Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants.

• Author: Sawada, Hitoshi.
• TeilnehmendeR: Inoue, Naokazu.; Iwano, Megumi.
• Place / Publishing House: Tokyo : : Springer Japan,, 2014.; ©2014.
• Year of Publication: 2014
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (463 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- International Symposium on the Mechanisms of Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants [Joint Meeting of the 2nd Allo-authentication Meeting and 5th Egg-Coat Meeting (MCBEEC)], November 12-16, 2012, Nagoya Garden Palace, Nagoya, Japan -- First Row (From Left to Right) -- Second Row -- Third Row -- Fourth Row -- Fifth Row -- Sixth Row -- Contents -- Part I: Sperm Attraction, Activation, and Acrosome Reaction -- Chapter 1: Sperm Chemotaxis: The First Authentication Events Between Conspecific Gametes Before Fertilization -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Chemical Nature of Sperm Chemoattractants -- 1.3 Ca 2+ Changes Mediate Sperm Chemotaxis -- 1.4 Specificity of Sperm Chemotaxis in Species Other Than Ascidians -- 1.5 Species Specificity of Sperm Chemotaxis in Ascidians -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Respiratory CO 2 Mediates Sperm Chemotaxis in Squids -- 2.1 Results -- 2.1.1 Sperm from Sneaker Males Swarm in Response to Respiratory CO 2 Emission -- 2.1.2 Flagellar Membrane-Localized Carbonic Anhydrase Serves as a Primary CO 2 Sensor -- 2.1.3 An Extracellular Proton Gradient Establishes and Maintains Swarming -- 2.1.4 A Return from Intracellular Acidosis Evokes Calcium- Dependent Motor Responses for Turn/Tumbling -- 2.2 Discussion -- 2.3 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Specific Mechanism of Sperm Storage in Avian Oviducts -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sperm Release from the SST Is a Regulated Event in Birds -- 3.3 Sperm Maintenance in the SST -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Allurin: Exploring the Activity of a Frog Sperm Chemoattractant in Mammals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Characterization of Allurin as a Frog Sperm Chemoattractant -- 4.3 Allurin Is a Chemoattractant for Mammalian Sperm -- 4.4 The Future of Crisp Protein Relationships in Reproduction -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 5: Structure, Function, and Phylogenetic Consideration of Calaxin -- 5.1 Ca 2+ and Flagellar Motility -- 5.2 Finding Calaxin -- 5.3 Mechanism of Calaxin-Mediated Modulation of Flagellar Movements During Sperm Chemotaxis -- 5.4 A Phylogenetic Consideration of Calaxin -- 5.5 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6: Cl − Channels and Transporters in Sperm Physiology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Maturation During Epididymal Transit -- 6.3 Motility -- 6.4 Capacitation -- 6.4.1 Membrane Potential Changes During Sperm Capacitation -- 6.5 The Acrosome Reaction -- 6.6 Cl − Channels and Transporters Linked to Sperm Physiology -- 6.6.1 CFTR Channels -- 6.6.2 GABA and Glycine Receptors -- 6.6.3 Ca 2+ -Activated Cl − Channels (CaCCs) -- 6.6.4 Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels (VDACs) -- 6.6.5 Secondary Active Cl − Transporters -- 6.6.6 Cl − /HCO 3 − Exchangers -- 6.7 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Equatorin-Related Subcellular and Molecular Events During Sperm Priming for Fertilization in Mice -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Equatorin and Its Chemical Nature -- 7.3 Expression and Molecular Size of Equatorin in the Testis -- 7.4 Localization of Equatorin in Mature Spermatozoa -- 7.5 Behavior of Equatorin During the Acrosome Reaction -- 7.5.1 Before and the Very Initial Stage of the Acrosome Reaction -- 7.5.2 Early to Middle Stages of the Acrosome Reaction -- 7.5.3 Advanced Stage and After the Acrosome Reaction -- 7.6 Possible Roles of Equatorin -- 7.7 Perspective -- References -- Chapter 8: Acrosome Reaction-Mediated Motility Initiation That Is Critical for the Internal Fertilization of Urodele Amphibians -- 8.1 Diversity of Reproductive Modes in Amphibians -- 8.2 The Jelly Layer of Amphibian Eggs -- 8.3 Acrosome Reaction-Mediated Motility Initiation -- 8.4 SMIS Activity in the Amphibian Jelly Layer -- 8.5 Perspective -- References.

