Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas : : Linkages Between Science, Policy and Practice.

• Superior document: Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions Series
• Author: Kabisch, Nadja.
• TeilnehmendeR: Korn, Horst.; Stadler, Jutta.; Bonn, Aletta.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2017.; ©2017.
• Year of Publication: 2017
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (337 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas-Linkages Between Science, Policy and Practice -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Scope of the Book -- 1.3 Structure and Contents of the Book -- 1.3.1 Part I: Setting the Scene-Climate Change and the Concept of Nature-Based Solutions -- 1.3.2 Part II: Evidence for Nature-Based Solutions to Adapt to Climate Change in Urban Areas -- 1.3.3 Part III: Health and Social Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions in Cities -- 1.3.4 Part IV: Policy, Governance and Planning Implications for Nature-Based Solutions -- References -- Part I: Setting the Scene: Climate Change and the Concept of Nature-Based Solutions -- Chapter 2: Impacts of Climate Change on Urban Areas and Nature-Based Solutions for Adaptation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Impact and Consequences of Climate Change for Urban Areas in Europe -- 2.2.1 Effect on Urban Temperatures -- 2.2.2 Effect on Urban Hydrology -- 2.2.3 Indirect Effects on Urban Habitats and Biodiversity -- 2.3 Climate Change Adaptation Possibilities Using Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based Solutions -- 2.3.1 Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) -- 2.3.2 Reducing Urban Temperature Through Green or Blue Infrastructure and NBS -- 2.3.3 Selection and Management of Urban Vegetation Under Changing Climatic Conditions -- 2.3.4 Green Infrastructure, NBS and Urban Hydrology -- 2.4 Planning and Design Aspects of Green Infrastructure and Nature-Based Solutions for Adapting to Climate Change -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Nature-Based Solutions and Climate Change - Four Shades of Green -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Approach -- 3.3 Nature-Based Solutions in Comparison with Other Concepts -- 3.3.1 Nature-Based Solutions -- 3.3.1.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin.

3.3.1.2 Main Features and Elements of NbS -- 3.3.2 Ecosystem-Based Adaptation -- 3.3.2.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin -- 3.3.2.2 Main Features and Elements of EbA -- 3.3.3 Green Infrastructure -- 3.3.3.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin -- 3.3.3.2 Main Features and Elements of GI -- 3.3.4 Ecosystem Services -- 3.3.4.1 Definitions of the Concept and Its Origin -- 3.3.4.2 Main Features and Elements of ESS -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.4.1 Foundations of the Four Concepts -- 3.4.2 Commonalities and Differences -- 3.4.2.1 NbS vs. EbA -- 3.4.2.2 NbS vs. GI -- 3.4.2.3 NbS vs. ESS -- 3.4.3 Applicability in Urban Planning -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Double Insurance in Dealing with Extremes: Ecological and Social Factors for Making Nature-Based Solutions Last -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 External Insurance -- 4.2.1 Ecological Foundations -- 4.2.2 Vulnerability and Exposure -- 4.3 Internal Insurance -- 4.3.1 The Role of Diverse Ecosystems -- 4.3.2 Spatial Dynamics -- 4.3.3 Public Support: Making Sense of NBS -- 4.4 Investing in Insurance: Governance Frameworks -- 4.4.1 Flexibility -- 4.4.2 Participation -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Nature-Based Solutions Accelerating Urban Sustainability Transitions in Cities: Lessons from Dresden, Genk and Stockholm Cities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Understanding the Acceleration Dynamics of Urban Sustainability Transitions -- 5.3 Case Studies -- 5.3.1 The City-Region of Dresden, Germany -- 5.3.1.1 Nature-Based Solutions Initiatives in the City-Region Dresden -- 5.3.1.2 Accelerating Dresden's Transition with Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives -- 5.3.2 Genk Case, Belgium -- 5.3.2.1 Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives in the City Region -- 5.3.2.2 Accelerating Genk's Transition with Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives -- 5.3.3 Stockholm Case, Sweden.

