Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in Neuroprotection.
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| Place / Publishing House: | Singapore : : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,, 2018. ©2018. |
| Year of Publication: | 2018 |
| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Language: | English |
| Online Access: | |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource (196 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Preface
- Acknowledgement
- Contents
- Chapter 1: Overview
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Structural and Pharmacological Characterization of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- 1.3 Neuroprotection Mediated by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- 1.4 Intracellular Signal Transduction Triggered by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- 1.5 Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Used for Treatment of Alzheimer' Disease
- 1.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2: In Vivo Imaging of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Central Nervous System
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Nuclear Medical Imaging Modality
- 2.2.1 Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- 2.2.2 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
- 2.3 Imaging Probes for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- 2.3.1 Imaging Probes for the α4β2 Subtype
- 2.3.1.1 Nicotine Derivatives
- 2.3.1.2 A-85380 Derivatives
- A-85380-Derived SPECT Probe
- A-85380-Derived PET Probes
- 2.3.1.3 Epibatidine Derivatives
- 2.3.2 Imaging Probes for the α7 Subtype
- 2.4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Imaging in Human Brain
- 2.4.1 (S)-11C-Nicotine
- 2.4.2 123I-5IA
- 2.4.3 18F-2FA
- 2.4.4 (−)-18F-Flubatine
- 2.4.5 α7-nAChR Imaging Probes
- 2.5 Alteration of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Density
- 2.5.1 Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
- 2.5.2 Other Causes of Dementia
- 2.5.3 Parkinson's Disease (PD)
- 2.5.4 Other Diseases
- 2.5.4.1 Alcohol Abuse
- 2.5.4.2 Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
- 2.5.4.3 Major Depressive Disorders
- 2.5.5 Smokers
- 2.6 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Imaging in Mouse Brain
- References
- Chapter 3: A New Aspect of Cholinergic Transmission in the Central Nervous System
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Intracellular Distribution of AChRs
- 3.2.1 Muscarinic AChRs
- 3.2.2 Nicotinic AChRs
- 3.3 Incorporation of ACh into Postsynaptic Neurons.
- 3.4 Regulation of Synaptic ACh Concentrations and the Choline-ACh Cycle
- 3.5 Perspectives
- References
- Chapter 4: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling: Roles in Neuroprotection
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Neuroprotective Effect via Nicotine Receptors
- 4.3 Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Effects by Stimulating Nicotinic Receptors
- 4.4 Mechanism of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Upregulation upon Long-Term Nicotine Stimulation
- 4.5 Mechanism of Increased Sensitivity in the Neuronal Protective Effect of Nicotine That Accompanies Receptor Upregulation Caused by Long-Term Stimulation of Nicotine Receptors
- 4.6 Effect of the Stimulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Astrocytes on Inflammatory Response in the Brain
- 4.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
- References
- Chapter 5: Regulation by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors of Microglial Glutamate Transporters: Role of Microglia in Neuroprotection
- 5.1 Microglia
- 5.2 Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Roles of Microglia
- 5.3 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Microglia
- 5.4 Glutamate Transporters and Microglia
- 5.5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Glutamate Transporters
- 5.6 Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Microglial Glutamate Transporters
- 5.7 Drug Development Targeting α7 nAChR for Neurological Disorders
- 5.8 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6: Shati/Nat8l and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) Have Important Roles in Regulating Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Neuronal and Psychiatric Diseases in Animal Models and Humans
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Shati/Nat8l and Drug Reward
- 6.2.1 Function of Accumbal Shati/Nat8l in Nicotinic Effects
- 6.2.2 Striatal Shati/Nat8l and the Reward System
- 6.3 Shati/Nat8l in Learning and Memory
- 6.3.1 Hippocampal Shati/Nat8l in Learning and Memory.