Chapter 9: Analysis of the Mechanism That Brings Protein Disulfide Isomerase-P5 to Inhibit Oxidative Refolding of Lysozyme -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.2.1 Expression and Purification of PDI-P5 Variants -- 9.2.2 Insulin Turbidity and Lysozyme Refolding Assays -- 9.2.3 Western Blotting -- 9.3 Results -- 9.3.1 Reductive Activity of a′ Domain -- 9.3.2 Chaperone Activities of the P5 Mutants -- 9.3.3 Detection of Lysozyme Aggregates by Western Blotting -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Collaborative Isomerization by Two Active Domains -- 9.4.2 Importance of Thioredoxin Domain Order -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Gametogenesis, Gamete Recognition, Activation, and Evolution -- Chapter 10: Effect of Relaxin-Like Gonad-Stimulating Substance on Gamete Shedding and 1-Methyladenine Production in Starfish Ovaries -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Effect of GSS on Spawning in Ovarian Fragments -- 10.3 Effect of GSS on 1-MeAde Production -- 10.4 Effect of Egg Jelly on GSS-Induced 1-MeAde Production -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Incapacity of 1-Methyladenine Production to Relaxin-Like Gonad-Stimulating Substance in Ca 2+ -Free Seawater-Treated Starfish Ovarian Follicle Cells -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Irreversible Incapacity of 1-MeAde Production in CaFSW-Treated Follicle Cells -- 11.3 Signal Transduction for GSS in CaFSW-Treated Follicle Cells -- 11.4 Cell Extracts from Follicle Cells Treated with CaFSW -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Novel Isoform of Vitellogenin Expressed in Eggs Is a Binding Partner of the Sperm Proteases, HrProacrosin and HrSpermosin, in the Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi -- 12.1 Vitellogenin Is a Binding Partner of Sperm Proteases -- 12.2 Novel Isoforms of Vitellogenin are Expressed in the Gonad -- 12.3 Localization of Vitellogenin in Immature Oocytes.

12.4 Localization of Vitellogenin in Mature Eggs -- 12.5 Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 13: Actin Cytoskeleton and Fertilization in Starfish Eggs -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Cytoplasmic Changes During Meiotic Maturation of Oocytes -- 13.2.1 Morphological Transition -- 13.2.2 Signaling Pathways to Meiotic Maturation -- 13.2.3 Intracellular Ca 2+ Increase During Meiotic Maturation -- 13.2.4 Sensitization of the Ca 2+ -Releasing Mechanisms -- 13.2.5 Changes of the Electrical Property of the Plasma Membrane During Meiotic Maturation -- 13.3 Signals of Fertilization and Egg Activation -- 13.3.1 Generation and Propagation of the Intracellular Ca 2+ Wave -- 13.3.2 Morphological Changes of the Egg Cortex During Fertilization -- 13.3.3 Changes of the Electrical Property of the Plasma Membrane at Fertilization during Meiotic Maturation -- 13.4 Block to Polyspermy -- 13.5 Meiotic Stages of Oocytes and Polyspermy -- 13.6 Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton -- 13.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 14: Focused Proteomics on Egg Membrane Microdomains to Elucidate the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis -- 14.1 Src PTK Signaling and Fertilization -- 14.2 Characterization of Src as a Mediator of Gamete Interaction and Egg Activation -- 14.3 Focused Proteomics on Xenopus Egg MDs: Achievements and Problems -- 14.3.1 Rationale to Study MDs for Exploring the Mechanism of Fertilization -- 14.3.2 Xenopus Egg MDs Projects: Achievements and Problems -- 14.3.2.1 Discovery of Egg MDs as an Important Resource for Fertilization Study -- 14.3.2.2 Characterization of UPIII as a Novel Component of Fertilization -- 14.3.2.3 In Vitro Reconstitution of Fertilization Signaling by Isolated MDs -- 14.3.3 Ongoing Approaches to Explore the Physiological Functions of MDs.

14.3.3.1 Evaluation of UPIII and MDs Functions in Immature Oocytes -- 14.3.3.2 Gain- and Loss-of-Function Experiments on xSrc and UPIII -- 14.3.3.3 Unbiased Approaches to Identify and Characterize Novel Components -- 14.3.3.4 Analysis of Signaling Cross-Talk Between MDs and Sperm or Egg Cytoplasm -- 14.3.3.5 Analysis of Signaling Cross-Talk Between MDs and Egg Mitochondria -- 14.4 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 15: Egg Activation in Polyspermy: Its Molecular Mechanisms and Evolution in Vertebrates -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Egg Activation at Physiologically Polyspermic Fertilization -- 15.3 The Signaling Mechanism of [Ca 2+ ] i Increase Induced by the Fertilizing Sperm -- 15.4 Evolution of a Sperm Factor in Vertebrate Fertilization -- 15.5 Perspective -- References -- Chapter 16: ATP Imaging in Xenopus laevis Oocytes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Methodology -- 16.2.1 Purification of ATeam Protein -- 16.2.2 Preparation of the Translucent Xenopus Oocytes -- 16.2.3 Observation Under Microscopy and Image Analysis -- 16.3 Injected ATeam Protein Works in Xenopus Oocytes -- 16.4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 17: Mitochondrial Activation and Nitric Oxide (NO) Release at Fertilization in Echinoderm Eggs -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Gametes -- 17.2.2 Measurements of ΔΨ m, ΔNO, and [Ca 2+ ] i -- 17.2.3 Experimental Procedure on the Microscopes -- 17.3 Results and Discussion -- 17.3.1 Mitochondrial Activation (Inner-Membrane Hyperpolarization) at Fertilization -- 17.3.2 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Activation (ΔΨ m) by CN - or FCCP -- 17.3.3 Timing of ΔΨ m and ΔNO -- 17.3.4 [Ca 2+ ] i Dependency of ΔΨ m -- 17.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Functional Roles of spe Genes in the Male Germline During Reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans.

18.1 Overview of Caenorhabditis elegans Reproduction.