5.3.3.1 Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives in the City Region Stockholm -- 5.3.3.2 Accelerating Stockholm's Transition with Nature-Based Solutions' Initiatives -- 5.4 Implications for Accelerating Urban Sustainability Transitions Through Nature-Based Solutions -- References -- Part II: Evidence for Nature-Based Solutions to Adapt to Climate Change in Urban Areas -- Chapter 6: Integrating the Grey, Green, and Blue in Cities: Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Risk Reduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Challenges of Climate Change in Cities -- 6.1.2 Risk and Vulnerability to People, Ecosystems and Infrastructures in Cities -- 6.1.3 The SETS Framework -- 6.2 Approaches to Reducing Risk and Overall Effects of Urban Climate Change -- 6.2.1 Grey Strategies -- 6.2.2 Green and Blue Infrastructures -- 6.2.3 Hybrid, Green-Grey Approaches -- 6.3 Focusing on Key Urban Climate Challenges -- 6.3.1 New York City and Climate Change -- 6.3.2 Surface and Coastal Flooding in NYC -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.4.1 Embrace Both Green and Grey Approaches -- 6.4.2 Urban SETS and Importance of Bringing Together Engineering and Ecological Approaches -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6.5.1 Critical Opportunities for Working with Hybrid Approaches in Cities for CCA and DRR -- References -- Chapter 7: Urban Wetlands and Riparian Forests as a Nature-Based Solution for Climate Change Adaptation in Cities and Their Surroundings -- 7.1 Introduction: What Is the Value of Wetlands and Riparian Forests in Cities? -- 7.2 Ecosystem Services Relevant for Climate Change Adaptation Provided by Wetlands and Riparian Forests and Trade-Offs -- 7.3 Urban Wetlands as a Nature-Based Solution and Options for Their Design -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Making the Case for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems as a Nature-Based Solution to Urban Flooding.

8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Using Green Alongside Grey as an Alternative Approach to Flood Protection -- 8.3 Making the Investment Case for SUDS -- 8.4 Fostering a Wider Uptake and Implementation of SUDS -- 8.5 Addressing Silos and Informational Gaps -- 8.6 Ways Forward for Increased SUDS Deployment -- References -- Chapter 9: Assessing the Potential of Regulating Ecosystem Services as Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Regulating Ecosystem Services as Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Areas -- 9.2.1 Global Climate Regulation (Carbon Sequestration and Avoided Emissions) -- 9.2.2 Local Climate Regulation (Urban Temperature Regulation) -- 9.2.3 Air Quality Regulation (Air Pollution Removal) -- 9.3 The Case Study of Barcelona -- 9.3.1 Case Study Area -- 9.3.2 Data and Main Results -- 9.4 Synthesis and Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10: Nature-Based Solutions and Buildings - The Power of Surfaces to Help Cities Adapt to Climate Change and to Deliver Biodiversity -- 10.1 Greening the Urban Market: Now We're Growing! -- 10.2 "Green" Versus "Grey" Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation -- 10.2.1 Extreme Weather - Excess Heat Events and Energy -- 10.2.2 Urban Flooding -- 10.2.3 Linkages Between Water and Energy -- 10.3 The Power of Surfaces - Changing the Urban Skin to Green -- 10.3.1 Multiple Benefits of Green Walls and Roofs -- 10.3.2 Green Building Technology as an Attractive Investment -- 10.3.3 Disservices of Green Building Technology -- 10.4 Technology Versus Biodiversity? Or Technology Delivering Biodiversity? -- 10.5 Nature Provides the Power to Re-wire the City -- References -- Project Links -- Part III: Health and Social Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions in Cities -- Chapter 11: Effects of Urban Green Space on Environmental Health, Equity and Resilience -- 11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Pathways Linking Urban Green Space with Health and Well-Being -- 11.2.1 Improved Relaxation and Restoration -- 11.2.2 Improved Functioning of the Immune System -- 11.2.3 Enhanced Physical Activity and Improved Fitness -- 11.2.4 Improved Social Capital and Cohesion -- 11.3 Health Benefits of Green Space and Potential Health Risks -- 11.3.1 Improved Mental Health and Cognitive Function -- 11.3.2 Reduced Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality -- 11.3.3 Reduced Prevalence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes -- 11.3.4 Improved Pregnancy Outcomes -- 11.3.5 Reduced Mortality and Increased Life Span -- 11.3.6 Potential Adverse Health Effects -- 11.4 Benefits in Disadvantaged Groups and Reduction of Health Inequality -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Urban Green Spaces and the Potential for Health Improvement and Environmental Justice in a Changing Climate -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 The Potential of Urban Green Spaces for Ecosystem Service Provision and Health Improvement -- 12.1.2 Unequal Distribution of Exposure to Health Threats in Urban Areas - An Issue of Environmental Justice -- 12.2 Links Between Urban Green Spaces, Health and Environmental Justice -- 12.2.1 Health Effects as Co-benefits of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation from Urban Green Spaces -- 12.2.2 Health, Justice and the Link to Urban Green Spaces -- 12.3 Unequal Distribution of Urban Green Spaces as a Concern for Environmental Justice -- 12.3.1 Threshold Values for Urban Green Space Provision in Berlin -- 12.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The Contribution of Nature-Based Solutions to Socially Inclusive Urban Development- Some Reflections from a Social-environmental Perspective -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Setting the Context: The Concept of NBS and the "Socio-environmental Nexus" in Cities.

13.2.1 The Concept of NBS.