- 6.3.2 Function of Accumbal Shati/Nat8l on Learning Memory and Emotional Behaviors
- 6.3.3 Function of Shati/Nat8l in Axon Outgrowth
- 6.4 Shati/Nat8l and Psychiatric Disease
- 6.4.1 Patients with Depression and NAA
- 6.4.2 Shati/Nat8l and Depressive Behaviors in Mice
- 6.4.3 Shati/Nat8l and Postpartum Depression
- 6.5 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Regulation of Pathology of Cerebrovascular Disorders
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Overviews on Stroke Disorders
- 7.3 Ischemic Stroke and nAChRs
- 7.3.1 Roles of Endogenous Cholinergic System in Regulation of Ischemic Injury
- 7.3.1.1 Effects of nAChR Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators
- 7.3.1.2 Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- 7.3.1.3 Effect of Cholinergic Neuronal Activity
- 7.3.2 Effects of nAChR Agonists on Ischemic Injury
- 7.3.2.1 Positive Findings
- 7.3.2.2 Negative Findings
- 7.4 Hemorrhagic Stroke and nAChRs
- 7.4.1 Effects of nAChR Agonists on Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
- 7.4.2 Effects of nAChR Agonists on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
- 7.5 Nicotine, Smoking and Stroke: Potential Associations
- 7.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
- References
- Chapter 8: Roles of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Alzheimer's Disease and nAChRs
- 8.2.1 nAChR Enhancement Shows Neuroprotection Against Glutamate Toxicity
- 8.2.2 Nicotine Protects Neurons Against Aβ Toxicity In Vitro
- 8.2.3 Galantamine Acts As an Allosteric Potentiating Ligand (APL) of nAChRs and Blocks Aβ-Enhanced Glutamate Toxicity In Vitro
- 8.2.4 Galantamine-Induced Aβ Clearance Mediated via Stimulation of Microglial nAChRs
- 8.2.5 Donepezil Promotes Internalization of NMDA Receptors by Stimulating α7 nAChRs and Attenuates Glutamate Cytotoxicity.
- 8.2.6 Donepezil Directly Acts on Microglia to Inhibit Its Inflammatory Activation
- 8.2.7 Temporal Changes of CD68 and α7nAChR Expression in Microglia in AD-Like Mouse Models
- 8.3 Parkinson's Disease and nAChRs
- 8.3.1 nAChR Enhancement Shows Dopaminergic Neuronal Protection Against Rotenone Cytotoxicity
- 8.3.2 nAChR Enhancement Show Dopaminergic Neuronal Protection Against 6-OHDA- Induced Hemiparkinsonian Rodent Model
- 8.3.3 α4 nAChR Modulated by Galantamine on Nigrostriatal Terminals Regulates Dopamine Receptor-Mediated Rotational Behavior
- 8.3.4 Neuroprotective Effect of Nicotine in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Model
- 8.4 Neuroprotective Enhancement of nAChRs Through Four Pathways (Kawamata and Shimohama 2011)
- 8.5 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9: SAK3-Induced Neuroprotection Is Mediated by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Neuroprotection Mediated by mAChRs
- 9.3 Neuroprotective Action Mediated by nAChRs
- 9.4 Development of the Novel nAChR Modulator SAK3
- 9.5 SAK3-Induced Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia
- 9.6 SAK3 Ameliorates Methimazole-Induced Cholinergic Neuronal Damage
- 9.7 SAK3 Is Neuroprotective Via nAChRs
- 9.8 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10: Removal of Blood Amyloid As a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Smoking and Nicotine
- 10.1 Introduction: Amyloid β Protein in Alzheimer's Disease
- 10.2 Smoking, Nicotine, and AD
- 10.2.1 Smoking and AD Prevalence
- 10.2.2 AD Pathology and Smoking
- 10.2.3 Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptors and Aβs
- 10.3 Our Hypothesis of a Therapeutic System for AD by Removal of Blood Aβ
- 10.4 Definition of Aβ Removal Activities of the Devices
- 10.5 Adsorption Devices for Blood Aβ Removal
- 10.6 Blood Aβ Removal by Hemodialyzers in Hemodialysis
- 10.7 Removal of Blood Aβs Evoked Influx of Aβs into the Blood.
- 10.8 Are the Influxes of Aβs into the Blood from the Brain?
- 10.9 Effects of Hemodialysis, One of the Blood Aβ Removal Methods, on Cognitive Function
- 10.10 Effects of Smoking on Removal of Blood Aβ
- 10.11 Effects of Smoking on Cognitive Function and Brain Atrophy in Renal Failure Patients
- 10.12 Closing
- References.