participation in Community Activities -- 14.3 The Responsiveness of the Poorest Households to Income and Price Changes -- 14.4 The Poorest and the Food Subsidy Program -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Addressing Extreme Poverty and Marginality: Experiences in Rural China -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 From Poverty Reduction Programs to Social Protection System.

15.3 Coordination Among Di Bao, Public Services, and Social Insurance Policies: Institutional Innovations in Developed Areas.